Thomas martins is showing his successor tom hooper the borough mocker quarry a fossil site close to the town tom bhakti tots who is taking over as the paleontologist at Clayton Stein castle in go top home to 290000000 year old treasures from the lower permian period martin spent 40 years digging through the earths history on the site and who know hopes his time will be similarly fruitful. The bone mocker in the thuringia forest is a very special fossil locality. A season you could say the brawl marker is the only lower permian locality in the world well track sprints and the track makers that is skeletons for a sickly be found in one layer and i will shift to 50 and its going to be a common academic consensus is that no one would ever find body fossils in this kind of reddish brown and find great rocks. I guess some academic opinions shouldnt be written in stone i lay on my own of. Thomas martin showed the consensus to be mistaken with the help of a bone he found as a young geologist at the bro market quarry in 1974 now. We werent actually looking for bones for execution it happened by coincidence one from 1st i didnt recognize it as a bone i thought it was a part of the stone and thus by but then i prepared this white thing and saw it as a bonus and. My then teacher and professor on oh ham on miller and freiburg wrote to me and doesnt exist or martins you didnt find that here kathy when he said theres no such thing here services he subsequently accepted it gave me a symbolic pat on my shoulder and from then onwards i came back here every year so i had more real knowledge of the. At the end of the 19th century a footprint left by primitive tetrapod animals which predate dinosaurs was discovered by chance on a sandstone block that it come from the belmokhtar quarry this launched various excavations the discoveries were brought to the do call museum and go to or sold to museums and universities around the world. About 150 years before the bro marker footprint was unearthed finds from another part of thuringia called bad levenstein had kicked off Paleontological Research around the world. Is heading to that beginning the geologist of the national geo park insoles bad guy glycine is working his way through the corridors of an old cobalt and copper mine. Parts of the mine have been made accessible again for scientific research. This is an older excavation all. All of this is old. With this and what is this from around 1730. 00. In the 1730. 00 s. Discoveries were made that would change what we knew and thought about the world forever. As a few of us i know the us this is where one of the 1st specimens of proto saurus or 1st lizard was around. When that discovery was made here in 1733 was particularly valuable and this is to suggest this was named after that hes been told its now in the Natural History museum who he was in was in vain and this is and this shaft got from the front. Door as was the 1st fossilized primitive reptiles that was ever described which of these lets have that time was that people knew nothing about fossils it was not yet generally understood or accepted that these were the remains of former living creatures for and you back then people still thought that these shapes have grown inside the rocks by chance sees a few goons with science who fairly should stay in your box and we. As the heroes in this state so here we see a recently opened rock which shows us the history of this region shish disease of the great the range in flood that happened to your 257000000 years ago isnt that seen from fish new york. On top of the water you can and life that same time which was laid down by the sea the year flooded the Central European basin in the one i need also the fruit to test the story wrong here below with the larger particles is the station conglomerate after that we have a time period which lasted around 15000 years when this black copper slate for the faults of before there is its. During this time to see stagnated and there was a sludge in the by. From a poorly ventilated sea lift. This is the layer in which the remains of proto and many other fossils can be found it was observed of over 4000. 00. 1 geological period and many dramatic climate changes later primitive tetrapod left tracks and wet sand which eventually became modeled sunstone the fossilized tracks were discovered in 833. 00 in the nearby vincent corry. They were the very 1st trace fossils to be described in the history of science part of the trace fossil is on display in the museum of Natural History in the castle batons books noising and its arguably the most beautiful plate showing 3 crossing tracks. In the 19th century people didnt really understand how these teachers walked if you put your hand on the print you can see if its really well here. When taking the position of the tracks into account it became clear that the suppose a dog was actually a Little Finger if the clone a few long with this film the researchers surmised the creatures must have walked criss cross cloyds which didnt really seem natural to us why he still thats why people were always very uncertain what kind of animals produced