A production volume. Said it doesnt expect widespread vaccinations against coronavirus until mid 2021 but even that is optimistic. Germanys tough Biotech Companies and clinics are rushing to come up with a vaccine to defeat the Novel Coronavirus some are already carrying out human testing after the lengthy approval process was speeded up the stakes are that high and so lets take a look at how the trials work. A little pinprick but it brings high hopes with it inside the syringe a vaccine from the cure of company its designed to imitate the corona virus in the body to provoke an immune response. About 200 people have volunteered to take part in the trial. So this way i can do my bit to help defeat the virus. 10 companies in germany are currently working to defeat the virus by developing vaccines. To are already testing their vaccines on humans in trials that generally consist of a number of phases. After discovery in the lab there preclinical tests then comes phase one which is mainly focused on whether the human body can tolerate the vaccine and the reaction of the immune system face to look at i will hide the dosage just to be in phase 3 tests effectiveness whether the vaccine offers protection in everyday life normally approval takes about 8 to 10 years but now the process is supposed to go much faster. Here at the university of tubing in hospital scientists are working on phase one. From the data so far we can see that the vaccine is well tolerated and safe and we also hope that the 1st signals of the immune defense which are becoming apparent are also very positive see a post gives and. Another company from germany is already testing its vaccine on humans biotech based in the german city of minds is partnering with the u. S. Pharmaceutical company pfizer. They are already combining phases 2. 00 and 3. 00 testing whether the vaccine actually protects against coronaviruses in everyday life biotech is around 30000. 00 volunteer test subjects worldwide it hopes to have an approved vaccine before the end of the year the head of germanys medical regulator e body thinks germany is on the right track. German Vaccine Developers are well advanced they are in a global premier league these are modern platform technologies for vaccines i expect that even to vaccines could possibly come from germany if there are more so much the better. A vaccine for everyone by early next year and ambitious goal that will require a lot more pinpricks. But i speak to professor alric to nagual hes in your ologist and founding director of the quest center for transforming Biomedical Research thanks for joining us this search for a vaccine is all about trading off speed and safety how regulators managed to quicken the approval process without compromising on safety because that is the 100000000. 00 question and answer. In principle those. Are. All its fundamentally and so one has to make a trade off this is about risk benefit and i think it is at the moment its very much at the discretion of those agencies where they are accelerating they or prostrate approving drugs particular vaccine is now or not and a lot of this obviously is not really transparent so we dont know much about those processes and i think what a lot of people might be wondering is whether or not we can be certain that any vaccine that does go through this streamline process is totally safe. I mean theres nothing that is totally safe in particular not with vaccine or Drug Development and there are certain risks certainly with vaccines and they may even be late be delayed those risks so that is obviously a very. Difficult decision and at least i and i think im in the community how many of us would argue that we should not sacrifice safety for speed. Because too much is at stake but in principle although there are these rules and you mentioned the phase 123 and so forth. In the end its at the hands and in the decision of the regulator as to phosphoric and so we can only hope that there is good evidence and evidence will be weighed so far its hard to tell whether were on the right track but we all know that. There are trials that have been halted one particular and there are concerns about the phase 12 trial from from russia so this just shows that this is very sensitive and the public has to really follow this in fact right now over the weekend i think we had the release of protocols from the 3 Major Drug Companies that are running those face re trials which is unheard of and i think is a Good Development because it allows experts and also the public to scrutinize what they are doing speaking of scrutiny we should talk about russia which it just mentioned back in the august they said that they had approved a way came back saying sputnik 5 as theyre calling it but the International Community is doing is basically rejected that all we any closer to knowing whether that is an effective vaccine. No not at all i mean there was a publication in the long answer only recently i think listened to weeks ago. But it reports on a face one slash 2 trial that is open and that actually has no true if you can see in point it just looks at immune response it does not look at whether it prevents actually those infections and its a very small study and it has raised concerns in fact there is a letter of concern about. The data and in fact lancet has contacted the authors to respond to that they have not responded they have said that they are going to respond but they havent done so yet so we dont know