Africa. Is already the most consumed meat in the world and fueled by the Global Demand for inexpensive meat the industry continues to grow in the United States the waste produced by industrial pig farms is a major problem you know we as we dont open the door you know we pretty much presume. China is the worlds biggest pork producer as chinese consumers become more affluent and demand continues to grow theres just not any and the french are on the planet if the chinese try to like americans what will happen amazon rain forest. To feed the pigs as cheaply as possible so it is being grown on a massive scale especially in brazil. We make the food that goes on the global populations table. So i cultivate in is helping to drive the deforestation of the amazon grown as a monoculture sign. Is impacting the whole world. Chinas population has now topped 1400000000 rising affluence has led to changes in peoples diets in the past rice of vegetables and noodles dominated while meat was rat but today pork has become increasingly popular. China consumes more than 50000000. 00 tonnes of polk a year thats more than half of the wilds production. There on this is the beginning of the slaughterhouse chain we saw her about 600. 00 pix per our equipment is imported from a dutch company. When this factory was built in the 1950 s. And 1998 i mean shifted to a large Scale Production of. The impact of chinas pork boom is being felt around the wild Chinese Companies all snapping up huge industrial pig farms like one in the u. S. State of North Carolina. Were owned by a traditional family farmers raising about 2000000 figure about 22000 of them they all got replaced by this factory system and initially she may feel foods in murphy were the owners of that there were american corporations but now theyve been bought out by a group called the dubby age group the old shumway corporation out of china its a Multinational Corporation headquartered in china you know very well so you know they made i understand their profits for the 1st quarter of this year. Just their net profit 1st quarter this year was 200000000. 00 and you look at all oh shes pulling you should you show they got the money to fix this whats whats all new everything up. About what sold everything up and the fact that they dont want to spend that money to fix a problem theyd rather externalized the cost of their waste treatment on people North Carolina. Were going to do this will fill my rule true soon as we go through one country i dont think up to everything we see all on the wire. And then a few spots on illegal discharges that will do some special filming. And. Massive farms with huge mineola goons extending as far as the eye can see. As a result of these industrial scale farms many local residents feel under siege. Not anti farmer or inside business in North Carolina were just. About doing it correctly and not polluting the citizens of North Carolinas waterways concentrating on the farms are in. Rural communities where the Community Need to have a voice to put up a fight to restrict these facilities are coming in here. And when they come in here they preach about having jobs in. The community but even their jobs are. What a Community Better would want their work in a slaughterhouse or working on. A farm is not easy work and its. Very rarely see the owners of these facilities living outside. L. C. Herring lives near one of these farms called k. Follows concentrated animal feeding operations. Display fields right here so well open up the windows on the sat this is the bathroom window room next door was my brothers being home and it went in this way is the kitchen window so we dont open these windows and i want to set this in this way for you if you fold her back here. To to suffer mommys house way back in the street that you cant see them from here. But if you see them from the mail route well when its peach morning that means its wrong so that means we are in jelly stuff when everything is in life you know how to place to urinate products the ammonia everything is in. You know in in we were in the cold is being released into our atmosphere so we can open our way as we dont open the doors you know we pretty much a prison i wont home but we do try to go out to his friend you have to hold your breath because going to congratulate you make out a store watering you make you stop coffee get the finicky monsoreau up in makeshift angry you know you get depressed because no one is listening and this just doesnt seem to me how someone could believe they did have a. To build animal which dont know believe Smithfield Foods but not just pull produce in the u. S. Is now owned by a chinese company. During the ninetys we saw 90 percent of all our hog farms disappear in the United States the cash market dwindled from 100 percent of the market to less than 5 percent of the market the majority of the animals now are raised under contract and so you saw this traditional profitable industry for raising hogs get wiped out and replace with this new way of raising animals that was industrialized and centrally controlled it was really a corporate takeover and it happened in a very short period of time. Most hog production today in the United States is produced in this industrial model its called vertical integration. Its the way it works is that a company will own the nursery where the hollands are born it will own the feed mill that produces the feed for the hawgs it owns the trucking lines the transport the hogs and even on to the slaughterhouse where the pigs are killed and turned into a variety of product. This was a business that used to be a pillar of Rural America and then it got taken over by smithfield and you know this is a company that had spent decades devouring independent firms in the United States and acquiring a kind of market share that never should have been allowed