this curious drax life on the foot here would give you something to call yourself sort them. Out from 8332851 about 20 different scientific papers are written about them with truffle. Thats how hot the topic was. The hand shaped prints led to the animals being called hand beast this remains their name to this day. And. We can determine the Shoulder Point and the public want of the animals from their tracks and how they stepped. On which means we can estimate and reconstruct the animals proportions with in addition the foot morphology can be used to determine the animal group the in this case the pseudo zushi an arguer source if you will similar animals have been found in to chino in switzerland and south america. Both methods we do or defend some picture which we used as the basis for a reconstructed model that so consulates. Beast is an ancestor of crocodiles and belongs to the crown group of dinosaurs it had a fluid gait like todays mammals and dinosaurs before them. This is one of the many details contained in the tour through 300000000 years of the earths history. Karl found a book is a sought after expert for early amphibians and set up the Museum Exhibition like Thomas Martins and stefan barna he stands in the great tradition of the engine fire. So researchers and discoverers. Who live on lynch down for example discovered the skeleton of a neo theropod a carnivore from the triassic period. This ancestor of the t. Rex was named lillian channels after the discovery. Down in the museums archive the history of the earth lies tucked inside drawers a picture of the evolution of living creatures millions of years ago can be reconstructed stone for stone. And this is a magnificent specimen. And see it for with frank your story which is why you see. Some plants were swept in but the brink youre sorry where the real inhabitants of the lake says. Lets take a look at the largest loss of life skeletons and these still are dinosaurs of their primitive amphibians that lived in the leg during the 1002 more sr really an epic and from this was a young. And thats whats particularly interesting with the skeleton is that it still has its last excrement in its pelvis. Or fossilized feces preserved with the skeleton well that tells us something about the circumstances under which this animal died. Through. The slot open he would enjoy getting buried in a lake by a mud flood because. Its also possible to analyze what happened in that lake afterwards. With this creature maybe floating on the surface for a while you still didnt skin burst. By may have some examples of that happening because of the heat and gas in the intestines because the skin to split. In some simply and did in this case the skin burst in the spine came out. Of your claws and almost didnt show. The tetrapods living in the bone marker site near tom de time its probably also fell victim to a mudslide 285000000 years ago a flood caused by heavy rainfall in the winter was then close to the equator periods of drought alternated with monsoon rains back then now too and surrounded the brahmachari and the river and its pools served as watering holes for animals. The popa and. We need a very soft medium like this mud here and it needs to be moldable. It cant be too liquid. It needs to have a plastic consistency. And we need the sun to dry it out which makes it very hard. And the wind covers it in sand and dispensary it can now stay preserved like that. As a fossil for millions of years if the additions are right. It was the tracks found in the borough marker in the 19th century made the corrie known but the skeletons brought the site to world famed after came across the 1st bone here in 1984 he returned every year each time he discovered many fossils. In the 1980 s. I found the 1st goal of the genus in moria. And we knew it was a some morea from comparing it with american literature. That was a big surprise. Because it was the 1st example of the genus found in europe and it made this connection clear. We tried to reach out to researchers in the u. S. Which wasnt easy to do in the g. D. R. But with the help of the museum it worked. Thats how interest from america from the western world started. A lot of this nations idea. After the fall of the berlin wall martin managed to get one of the worlds leading vertebrate paleontologists interested in the science of david berman from the Carnegie Museum in pittsburgh pennsylvania. The 1st and most important thing is that all the things were finding here 13 different types of animals or more are found nowhere else in europe but they are many of them are found in tonights states or north america which goes to prove biologically that the 2 continents are together that europe and north america were one continuous land continent. The site was under the care of the. Freedon stein which stopped the excavation in 2010 the reason given was that there are more important priorities. But a group of researchers in berlin have said they want to continue digging in the borough marker also because the site with its combination of tracks and track makers is unique and the skeletons are exceptionally well