Cultural memorials to boot the w travel. Weve got the this is supposed to be the next big hope for Nuclear Energy. It promises to fix all the problems with traditional nicky, a power making it cheaper, foster and easier to build smaller, safer modular units, a game changer for nuclear going forward. Its called the small modular react, and over the past few decades will than 80 start up. Some projects have been working on this futuristic vision. But theres one big problem. So far, any one has actually been built. There reasons why its more than what your director is not being billed, even though many people are talking about them. Maybe a pallet is in the spotlight again as well, rushes to find clean energy alternatives. As a modest could be a really useful tool for doing things that big Nuclear Plants come through yet. And they have a leg up from renewables because they could provide constant power everywhere. But after decades of new to the decline west, some countries are really struggling to make this technology work. And developing countries like china and russia and india seem to be pulling ahead fast. So some of us deserve all this hype. And how can we actually make them happen . Powell is a very divisive topic with a lot of strong arguments for and against the technology. Its a powerful, low carbon alternatives of fossil fuels. And unlike renewables like solar and wind, which fluctuate based on the weather, nuclear as a consistent output, the i. E, a, an International Body that advises governments on the transition to clean energy. Physically, it has to move in double by 2050. If we want any chance of reaching that 0. So the problem with nuclear is that its really big and expensive. Takes too long to build and could cause civilization ending disaster in the seventys and in the leading up to the eightys, there was high public support. Dr. Could he could go up to research as public support for Nuclear Energy in the United States in india . That momentum really crashed us through the eightys and ninetys with the a journal about 3 mile island. Incidence that happened, we made a video on the rise and fall of Nuclear Energy as a tool to fight climate change, which you can watch you nuclear and as youre really struggling to bounce back from those big this, austins and when the focus shame a Nuclear Accident happened in 2011 the industries credibility took another massive hit, but things are starting to look up again. Public support has maybe started trickling back to pre fukushima levels and support is even higher for small moduler other type of advanced reactor technologies. That might be because a lot of these symbols have some very fleshy advertising, westinghouse, 8300 small modular react points or as to more power plants. While there are lots of different s m, i was being developed is currently full main types each using a different coolant to manage the extreme heat of a nuclear efficient reaction. They are light water, High Temperature, gas, liquid metal, and molten salt simmons. The most common type though is light water reactors, very similar to a traditional new clip help cents, which are almost all water cold. That makes the much easier to design and get approved as todays nuclear galatians mostly based on what are called reactance. So for light water reactors, the idea is to take a big traditional Nuclear Power plant, shrinking down and mass producing it would work very much like airliners. Doctor, i dont stein is an Engineering Research on consulting. He focuses on Nuclear Energy instead of how we typically build most Nuclear Power plants in the past, which is completely from scratch. Usually mostly at the power plant site. If you think of a large jumbo jet, its going to factory in a consistent manner with the same parts every time. With rigorous quality control. Dr. Steins, as making it in a factory means you can keep the same specialized workforce, the same supply chain and the same standards and just ship the already made power plant to wherever it needs to go. The small plants would have a much smaller output than a full size nuclear reactor. Most definitions of a, some us put them anywhere up to 300. 00 megawatts. Which means todays average full size nuclear reactors, output molding triple the biggest as a month. But in exchange, they take up very little space. You already use this the least amount of land amongst low Carbon Energy sources by far as a box could take that to the next level. You scale one of the biggest, some odd developers claims that this power plant, the void to 12 will take up 0. 13 square kilometers of plant, but could output the equivalent of 18. 6 square kilometers of solar panels. So that could get Nuclear Power online in more places much faster. What about the risk of Nuclear Accidents . Well, as miles have an answer for that too, and its called passive safety. In nearly all of todays new cape health science, the biggest safety task is keeping the quote of the reactor cooling off. If the plant suddenly shuts down and stops making power. If the cold and stop circulating for long enough, the fuel will get too hot and meltdown. That creates the risk of leaking Radioactive Material into the surrounding area. If all the material doesnt stay contained in the cool, thats what happened at the foot machine. But if you plant in 2011 often and it was quite triggered a safety shut down, the plant automatically switch to its backup generators to keep the coolant circulating through pumps. But an hour later, a massive tsunami treated by the as quick wiped out the plants backup systems and 3 react is known to them. So to avoid this type of scenario, many in your generation pallet science use passive and self contained Safety Systems that dont rely on human operators or external power is of purchasing a safer than previous models and many small safety designs claim to be completed. The passively cooled without the need for any external water either to do that, they would use a Natural Force called conviction, which is basically the same thing that happens in a kettle. When liquids in gas is good hot, they rise to the top. And when they cool, they sing to the bottom, creating a loop to take advantage of conviction. These estimates have a series of chambers that can allow for passive circulation of water. The reactor cool is placed inside a lodger shell, which is submerged in water in a containment structure on the ground, in an emergency, the Nuclear Reaction which generates heat would shut down in the reactor with is itself not letting anything in or out. So to get rid of the remaining heat inside, the cool, conduction comes in as the water inside the cool heat stop it rises to the top, turns into steam and gets pushed out into the largest show, which is kept cool from the water. Its submerged in that steam hits the largest shell, condenses back into water and pulls at the bottom. Ready to flow back into the reactor and continue the cycle. In theory, that cycle can just keep going until the reactor cools down enough to no longer be a threat. But while theres a lot of hype around these innovative designs, the likelihood of s a mazda actually working out depends a lot on how you look at them. Are they like any other type of energy solos standing on their own feet and making