to fall under the umbrella of one firm it is not a good idea to allow one firm to control 30 percent of the entire market in the pork industry or Food Industry once that happen though it became a very attractive target for any kind. Overseas companies that could afford to buy just a huge sector of productive capacity in Rural America i mean were talking about thousands of large scale farms theres a lot of money being made raising pigs in the United States. The Chicago Mercantile Exchange is one of the biggest in the world Agricultural Commodities are also traded here. Down here this is this is now the financial room here were standing in so over here we have a bond option trading we have the bonds here or a cultural sector has been diminished over here which we still do the options on soybeans we need in corn we also do livestock china for years and years has been trying to eat like a westerner which we consume about 3400. 00 calories per day china is now approaching 2900 calories so theyve really caught up with where we are in couric and to china has the largest hog courtenay in the world accounting for about 47 percent of all pork productions but again when we look at me consumption or caloric consumption Going Forward its got to happen in countries like bangladesh nigeria pakistan india these are the going to be the big drivers of calories over the next 10 to 20 years heretofore they dont have the g. D. P. Rates to expand their Meat Consumption much like china didnt become a big meat consumer until the 20012002 period when its g. D. P. Level started to rally dramatically. Chinas hunger for pulque is driving Chinese Companies to scour the world in search of new production facilities and expertise d d. I think having us care park market is very important in china thats kind of the reason why. Now. Why they left smithfield. Americas largest part producer one i think they wanted access to supply but to. From what ive heard from smithfield executives is that they wanted to learn how the american pork operations work how we were able to produce so much pork on so very little land and that means that this american industrialized style of producing pork is being exported to china. When it comes to industrial meat production china has caught up with the west. Its mechanized and operates on a mass scale. Here 2. 00 in 1961 this was a small slaughterhouse for chickens and other animals beginning in 1902 the government encouraged facilities like this to become more efficient. They allowed us to grow one acquire new machinery in order to adopt a more industrial approach from 2003 to 2006 we experienced in hand you a growth rate of around 30 percent or so very amusing. When you are eating so many and was such a small space animals how is compromised antibiotics become used routinely. Both for illness prevention and to increase weight gain in animals. In general if you have a few pigs on a farm. Their waste is an asset its something you can spread on your fields its a fantastic fertilizer you have a complete nutrients like 0. But when you have 10000 or 20000 hogs in a small facility their waste is a huge liability. 160. 00 there was less than 10000000000. 00 animals killed per year. Today theres over 70000000000 and if the trajectory of meter fixation continues there will be 120000000000 killed for food by 2050. Industrialized our corporations effectively command about a 3rd of the worlds arable. Includes the majority of the worlds course Grain Production the biggest course grain the maize and and the huge source of oil so its principally soybean in the world you know and so there are these huge flows of grain and oil seed monocultures through what i call i once of concentrated. Solely cultivation is having a massive impact on industrial farming. Chinas hunger for meat is causing more and more to be planted for use as animal feed. China as a country consumes twice as much meat as the United States but each person is only consuming half as much as americans so more the chinese able to fully emulate the american diet its hard to say where that meat would come from already china is increasing its imports of pork its increasing its imports of soybeans that are fed to livestock whether its the pork the chicken before that or the farm fish their corporate a lot more soybean in their diet so the Chinese Government well aware of the dangers of famine having lived through the chinese famine where official records so some 36000000 people died they wanted to make sure that they could secure their food supply of homes. If the chinese try to like americans what will happen to the amazon rain forest. Where oh where will we find the land to grow that much for it to grow that much plain theres just not any empty frontiers anymore on the planet. The situation in brazil is a case in point in 21000 deforestation saward. President. Who took office early that year is keen to promote the countrys Agricultural Industry and saw is a linchpin so i monocultures have come to dominate places like sometimes i am in the brazilian state of part of our. Lives next to us so i plantation i have that right there behind our homes this is soybean plantation. Last summer. She. Sure head. Yes. I know that this is all plantation but were surrounded by soybean its all around us and. Were right in the middle of all this land used to be a family farm and yet now its been turned into a sort of monoculture and because its all grown to export none of it remains in brazil. A truck full of sawing has tipped over on a road in the state of missouri grosso workers are gathering up the valuable soybeans by hand. This used to be rain forest now its only fields stretching right out to the horizon. A local farmer shows us around. I cleared to hear the voice of the people for we started cultivating this was all forest it was cheap land. The only thing here