That the world has changed weather is getting more extreme. The day be a struggling one the talking with people on the moon in the millions than a talking up of people in the billions of drought floods. Hurricanes vast areas are being devastated by environmental catastrophe how many people will be forced to leave their homes by the mid century not due to conflict and war but due to Climate Change we appear to be on the path to a troubling future. Is that the way. From mr hill region to Southeast Asia from the pacific to the caribbean some people are fleeing rising waters others drought. The worlds population began to soar about 200 years ago soon it will top 10000000000. 00 Greenhouse Gases are rising a pace the resulting warming of the earths atmosphere is wreaking havoc on the climate humankind which is responsible for this warming is becoming its victim more and more people are forced to leave their homes. Inequality is being exacerbated by Climate Change wealthy industrialized nations are polluting our air while the main victims live in the global south for example in indonesia. Pontypool hadia which means happy peach lives on the indian ocean due to rising seas and heavy rainfall the village is sinking into the sea. The flooding continues even now during dry season. The local primary school. Is down and smells of rot parents say conditions are intolerable and more than half the children have been taken out of school. Teachers in primary grades. He attended this school himself and is determined to persevered. His classroom flooded for the 1st time in 2013. But learned that conditions here are very very difficult for us we often have to send the Children Home when the classrooms bloody the children sit with their legs in water. Regular instruction has become impossible the children are falling behind within the next 5 or 6 years rahmatullah believes the school will be submerged. It will be abandoned along with the village. What will it look like here 3 decades from now in the year 2050. Dam there will be the most extreme conditions off of the head forward with our 7000 islands a lot of coast and that will be if not by the sea so life will not be the same as here theres a lot of illness there will be plagues and the. Growth of the whole world will be disturbed by horizontal strife. One against the other because fighting for food water maybe erasure that very sad picture and 2050. For the for the Indonesian Special envoy the catastrophic impact of unchecked Climate Change is the biggest challenge facing. In human time today about 10 years ago the topic was barely on the radar. Jakarta the capital of indonesia with some 10000000 residents its the largest city in Southeast Asia around 30000000 people live in the metropolitan area making it the 2nd largest urban conglomeration in the world. And if the fish markets are located in North Jakarta the scent of the ocean lies in the air mixing with the odors of the city. Just a few kilometers from the city center the problems confronting this tropical metropolis become apparent residents struggle with small heat heavy traffic pollution population density and poor hygenic conditions and with increasing frequency flooding. The slum district of data is located near the airport its 5000 residents used to live near the sea but these days it almost looks like they live in it. Eco zoom are no has lived in since the 1970 s. He and his neighbors have watched the rising sea level with concern. At least once a month the flooding reaches his knees. Sometimes the water remains 2 days sometimes a week. It followed it here for the 1st time around the year 2000. First it was just a few centimeters. Since 2010 the flooding has been getting higher and higher but its never been as bad as it is now. In jakarta the districts closest to the coast face the biggest. Problems poor neighborhoods like the top will be among the 1st to me complete relocation. Of the slums most at risk are situated along a wide corridor that snakes through the city says urban planner marco cousteau might be. Floods all around only because the area is in the flood stage he was so ops teams in the city center up there got the video from one of his. Job is director of the root jack center for urban studies which searches for solutions for climate related problems right now their focus is the depletion of groundwater from the area the declining water table has even more serious consequences than rising sea levels. Its causing the ground to sink and large parts of the city with it it may get it you know most of the other because on the big dark the sea level rises at between 4 to 6 millimeters but youre but was is that the law. Is subsiding by. Tree to 20 sente meters. In february 2013 nearly half of jakarta was underwater. Scenes like this are likely to become increasingly common. Ocean levels continue to rise the land is collapsing and heavy rains are becoming more frequent. About one 3rd of jakarta is currently below sea Level Environmental problems are causing a growing number of people to flee the city but most want to remain or have no other choice in an effort to protect the capital the government has begun building a seawall. But only 6 of the plan 50 kilometers have been built. And even their water is finding its way through its becoming clear that every. Thing located directly on the water will one day fall victim to it like this mosque. The bad things actually most of all who are neighborhoods will be flooded because rich neighborhoods have raised them so you know but exactly because of the reasons you get all so the water. Will actually flow into the surrounding poor neighborhoods. Poor districts located along one of jakartas 13 rivers often stay submerged for weeks when the floodwaters rise. Areas near the chilly one river are most at risk like this low income district by the chilly one tributary tom call situated just 400 meters from the ocean the drivers housekeepers fishermen construction workers and such that live here all face Climate Change related risks this estimated that 65 percent for play should will be directly. Affected by stray day which is a lot of people 65 percent of the 300000000 fail at 1000000 this 170000000 people in. An island nation and 6000 men said that. This would be destroyed if they came up with figures of 14000000 for 0000000 because they are the cost side of people and those are prone to the effects of landslides. 