preserved. Researchers at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in pittsburgh have been working on extracting and cleaning the skeletons for years. Amy had received as collection manager for the section of vertebrate paleontology she is also a fossil prepared and participated in breaux marker quarry excavations the discoveries at the bro marker were important for me as a fossil prepared or because they are the best fossils i prepared in my career at the Carnegie Museum they far exceeded in completeness preservation and also. There is a preparation other fossils that i worked on we started for. Him we were found out of. The week for everything. Up to that and the reason for that. He was the gap with. The 2 being able to run by people not only on earth in an upright. But we moved. Up the world like that for no other animal for this sort of the ramparts. With dinosaurs. Was there a small tie around a source in germany 170000000 years before the 1st real t. Rex appeared on earth actually the 2 are unrelated except for that as the small one is called also walked on 2 legs it may have been the 1st to do so. Of all the discoveries weve made of the broadwater the one that sticks in my mind the most is the discovery of or babies perhaps died and one of the reasons this was my favorite is because i was the one who did. Covered and we were working in the corrie and i was sort of going into my oval never find a fossil when i looked it up with piece of rock and i did you that i lifted up and looked at the underside and there was an articulated foot and we didnt know what it was of at the time but we knew from the bro marker that if you found an articulated foot there was a good chance that you would have a whole skeleton. Is a close relative of the last common ancestor of mammals lizards snakes turtles crocodiles and birds that lived around 290000000 years ago shortly after vertebrates 1st came out of the water and stepped onto the shore. And this is why researchers in switzerland have taught or obeyed paths to walk again. The interdisciplinary project is a joint effort of the institute of file logy of the university of berlin and the core polytechnique in. The biologist hope this early land can shed light on evolutionary history. The engineers hope it will help them develop robots that can save lives in emergencies. I guess one of the think which is where connect a control of the motors at the same time. Its only like 5 degrees of freedom in the lake. So theyre very theyre like fights mortars into like i mean but that was sort of challenging. To get told the degrees of freedom that is a real animal can have. Theres never been a walking machine like this theres 28 different motors that control the complete movement. And it was a big challenge for the robotics specialists to create this kind of natural sequence of movement. If. You have all these degrees of flexibility and where you have to solve problems such as hand and foot joint rotations. And at the same time we could play at various scenarios in. The robot can reproduce the tracks that the baso left behind 300000000 years ago. But i dont so we can now use the robot to identify what movements could create tracks like these this is and. Thats a. Professor in the uk a tourist started the project at the previous schillers. University you know he measured the bones and tracks digitized them animated them together with specialists and compared their mobility with that of living reptiles today. We found that the movement of these animals was already very well adapted to life on land thats going on which meant we had to shift our estimation of when i was active mobility on land had a vault back by 15 to 20000000 years and. Thomas martins his grandson and his successor tom hooper are on their way to the depot a fried castle prepared or obeyed back from the u. S. This book is. A skeleton its absolutely complete as far as the most in taxes gallatin of this kind of animal in the world. Its really crazy seeing Something Like this. Almost picture how it lives how it moved and what it saw. You can see the eye sockets in that skull. This is where the treasures of the brahmachari are stored among them the famous tom. 2 fossilized say moria the discovery was the 1st biological proof that europe and the us were still a super continent called some 300000000 years ago. As if they had been saying goodbye to one another one last time before they were engulfed. Whispering they were whispering to each other. We had the idea to call them the tom box lovers and then because of the famous painting. Lovers the worlds oldest couple. In here. The demitra don. Thats the one with the neural spine sale which had previously only been known from north america but this part have been found in the broad marker. These are long along its lines that extend from the vertebrae here of the individual for every this is what carried the neural spine so. This isnt exactly the same species but it is a demitra dog. Its a little smaller than those found in north america but hey we now know we had gone in europe doesnt toys which is great when one of our goals is to someday find