a profit in the free market . Well, i think a strategic set, the governments can use to fill the gaps while they stays out of fossil fuels, even if they lose money building. Lets say that firstly is the approaching to us and you and so far, hasnt worked out too well. It was just too expensive, that stuff to frederick a freeze physicist, a Nuclear Energy research, and she says that despite us, so just as the most op, some projects in the us in europe over the past decade, small nikia has run into the same problems as big nuclear with heavier regulations, project delays and costs blow out. And because its smaller, it also makes less money as an us, um, it was the economy of scale in energy production. That the smaller the outputs, the less avenue you can make. So you have to have really tailored applications to the school really, really small market. When you enter the rising inflation and increasing costs of a central materials to make these plants like steel, you get a recipe 5th financial meltdown that happened last november to new scale. One of the 1st and most promising us the most startups and the only one with us Regulatory Approval of to decades of planning the Company Cancelled its 1st f, a deployment over act as an idaho, you scouts as a project called the c a p p faced unique challenges and ended due to a lack of subscriptions. But many analysts say increasing costs played a big part. No scan was supposed to be building with ignited states, which as long history and no fear problems that has the biggest. So the fleet, a fence built that did not work on that was like um, support from the Government Support from the regulatory authority. Still it did not work out. It was just too expensive. The price tag was like to kind of our thing at the end about 4. 00 times than what they usually have mentioned except for plants right now. A new skills president says the company is continuing with its other domestic and International Customers to bring americans some off to market, including a project to replace the deacon mission, to copeland intermedia with avoid some opulent. But new skill is an example of how tough it is for private companies and stocks in the west to get small money to react is going. So what about that 2nd approach . Looking at some of those as a Strategic National investment that might not necessarily make a lot of money. Thats the approach taken by countries like china and russia. Small projects almost entirely state run operated by National Companies like china, c and c, and russias rows at home in the past. Countries that were able to build Nuclear Power successfully and have those be successful. Industrial investments were ones that were able to control their costs by avoiding unnecessary regulatory burdens, and then also control revenue by allowing them to make sure they could compete effectively on the down stream that they could sell into a market and be assured of a reasonable rate of return for selling power. Thats dave efficient in economics and policy analysts to specializes in china is introduced back to countries like tied out right now they do a great job controlling costs upstream and they do an excellent job ensuring revenue for the power sales downstream. Thats because even if you have a great design for an us a month extra, its a quite a few different steps have to come together to make it will happen. Is the materials needed to build the facility . You all have to be certified as nuclear se. Then theres a workforce to build the plan and the workforce to operate and then theres getting the fuel needed to run the react, serratos. And all of these steps being done by Different Private Companies who all need to make a profit. Countries like china and russia, package up all of the steps and sell them as a bundle. Its not just the technology youre getting, its also coming with the entire supply chain solution. Its coming with the uh, with the low interest loans that are provided by the export and companies banks, right. Maybe the import export bank of china is getting a big low interest. Well and Something Like that. And for the current environment, it feels like thats just much more compact tests. And fishermen says that approach has allowed similar projects in china to keep moving even when they run into challenges. In 2019 Chinese National new corporation begin to work on a 125 megawatt smile project on hang on the Island Holding low one. Its scheduled to be finished by the end of 2026, which would make it the 1st commercial land based somehow in the world. And that Strategic National investment approach could also make some estimates that have really nation uses more likely to look out to like High Temperature gas cold or molten salt reactors, which are currently some of the only alternatives to cold for industrial processes that need a lot of heat like making foods and then or chemicals. We made a video and most of the salt reactors and for him you can watch him. So thats the end of the story, right . State run projects have a solution that will finally get some walls happening. And soon theyll be hundreds of react is being built and shipped all over the world. Not quite. There are still a lot of questions hanging of s m os that need to be answered before the dream of factory built nuclear can come sure. The Worlds Energy needs are increasing rapidly and were still a long way away from nets theyre emissions. So well thats the most do have they uses some experts say countries at the side to invest more nuclear, a more lucky to need big a lot smaller plants. China is going to do better than everybody else, and its still only going to have this kind of impact on the d carbonite ization journey and on the offsetting of coal attorney and well Public Opinion on you to use improving the idea of having thousands of small Nuclear Plants all over the world, raises concerns to some about how all that a waste is going to be managed summit. Some of designs have close to fuel cycles. That could be read the key last up to 30 years. But the science is still out on that, and some studies have shown some miles using more, less nuclear fuel overall. Still, many advocates point out that were probably going to need nuclear for a lot longer than 2050. Or whenever we managed to reach that 0 volts population and engineers are going to keep rising. And the strategy of using nuclear low side renewables looks like its here to stay. So what do you think of a Small Nuclear reactors that are still in the comments and subscribe to our channel . We released new videos for you every friday. The written by a single question. Were peterson. One has been searching for his brother and father, and us read a search for victims of the military dictatorship has led me to columbia. The ceiling stuff next, on dw shannon with the world winning offer is available language learning. German has never been sent to. The 50 is one Eduardo Rojas vasquez has been searching for his father, an older brother, chevy mo, most still have some hope that my brother is alive. Leaving ken during the pena shay dictatorship and on the number of july ends with tortured and murdered in the notorious colonial degree. Dad can believes it was bad that his father met his desk. 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