was forest and trees of it all so. It looked the way it does on the other side of the road. Over the something we used to clear the land simply as a way to survive. This if this regions economy is almost entirely based on saw its economy and i hear you say servant this is our vocation for its all we know how to do. Is offering you the mantle we grow the food that ends up on the global populations table. And also the fires over with all of them probably soybean is an imported crop that we have adapted to conditions here. Sort of the most koreans as we realised that it grows very well here and that we have the right conditions for it. Sort of sitting over here bank units with the help of Gene Technology we slowly improve the soybeans. Only and then weve got available today we have varieties specifically developed for our region. And they can see those from australia. We pay a visit to an agricultural trade fair in look us the real bad in the state of. Soybeans have made a number of rich here including. I had a small farm in rio grande and. I had 15 hectors. Drove here with a small truck to help my uncle who was moving here. I was young and very enthusiastic. And i thought i could make a good future for myself here. I was lucky and many Different Things came together i was in the right place in the right time exactly when the world began asking for more protein and food i had a dream an unusual dream almost a fantasy. Then unfortunately reality has proved even better than my dreams. My company has 270000 hectares under cultivation. I. Have publicly listed the company and sold 70 percent of its stock and now i am a shareholder and advisor so you think. Theyre like you know going to seal it building we said. Oh look im all in brazil and in the entire Southern Hemisphere somebody has to spearhead of a new model of capital production called agribusiness soit is a standardized grain which has become a commodity its the same all over the world its easy to grow in a very large scale. Here in brazil some of our soil farms cover 240000 hectares. So. Yallop think mirror kind of the Global Market is controlled by only 5 companies bunga monsanto a. D. M. Cargill and dreyfus. They speculate with the prices speculate with stocks and manipulate the market. Theyve managed to transform soy into the main ingredient in animal feed. Pig feed cow feed and chicken feed that means that saw is now a very important raw material in human nutrition. The world has become one giant pigsty corporations use soil as if it were the only food we have in the world. Do. We have the same seeds the same micro chemicals the same Trading Companies the same price setting mechanisms the same players its a very homogeneous Production System even though its very diverse and its untrue gratian into a radically different systems than the social settings its a Production System that generates its own how much. Navy in order to be able. To 10 this Global Market. Share in this region that produces mainly come from other countries. But some of them come from russia grosso and patton our. Local people have also started planting it. Yeah maybe theyve realized that its good business. But most of the people who plant so i come from abroad. They also use a lot of machinery and those machines take our jobs that were back in my back shed our hardly any people work in those fields. Business so more work for local people and my initiation not the plantations hire a few to drive tractors project right now back. Here but apart from that they do all the work themselves act like you and your family should be sure it was coming up the rectifies that. This building houses the sometime rain farm workers union. Local people are benefiting very little from the soybean boom. Smallholder farmers cant compete with the industrial farming operations which can produce more efficiently. What have you got their soybeans. No theres no so here. You know you hear some of them. Are products arent worth anything. Only the big farms can make money. On the small ones can you not think. You can try to plant corn and then where are you going to sell it you know in the end theres no profit to be had then. The markets only for big growers if you want to plant soil you need big machine tractors we cant afford that kind of equipment but i. Saw has not made for small holders its that simple. Im going to just rather just about that we have a lot of different ways to fight the past and down all those pests end up in our fields so when we plant beans now we end up with nothing. They use pesticides and the insects and up in our fields. We cant do anything about it. But. We used to plant beans and would fill 2 entire sense of them its true. Now weve stopped planting. The pests from the land that belongs to the rich people come here and destroy our seeds they get it right. In the United States in china cant they just destroy their own forests to plant soybeans. Why do they have to come to brazil and exploit our resources have offered africa like africa has kani of forest why dont they go there maybe they dont work hard enough or they have more nurse but my mother. Has in fact reached africa mozambique is nearly 10000 kilometers from brazil but Brazilian Companies are moving in trying to secure vast tracts of land for soybean farming. The agribusiness project is being promoted by the pro savannah program. The brazilian farmers are going to africa because most beaks government is leasing land at a very cheap price to create new plantations. Mozambique is giving brazilian farmers a 6000000. 00 hector area is 3 times bigger than 38. 