a complete animal. And in here is the you didnt this. Is the legs are so long that we think you could also run on his hind feet when he wanted to go fast. Almost like a dinosaur although hes not one of them we also have a posterity or part of pelvic bone in the extremities of a 2nd us so theres that back. Hes still being prepared in the us but well get it back by the end of the year. I just finding another you missed during the next excavations is definitely one of my wishes. With pleasure im adding it to my list. In the quarry of tots hall found the book and are standing in the now petrified lake dating from the whole kent or scissor rally and 295000000 years ago these 2 paleontologists also have a wishlist. These still exist today clam shrimp. These bluish white shells were the houses of clam shrimp which are sort of like small crabs. In the tetrapods that swam in this lake these. And you can thank you because theyre also small crustaceans and here to. Maybe will also find some paragraph and. Theyre looking for a branch and other larger amphibians but they arent in the right layer yet the digger still needs to remove a few 1000 years of petrified time. Youre in the closet now weve reached the right stratum and should be long now for the tetrapods jump out again. When its. Lunch might get to mice are layers where you find a lot and think a lot has been preserved in the stratum one but there are others in which they are tightly packed here. We have the highest tetrapod density in the world gets flipped and there are areas with up to 1500. 00 small brink of sorry per square meter of time clock its like opening a tin of sardines in that thats how packed the brink you sorry sometimes are here thank you and bunches the real munch my good. The paleontologist spend about 500. 00 bronco sorry and a large skull. And many a time to do much. And then. Monday morning q. You dont see much at 1st. But you can open it with me and then you can see a bit more. And this is the inside of the skull. There you can see the skull cap its like this white cone kink on the other side which. You can see the palatino on. Wouldnt you and this is a large tooth that broke off at the base about one centimeter long. And centimeter long and this is a canine of the hard palate. We look at this canine has lebron to donte an unfolding of the dentate. Which tells us this is a labyrinth a daunting to do and i. Was all this all was about so wide and so long dozens of others relatively large. We were also able to recover other parts of the skeleton and we found the spine and some ribs both still preserved as if there are some blocks where we dont know whats inside yet so were hoping for more finds whats going through this is something really great because we dont have such big skulls from those of you yet. Care will be able to extract this with a few months of work. To the skull could belong to an accomplice stole the tops 2 years ago researchers found one in. Before that only small skulls and single skeleton bones from saxony had been excavated could there soon be a complete skeleton with every new find the picture of life 295000000 years ago becomes clear in the end of his own light is that whats special here in the ring is that the wrote this is eerie and is so exposed. Its a large section which is more than 3 to 4 kilometers thick if you keep the sense that the range in forest is a narrow Mountain Range so if i lifted up which means that everything is accessible from the deepest layers of the middle to the highest parts where the broad market can be found and little tiny piece of you personally i want a form of ultimate to. Im going to. Claim a. Lot of. Car culture. A hair. Cut. Stylish tall call to lead a. Lifestyle to the moment. 30 minutes. For writing is an act of liberation. For a novelist its a tremendously them some it is a all of our law of characters ross somethings going wrong thats maybe obvious except if they dont notice the artist. Told them the irish writer an exclusive new interview marks 21. 90 minutes on d w. Is the human race destroying itself. We are moving the basic elements of our existence. Were using too much water and moving. The bottom water juice english. Law we may think old Water Supplies will last forever. But the odd one the rainstorm. Starts march 20th on w. Each still tells my story. Of the people who planned me. Dedicated lives to me. I am not going down do come in. Please come my secrets. I have mounted my citys days for centuries and accompanied my country through its finest our lives until the day i mean. Nothing down to believe stands a good. This is the news live from to get its closing time in the city of los harris boss if they last drinks as france told us full nonessential businesses to close up its bank goes a step further and tells residents to remain inside their homes as youre pleased to control the spread of the corona pops. Here in germany shops remain open to many people still allan about theres plenty of evidence that they find shops for pay for potential clients. And in the us president Donald Trumps khurana by
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