Life begins here in a some penguins done for the building and this to have say, yeah, they distress the eggs on their feet and cover them with a brood house, a fold of rooms, skin in the eggs, the bed embryo, dependence, and little hot folds and starts to beat, but that only happens if the 1st and last eggs incubated to ensure it doesnt correct and the pressure that acts up to 70 constructed the v 8. Although nourishing as a food stuff, it was designed to be an intelligent incubation. So its extremely robust. It takes real effort for chicks to hatch from the shell, the, the well not that the not well i did. It really is a wonder of nature, but i and its also important because actually the addict or the and shell is there to protect the chain or the him turns the ac several times a day and also sits on it. So it has to endure a lot of the egg as so stable. That when a chick is ready to hatch, they need a special, a tube tvs to break open. Michelle from the inside. I, tom, im done fun in the charlotte, off supervision of our eggs. Really that strong. And if so, how we set up a little experiment to find out for ourselves how easy it is to break an egg. Is it possible to crush or roll egg into your hands . Amazing, even big hands are strong muscles could not break even one of our viewers from brazil gave it his best shot without any success. Okay. How is that possible . The reason eggs are so stable is partly due to their shape. The curve shape distributes pressure even the across the shells surface. The the x structure also plays a role, and x shows normally 0. 3 to 0. 4 millimeters thick and consists of 90 percent calcium carbonate, making it very hard. It is made up of many tiny crystal and pillars pet to tightly together. They form a stable structure. The many pores gives a show, a certainly less disappeared. But they are also responsible for air exchange. Carbon dioxide is released, fresh oxygen is absorbed. Moisture is also absorbed so that the egg does not dry out. A cleverly designed protection for new life. The which came 1st, the chicken. All the big chicken. I mean, thats what a glimpse inside an egg reveals. Because all this eggs have an at pocket which supplies the embryos oxygen. But 1st, there has to be a chicken there to lay such a big egg with an air pocket. In the 1st place. I have pockets might have been important in evolutionary tons. So this could develop a unique respiratory system that allows them to fly. Fit in 3 beds mainly hung around the home to well migratory birds in bulk on long chinese separates migration. Pat didnt seem to be changing as a group of researches in switzerland as upsetting nighttime over link geneva high up and this was out on the cold is shamal Mountain Pass leo. Now my mom he is on his way to his neck. He catches migratory birds for research purposes. He founded this Bird Watching Center 30 years ago when he was still a student to the the next are 9 to 20 meters high. The tallest in switzerland. Still we catch just the small fraction of the passing birds. Maybe one out of every 1000 or 10000, depending on the species as best. Those a wind conditions arent ideal. Normally checks the nets and finds a surprise that theyre a bad thats a bit unexpected. So late in the fall, most bats dont migrate, but rather seek shelter at higher altitudes in winter. About 20, that species can be found here at the cold as a mom pass. A moment he has been observing them for a while and has seen their numbers fall over the years. Intensive agriculture is threatening their food supply. This also is what the bats are protected, but theyve suffered a lot due to pesticides which have greatly reduce the number of insects and theyre not going to do that. Second. The less is that ongoing or have things stabilize to say, um, i quoted you, i think their numbers keep decreasing, some football kind of, you know, things dont look good for inspect, divorce, notably birds and bats and, and then the bat disappears into the night. Meanwhile, the wind conditions have changed. Most migratory birds flying at night. So as dawn, its time to get to work. This is only possible thanks to the help of volunteers. Like nikolai, the biologist has spent almost 3 months at the observation center. So thats one. Yes, the one that you met during the 1st morning round. We catch lots of birds that were migrating at night. They take a break and come down to the ground to eat when you said flying to the net more because they fly lower than it naturally pre bucher on carefully. They remove the birds from the net in october. There were lots of robins that were on the way to the mediterranean. Besides, the birds are collected in clocks, tags, and hung up in order. The most sensitive creatures come 1st. Then each bird is banded and examined its wing span, and the amount of fat under its feathers are checked before the bird is released. Only certified inspectors may do this one. Let me tell me so i got to put any down. I got my bird bending permit last year. Dont you need to train for it beforehand and continue . And as ive been doing this since i arrived, ive gotten the hang of it and stuff i am on our records, the data which helps provide statistics on migratory birds. And even though few of them are caught, again, the number of