00 and almost for free its going to be a lease that will allow for the cultivation of soy cotton and corn mainly for the chinese market. But. Were Company Human rights activist jeremy s. When johnny on a visit to the not collar region a lot of land here is slated to go to the brazilians. Are you doing good and you. I and my friend thank you. Very good sewing time. Just rain. Yes it rained a lot we might have a good harvest this year and the next one. But i think. Ok. We dont have enough land here. We already have conflicts among ourselves. If investors calm the conflict will become worse if. The land belongs to the people of mozambique. Were not against development. But we believe that the community should be consulted despite what our government says we dont eat soybeans we eat our local crops and. We gave the government some advice before implementing the project they need to involve local farmers. What happened instead is that meetings were not public not at the district or at the national level. Weve been threatened and intimidated. Many farmers are facing criminal charges but i mean. What im. Saying so you believe the promise of anna is not helping farmers and we. Know it is not good for us. Is a joint Program Involving mozambique japan and brazil its official goal is to promote development in the region. When civic organizations investigated the situation and we realised that. It was an umbrella project on an on by design to pave the way for big investors and agribusiness giants and. Anyone who was interested in taking control of water land and Natural Resources and they call it a corridor of mozambique. And thats what i lose out on local farmers were displaced. Not. Just stunned yesterday and 5000000 people in the region have been affected by them then it was a song that youve even then this others you dont consider going to see and you know. This is is this your land i mean is this land you want to occupy because this is just a declaration you do not have a certificate for land use this is only a statement about where you live. You used it specifies where your community lives and operates but the certificate does not have human rights to use the land thats why you have to be careful someone else could have laid claim to a land use certificate of the Community Needs to fight to get the proper documentation up and if we dont deal with the situation it might soon be too late that thats about. 2016 opponents of the president a program organized a major protest they succeeded in convincing the government to suspend it. And one thing want to thank you for a long time mozambiques government implemented its policies without any outside input and now they finally been challenged by an opposition movement. By a farm workers who said that this is not the way to promote Agricultural Development you know if you move it you know they showed that it is possible to resist to protest and to say no. No. There is. Always you are the ones who are sustaining this country. 90 percent of the food that we needed most and because produced by Small Farmers not by Big Companies or by projects from brazil or who knows where. We have to be very careful with these big projects become here and promise all kinds of things but when these projects and what do they do they leave they move somewhere else to pursue other goals whatever the market demands. Despite some small successes in places like mozambique around the world Meat Consumption continues to soar and with it the saw industry. In brazil new plantations are concentrated in the Amazon Region. President both scenarios policies are posing an additional threat to this fragile ecosystem. Dont think that was one this is a map of the Amazon Region where the side of everything in red is land thats been deforested it makes up 19 percent of the rain forest. This area which begins in red on you is known as the ark of deforestation. 62 percent of this area is soybean monoculture. Another 6 percent are mixed crops but even that includes a lot of soybean. Was. Taking rain forests and plowing that. Monoculture turns up an awful lot of carbon but its been stored in the soil stored in the forests so that that those vast monocultures and met a lot of Greenhouse Gases just in turning it over the 1st time but then every time theyre plowing you have the emissions from. I have a cultural machinery itself and then you have the emissions of crushing the so it means processing it and shipping them back to china so that honestly i dont see intensive. Process. In the context of Climate Change how do we reduce our very cultural footprint in landscapes and then have Carbon Sequestration clearance of tropical rain forests for either past year or large scale monocultures has has enormous quantum implication in terms of release of carbon from those infosystems and in the case of industrial monocultures to make them i think make those nutrient poor soils productive for farming require earth very considerable fertiliser like you know brazil whats happening here in brazil is a crime and Agricultural Crime to plant soya in this tropical humid region you have to bring fertiliser here from china. Niger germany and phosphate from who knows where. You brought diana produce he was picked on as the only way of us to struggle here does not have enough of those elements. Think that as you force far to the new say on this is a mistake its throwing nature out of balance. And its destroying biodiversity in this area. Goes here in the southern amazon in model grow so you can drive 200 kilometers without seeing any other crop plants all you see is soil and there are no people either because so it displaces people too. You know then my easy empty source was his business or. Will the rich biodiversity of the region be replaced by saudi monoculture. Simpleton. Were importing 20000000. 