1000000 people. For. Those involved may have to leave their homes. In. Indonesia is prone to a variety of natural disasters like loans to mudslides flooding to drought but there is one place that is that risk of all of these the island of java. And its here that one of the worlds most densely Populated Areas is located in jakarta. The citys infamous traffic jams last almost until midnight only to resume again at dawn. More than 3500000 people commute into the city every day. And. Just 100 kilometers southeast the bustle of jakarta is a distant memory. Share in your district is that you waited at the foot of to an active volcanoes. Its one of jobs most fertile farming regions. But. The rice vegetables and fruit grown here help feed the countrys capital the village of surrounding is accessible only by motorbike or on foot. Due to door only runs a small Coffee Plantation here like his father and grandfather he is a farmer. Comfy used to be a safe choice it fetched a better price than vegetables and was hardier than rice. But thats changing. When i was younger all farmers would plant during rainy season so january february and march. And then everyone would harvest during dry season. But now my colleagues and i are desperate. Because its often dry in the rainy season and in the dry season it rains. We are paying the price for Climate Change our harvests have dropped massively by about 60 percent. Nearly half of local farmers have given up theyve moved to other parts of indonesia or left the country altogether. Some have become construction workers in saudi arabia but due to roni doesnt want to join them. I cant imagine doing anything else. But i will stay here as long as possible but im a farmer thats who i am. Im going to try to somehow it down to Climate Change if its too dry when its time to plant for example ill just wait. For these mountainous regions dont just supply food to the cities and therefore also help store rainwater but extreme weather conditions are growing increasingly common here and still forests are falling victim to logging leaving rainwater to flow unhindered into the valley sometimes the water sweeps away everything in its path. Mudslides have had fatal consequences these images state some 20172018. Special climate envoy veto law says that by mid century Climate Change will have forced 40000000 people to flee their homes in indonesia alone farmers who could no longer till their fields slum dwellers whose 10 roof tuts have sunk into the sea 2. Most experts agree that its the worlds coldest regions that have become the cauldron for Climate Change these are the arctic the antarctic alaska and much of the permafrost of russia 2. Nikita zeem all trained as a mathematician. But his father sergei is lifelong commitment inspired nikita to change course. Now like his father he has dedicated his life to preserving russias permafrost. Hes come to the collimator river in northeastern siberia an 8 hour flight from moscow to gather evidence that the permafrost is vanishing. The ground has warmed up to 3 degrees celsius causing the top layer of the ice to melt. One side effect is that more and more rare fossils are surfacing. For paleontologists this would be a treasure trove. A field of riches from the distant pleistocene epoch. So think of the. Moments where. Not the biggest one but every state. 20 so here was in the present because this new here was huge and on every square kilometer on one mama and there were 4000 years and all there was here on the square kilometer maui around 600 going to things so every once in awhile there. All along the soil is a road sliding into the river as a consequence of the melting permafrost. Nikitas the moss calls plants like these zombies because the soil in which they are growing was barren for 40000 years. This vegetation will also soon end up in the river. The changes taking place here could soon be a reality across wide expanses of russia. And it could also have a dramatic impact on the Global Climate and mass migration of peoples for there is an immense amount of biomass still trapped within the palm of frost. If that trapped c o 2 in methane were to be released into the atmosphere the pace of Climate Change would increase dramatically. So theres a group of grasses which grew here maybe i dont 40000 years ago and there were over that this is huge storage of carbon and they call this little roof and put them on the one side of the balance and on the other side of the balance put all the above ground vegetation of the point of the way school trees and shrubs of the good you will see that they started but it was weak more. And the bill for us will start to degrade everywhere all these will become of will for microbes to eat and they will very soon to Greenhouse Gases. Thats ice pure eyes out there and you see when this ice is melting the water is mixing with this soil and creating this month children down the thaw and they get additions have been very rapidly here so its a combination of both a lot of carbon and there was a fight and thats a give you a very rapid carbon bomb for every problem that will be happening with the Global Warming worldwide with this thing will be a problem for a fight so you can do it to see if its going to be bad somewhere it will turn very bad so if there is a way to stop that from happening like we need to apply that because if not you know. You can write any apocalyptic scenarios you want and probably most of them will come true. Its breakfast time in nikita z. Moss guest house. Interest in permafrost has soared over the past decade so now the guest rooms here at the station are usually booked year round with researchers from all over the world. This is the group from Oxford University here to study the transformations currently underway in what used to be frozen earth. During the soviet era this enormous satellite used to broadcast Television Programming from moscow. Is the last turned the station into a home base for scientists from around the world. Yeah well so the data that has been collected in siberia and across russias far east are alarming normally the vegetation binds Greenhouse Gases in the summer and only releases very small amounts back into the atmosphere in winter. So out here you can see that. Here one of the weve just. Got of course but for the past few years the permafrost that stalling more and more in the summer is releasing ever increasing amounts of methane and c o 2 during the winter. 