spines provides an overview of the bird populations uncalled as a mom, leona and mama, he has observed the impact of Climate Change for decades. Thats what is made species like this ring was out a rare sight. Fitness basically is hi, this is a species thats become rare. Are due to Global Warming on the alpine population is moving to Higher Ground because theyre being driven out by black birds, which themselves are moving to Higher Grounds. This nordic subspecies is retreating more and more to northern europe, this northward retreat as a result of Climate Change isnt gonna know. Yeah, they got no idea of the. There are winners and losers from the mediterranean species are the winners, at least from a switch perspective. We have species that werent here before, but weve also noticed that theyve disappeared from southern European Countries like portugal, and theres been a sort of northward shift that sounds like allows no, no leona mama, he plans to keep monitoring these changes to better understand the plate of migratory birds on their journey cells these pieces of bed stay home only around these magpies even keep the place tidy. In this experiment, base 20 wage, bustle, cabs, snip up a treat every time. Especially given the fact that books brains like a new cortex folded, pause at the mammalian brain, responsible for permission and other complex behaviors gets the demonstrate astonishing cognitive affinity. The once the explanation for these researchers at roy university, both of them are looking for answers. The scientists here were with ravens. Yes, this is athena. Take the hassle head daily. Training i leave works with a female, a you region cro, a son bird from the raven family, raven so thought to be especially intelligent. But the scene is rather shy. Its better if we keep our distance. Strange people are objects like our camera can distract the bird tends right. Okay. A one very good. Receiving another one. A 9 se says its okay. Just like always. Odyssey at last she brings a female into the testing area to the bird will pick it a monitor with its beat, memorizing specific patterns and sequences in the process. Because we can want to seen it from above us as we all know that shes working. Now the most um do you think shes to pick the point on these 3 monitors . A pick a black point of has and she missed ok for him respond. Athena must also memorize the sequence in which she picks the points so that you can enter the exact same pattern into a 4th monitor. So she got that wrong. The one that says briefly, tons block to signal top to huh. Lets see if she gets it right this time. Lots of each location corresponds to an abstract symbol which doesnt appear there. The monitor above stands for camping. The monitor on the right stands for toilet and to left is port of black points is the only thing shown on the screen. Ive seen the most confirmed the sequences on the control monitor using the correct symbols, scampering toilet support. She got it right here. Once again, because it went so fast camping toilet port and her reward suffice, it will take if she wants this correctly, she gets food feed pellets, come out of this automatic dispenser. Then the next test to begin this trial. A little is known about how birds brings function, the neutral scientist eunice was and his team hope such experiments will help them figure out how ravens retrieve info from short term memory, which could be a key to understanding birds. Intelligence the system comes visiting assess team, but its an important system. As it forms the foundation of degrees of higher cognition and its characteristics make it attractive to study. Its capacity is limited and we cant recall endless numbers of things and its fragile. Info gets lost when were distracted by the one. This gives us a chance to see how it performs compared to other species. And this is how good is a crow compared to a monkey . For example. How much can they recall . How flexibly can they work with these kinds of subjects to bomb . In this experiment, a cro is learning that only the tube on the range will help it raise the water level in the middle and bring the food closer. When it throws in stones on the left and nothing happens, the amazing thing. Its learning from experience alone and even employing tools that points to complex thought pattern. And besides ravens hours and parents are also of interest to brain researchers, even pigeons wait pigeons of course says bio psychologist, own or going to one of the worlds foremost pitching in the searchers. She also works in both of them, and its been examining the birds cognitive abilities for years. This is mike, does it to you as a yep. Do you think i really liked these animals . Does it not the super styles of learning . Thats the crows and parents. But they have something really great, a kind of meticulous because assistance in carrying out a given task like they work on it for hours. And thats ideal for scientists as the mistakes they might provide. Incredible insight into how the thought process functions, v testing and from to near to as you mentioned, thats why they Great Research animals have dentist come, i love them. Can you busy mammals, the brains cortex is responsible for a complex problem solving. It was assumed birds