00 tonnes of additives each year nitrogen fertilizers and pesticides. Brazil has become the Worlds Largest consumer of pesticides. Brazil consumes 20 percent of the worlds press to side production. Its absurd we consume an average of 5 liters of pesticide per person in a rural area since an average of 15 liters per hectare. Theres no University Department of agriculture anywhere in the world that says you need 15 leaders of pesticides to grow one hectare of soybeans. Easy leaves even and. Today so i plantations in brazil already cover an area the size of germany. Eels a high in pot thanks to heavy use of pesticides. These are the beans weve just harvested. Do you eat them. They eat no no i prefer not to we sprayed them with the various products. We have to wait a while before eating them. Its very bitter we are do you want to try one of the. Animal feed destined for chinas pork chicken and beef industry the trade war with the us has also encouraged china to buy it saw it from brazil. It makes no sense to take these soybeans for a model grocer or put them on a truck and drive 3000 kilometers to a port and travel another 20000 kilometers on board a ship to reach another port in china and then travel another 2000 kilometers by train until they reach a factory farm where the soyuz used to feed chickens. Saw is rich in protein and cheap the ideal animal feed for industrial livestock farming around the world. As a result of globalization brazil is destroying its rain forest to grow soybeans. This saw ends up on the other side of the world in chinese pig farms and european ones. China has announced plans to consummate consumption in huff by 2030. Not long ago a swine fever outbreak killed vast numbers of pigs in china. But in the long production is likely to rise again. Chinas rising middle class is unlikely to lose its taste for meat. I think a lot they have a microchip in their ears called an ear tag. Now and i mean you know we monitor that are constantly using a computer or an i pad. Industrial farming is growing ever more efficient thanks to soybean feed and the use of high tech. Industrialised meat production leads to rock bottom prices. And. The narrative that the world must double its Food Production by 2050 as we move from 7000000000 people today to 9 to 10000000000 people central to that is rising livestock production and consumption that is this inevitable force in world agriculture and that is something that i think needs to be fundamentally be stabilized. Its not inevitable that human beings will continue consuming more and more animal flesh per person we dont need to be doubling Food Production we need to be producing food in very different ways and thinking about as a very fundamental part of reconfiguring agricultural setting and there are. Some people are hoping to reverse this trend back in the u. S. We need jute back an organic farmer in iowa he puts a premium on quality over quantity. For me its obvious that we need to eat less meat and people criticize me because this is iowa and we have a lot of meat production here though so jude you cant say that you can say to me less meat but why why why who is being hurt by this if its healthy to eat less meat than wouldnt the farmers and i would be better to produce a special kind of high quality meat to have less animals but get paid more and i think that everybody. I would be better off financially had better off health and health wise at the end of the day but. People are afraid because a large integrated companies would lose money so. You can save things public. In North Carolina some pick farmers are also trying to make the switch to organic but they cant match the rock bottom prices of the major produces price is the top criterion for most consumers says organic farmer calvin not trouble we want to run into the Grocery Store you know the Super Walmart and we want grab something we look down on it says you know certified organic. You know and thats maybe 50 to 60 percent more than something that was grown over here. I dont want that i can afford it but you know what you still get the almighty dollar stuff in your pocket because you just saved yourself 50 percent because you bought something that who knows what they were doing to it or who knows how they were growing. Saw him on a concha and industrialized livestock farming how long can this system of cheap meat production be sustained. Let me say it this way. As our population begins to grow and grow and. One day there will be no me how the human beings i have a grain like they did many years ago absent which make i go wow its going to its already you can think more people with solar bains colborne and you can would make if you want the faintest im just starving worrell tried out but you know all these cows and stuff like that and think that people want they can get to feel or believe. Somebody wants to make money but make our map we will feed the wirral if you want to feed the world you can be most worried with graining you jane would make. Sure of. What unites. What defines. 35 lives driving force. What binds the continent together. For answers and stories aplenty. Spotlight on people. Focus. 90 minutes on w. They were forced into a nameless mass. Their bodies near tools of. The history of the slave trade is africas history. It describes how the week for power and profit plummeted an entire continent into chaos and violence the slave system created the greatest player and accumulation of wealth a world had ever seen up to that time this is the journey back into the history of slavery. I think we will truly be making progress when we all accept the history of slavery as all of our history. Our documentary series slavery routes starts march 9th on d. W. This is deja vu news live from berlin at least 11 people are dead after a shooting near frankfurt here in Germany Police in the town of can now say the suspected gunman has been found dead in his home well have the latest from our correspondent asked the scene also coming up. President trying to names the u. S. Ambassador to germany richard gere now as the acting director
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