its very unlikely that in such a short time period any nation could determine safety and if you can see such an approach continues to be controversial that one do you think what will come out of this pandemic is perhaps potentially a different model for approving medication do you think we will have a swifter process going forward. Well we will see whether the bet. Will materialize and these past developments actually pay off that will certainly push it in this direction but the whole issue of accelerated approval is actually not a new development in fact there have been discussions of this topic for many years now especially from haitian communities for example children parents of children with c. D. s diseases who argue that they dont have the time to wait for a lot of our large Clinical Trials and that they want almost experimental treatments right now and we should be aware of the fact that 16 percent of the f. D. A. Approval was right now already are on an excel aerated mode so this is not a new development its an ongoing discussion and many experts ethicists but also by medical researchers are concerned about this because we are lowering the bar and this certainly must certainly increase associated risks so i dont know at least i see. That today as our afraid weve run out of time we could talk about this all day of course professor or extend thanks for joining us. Thank you. And now its time for your questions to our science correspondent Eric Williams. Why has the coded 19 mortality rate dropped so much i answered this a few months ago but what was a fairly 10 u. S. Strand back then has turned into and to an undeniable one today so im going to answer it again 1st of all i need to emphasize that that mortality rate which is our best guess of the percentage of people who will on average die from the disease if they contract it and thats only something well really be able to calculate with any accuracy after the pandemic is over what we can look at now during the pandemic is whats called the case fatality rate which is the proportion of people who have died from among the people who we know beyond doubt have had it the ones who have tested positive for the disease and as you rightly say that number has fallen pretty dramatically over the last few months by around half in some countries the experts say there are a couple of reasons why 1st and foremost theres the experience factor the more medical professionals all over the world treat severely ill patients the better they get that knowing how to save them then of course theres the fact that the number of tests being carried out on a daily basis is rising continuously which means were catching a lot more positives than earlier in the pandemic when testing was was limited mostly to people who were severely ill in hospital settings and now were also confirming a lot more cases among those who have mild or no symptoms and thats related to the 3rd factor the experts say which is that the rise in testing means that were now also detecting covert 19 much more frequently in young people and as we all know by now theyre much less. Likely to die from the disease then older people or finally some experts have expressed hope that the case fatality rate is maybe falling because maybe the virus is now mutating to be to be less virulent but thats still pretty highly speculative. Science correspondent Eric Williams thats all from this college 19 special if you do im all for must check out the dedicated section of the t. W. Website to do we dot com thanks for joining us. To come. To one month im going to see a guy come to a sensational story fire and crush al qaeda complete with the beautiful ramona. And family man. Nothing new there and defeated at home by a massive bill and. One ounce commandant of. The. House of viruses spread. Why do we panic and when well all be. Just 3 of the topics covered in the weekly radio show is called spectrum if you would like any information on the crown of virus or any other science topic you should really check out our podcast you can get it wherever you get your podcast you can also find us at. Science. Compatible with the press. Most muslim women choose between their faith and selfdetermination. I dont want anyone to tell me what the right from what i had stopped them know how limited are striving to reform their islam away from traditional prejudices for. Women and. Start september 24th on g. W. Where i come from we have to fight for a free press and was born and raised in a military dictatorship with just one t. V. Shadow and a few newspapers with official information as a journalist i have worked on the streets of many can trust and they have problems are always the same forward to the social inequality a lack of the freedom of the press. Corruption who can afford to stay silent when it comes to the defense of the humans and seem right to feel. And so have decided to put their trust in us. Name is tony harris and i think were at the top of. This is it every news life or whirl in any strident u. N. Speech President Donald Trump advises World Leaders to put National Interests 1st as president i have rejected the failed approaches of the past and i am proudly putting america 1st just as you should be putting your countrys 1st could any praise for al gore a squeamish turning General Assembly President Trump a glass shina for the Global Pandemic well have a full round up for you coming up. Also your
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