lacked such a cortex. But with the help of a laser scientists found cortex like structures visible in the Cross Section of the birds brain. The typical horizontal and vertical strands that make complex thought possible with these kinds of vertical strands enable an extremely Detailed Analysis of everything. They perceive the horizontal ols help them connected all together. Under a microscope, it becomes clear with the vertical and horizontal structures are capable of lets using an item that we see our individual doc and nerve cells with the technology weve applied here. We can see when the dock and cells communicate with other nerve cells. So in a way were seeing whos communicating with whom am i to me today, and its an astonishing discovery. No one expected a birds brain could be as complex as a mammals. Often yes, black says glance, the brain seems so different and youd be able to further in, you go and the more carefully you look, the more you find the same basic principles. The closer you look in the most similar they are shown. In other words, brain structure is a decisive factor in determining an animals cognitive abilities. The, some features of the strains could already be seen and they full fathers, the dinosaurs. Thats an indication of the close relationship between bets and dinosaurs. Just like they gave a genetic Analysis Shows chickens and ostrich is a more closely related to the, to run the source rigs than any other living spaces. But one of the obvious differences is the size adults that the relative from mexico wants to know. Why did the dinosaurs grow so big . Giraffe, so the tallest land animals are live today. Reaching heights of up to 6 meters. They tower over all other creatures. Yet they are shrimps compared to the dinosaurs. The largest ones were known as sorrow pods. These giant are boys 1st walks the earth some 230000000 years ago. 66000000 years ago they became extinct. Findings of their bones reveal that some of these dinosaurs were more than 35 meters long, 17 meters tall, and weighed almost 70 tons. And thats about as heavy as a herd of elephants. There are several reasons why dinosaurs grew to be so large, one as likely because they did to their food. They tore off branches and leaves with their teeth and swallow them whole as the simulation that a Dinosaur Park shows. So they could consume vast quantities of nutrients quickly. Their bottlenecks also let them raise over large areas without needing to move around. The energy saved could then be used for growth. The another reason was the bird like respiratory systems soto pods, breed using air, sex, distributed throughout their bodies. Even between the cervical vertebrae. This made their next relatively light, which allowed them to become so very long. The researchers also believe that dinosaurs grew very quickly young dinosaurs just attached from an egg like this. We barely 10 kilos, but in just 30 years that we would increase 5000 fold. But there are still many secrets to be discovered about several pods of largest animals ever to walk the earth. The its our blood is red. Why do you have a question about science . Send it to us as a video text, a voice message. If we onto it on the show, well send you a little surprised as a thank you to come on just on the now back to the defendants of the dinosaurs. But during mating season, many males struck their stuff and tried to impress the opposite sex to many species. Males even need to show potential pauses. Fair enough. Next many birds favorite dense, undergrad full. They breeding grounds. Well, other species, 6 fell to in hitches, is safe place to raise young that catches call that and to the we deal with off and pay that much attention. But these plans are actually very useful. Hinges, protect us from noise and dust. And from the prying eyes of our neighbors. But thats not all. A new study shows the bushes and trumps also provide a secret weapons and climate protection hitches are multi functional and theyre fantastic carbon stores eyes. They store just as much of carbon in their bio mass and in the soil per square meter, as far as i do, in fact, many times withheld from a chain. So researchers from the tune and institute in northern germany are collecting samples from various types of hedge to study how efficient they are as carbon stores. Data of this kind has never been collected before that they were surprised by the results having hedgerows and farmland provides exceptional climate protection in terms of carbon storage. The only thing better is marshland individual, my son carpenter, stored in the bio mass of the head. So when the twigs branches in roots, okay . And in the soil, under the hedge funds that, thats carbon that comes from the atmosphere, a c o 2 via so the hedge who is contributing towards crime and protection, that was something that should suffice. A newly planted hedge of 720 meters can store the same amount of c o 2 that an average person in germany produces in 10 years. But in the last 70 years, almost half of all hedgerows have been removed. So the bigger Agricultural Machinery can be used this has resulted in empty landscapes and mono countries of the toes and a function, the logic, thousands of kilometers of heads rows from the countryside. If you look at the land today thats used for intensive farming, everything was wide open or there were no dividing lines anymore and you might know strips of grass ghosts and whats missing. Most of all our heads ropes here, the hiccups along with the use of pesticides on the fields. The lack of structures on farmland is one of the main reasons that species are becoming extinct. Current studies have shown this job showing thursday. If i just dont taking the test, i, the destruction of hedge rose has led to the loss of many different types of plants that grow along the borders. Ive been funded, but also many, many species of animals from insects, to reptiles, the, im phoebe, in the sense lizard, for example. And them, itd be on site the common toad that seek shelter in hedges food. But it also affects birds and much higher than malls and mammals, like the door mouse. You can rely on plants like hawthorn and hazelnut bushes for food and horizontal styles. Its now squint lago, hedgerows dont just provide food and shelter, which is especially important for endangered species. They also create car doors that connect the various bio tops that are spread across the land. Another, the species are dying out, i guess because they cant connect with other members anymore. You need there is no Genetic Exchange and the individual populations are becoming too small. And hedge rose provide a link between the various populations, how be the various islands, and even they were good examples of areas that do have lots of hedge rose ok. And when you look inside the hedges and you see that theres so much more like theyre just all these and this manual says, hedge rose and den would provide especially valuable habitat support. Insects and other useful creatures. Hedges also protect the soil. When they grow less water evaporates, and the wind speed drops. So less soil blows away the blanket side down the line for the glove technique. Still new advice for a long time. Farmers used to think pages were just a bit of a nuisance. And just because they had to drive the machinery around the me, a line for these in the put lots of farmers are starting to see that they actually need hedges, especially during the dry spells like a dry summer landfill at the materials. And they have a cooling effect and they store water. So farmers actually get better yields if they have hedge roskus feeding all 50. I take the deadline for task boots and researchers from austria have taken a closer look at how much the yield increases by planting hedges. They discovered that an 8 meter high hedge has an impact on the 80 meters of copeland next to it. The yield of winter weight increases by 9. 5 percent and sunflower yields increased by almost 24 percent so they might not look much. But these plans harness a multitude of benefits whether theyre in a field or in your own garden hedges are great for the environment. They store seo to provide shade and even decoration patches can also attract animals. If you choose the right ones, the native wild shrubs are best for that. Especially ones that bear fruit are such as elder bearing in Central Europe or common barberry. And cornelia and cherry. They can transform ornamental gardens into useful ones. Theyre not only good for the soul, but also for the environment we live in the thats it for this edition of tomorrow today, d, w science program. Thanks for watching and see you next time. Until then state curious by the the we love us. We love does anything a mountain is too high. The road is too long. In such a fix, ordinary we have a specialist of lifestyle, 009. Coming up on d w. Looking into the future at 140, the tech know found that continues to shape new generations of Office Message has always been pushed. The boundaries beyond south. Everything is possible. Both on d w. The tricky diseases and stereotypes still shapes the west views of africa. How do we change the adult film they can lease was coming to these creations together, they exclude the contradictory nature of the 0 centric acid cute girl and how these police can be changed. The stop filming us. Plea for new perspectives starts october 20th us dw, sometimes a seed is all you need to allow big ideas to grow or bring an Environmental Conservation to life with learning impacts like global ideas. We will show you how Climate Change and Environmental Conservation is taking shape around the world and, and how we can make a difference. Knowledge gross through sharing. Download it now for the filter. Manyels engine via you belong to the 77 percent because i dont go down 65 last, last goals, power and years. 3 reasons why one to 115. We are used to help you make up your mind because im much up to you from table topics the new culture of my dentist team. And lets say whats the quote the, this is dw neros, and these are the thoughts started. Un secretary general dental and youre good to address, has appealed for israel to allow is output and, and beat it access to because of strep, hundreds of thousands of palestinians have left the knowledge of the data to the office. Read, told them to evacuate ahead of them, expected around defensive. Does the Officials Say ongoing and certainly as strikes of cues, more than 2600 people that
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