2 the moment the biosphere is acting as a focus a as a friend as a motor brake on Climate Change so if about 40 percent of the Carbon Dioxide we emit is being absorbed by the biosphere and thats acting to slow down Climate Change if i wasnt happening Climate Change of even faster than that it is but one of the big concerns we have as a system scientists is understanding how long will the biosphere keep acting as a. Reich and is there a danger that at some time in the future. If this break will turn into accelerate. Scientists from all over are turning their attention to the permafrost and its potential impact on Climate Change. This group of researchers from prague is being hosted by the institute of applied ecology of the north in the republic of soka. The researchers have just returned from a crater that is carved into the permafrost. These soil samples are a gift to the institute. In return the researchers hope to obtain permission to exhibit some of their spectacular finds in a museum at home remains of a mammoth and the mummified remains of an extinct horse from the pleistocene epoch you. Fear. There would be if they were. In the crater in which the fossilized remains were found was named the bottom gaika crater but locals call it the gateway to the underworld. And its easy to see why. In the 1960 s. A small section of forest was cleared to make way for a new road. The problem frost originally beneath the trees began eroding. At 1st the hole was just a few meters deep. The stupid move on average the make a crater is between 40 and 60 meters deep and in some places its 100 meters deep its 1. 5 kilometers long and about one kilometer wide right now but its hard to determine exactly how wide it is. Because its expanding so quickly because these kinds of catastrophic events could become increasingly common and not just in residential areas but anywhere in the wilderness wherever there are pipelines and natural gas facilities our entire infrastructure could be impacted. As opposed to. Most of the cities in siberia and in russias far east could be affected about 25000000 people in all. How big would the impact be if all the worlds permafrost were to melt so far there isnt enough cross Regional Research to answer that but there are findings regarding the polar region from a global terrestrial network for permafrost in 1906 the problem frost melted to a depth of 45 centimeters in the summer by 2017 it melted to a depth of 87 centimeters a nearly 100 percent increase over just 20 years. This poses a danger to both people and infrastructure. Natural gas and Oil Pipelines are particularly affected. Greenpeace has estimated that leaks in pipelines caused by falling soil are leading to about one percent of oil being lost that oil some 5000000. 00 tons of it each year seeps into the ground. The residents of the arctic city of chere ski in the far northeast of russia are bearing witness to this rapid transformation. Temperatures are rising in exorbitant. Asphalt on the streets is beginning to buckle. And several buildings are showing signs that the solid ground on which they once stood has begun to sink. The city of chere ski on the river is also home to nikita zene off. Even though temperatures drop here to minus 60 degrees celsius in the winter the erosion of the permafrost soil appears unstoppable. This is especially apparent at the former Water Treatment plant. Like all the buildings here it stands on pillars. The earth began to sink here just 2 years ago now the crater is already 10 meters deep. Into the ground is going good so what it was here a week ago that with on those 2 points with you in the air and now we came there already could come up down and there is a huge nice going underneath there for the way this is this ice has been there all of it and eventually all that flow through coops so this process kind of go in and its you know centimeters a day maybe tens of something with us today when the whole day of the week of cities in the powerful and now with climate getting warm up there for the both are getting warmer and we begin to bake and it off like that so all the infrastructure in the next few decades will probably become up. Elsewhere the heat of the sun is relentless this is cameroon and central africa. Here in the stream bed of the mile below river signs of despair are everywhere. From. The north of cameroon receives 2 months of rainfall a year at most in august and september during the rest of the year people must walk far to find water or dig deep. Older people who live here say that water used to flow abundantly through the mile below river into the local river and eventually discharging into lake chad. But those days are gone. They do what kind of power works for the Current Charity organization in the region his job is to ward off the looming humanitarian catastrophes. Access to Drinking Water is an enormous problem for people and animals here in the far north of cameroon. Often visits villages near the provincial capital of my roula today. Home to many herders. Has been a social worker for many years and knows the signs of an impending humanitarian catastrophe. In the summer of 2018 the region was on the brink. Oh my god i feel a little nana only women used to fetch my own but now its so bad the entire family has to help. Now when young people want to build a house they have no water when we want to work there is no water a young man wants to be a farmer or work in sales and there is no water. So its already begun young men are leaving theyre going to the big cities john day and. People are starting to leave. We no longer know how we will be able to manage. The drought is especially hard on people who must find water not just for their families but also for their livestock left. The guy gulf who believes he is about 60 years old and has always tended his herds. Now its so dry that he. His songs are running out of options. This animal feed was harvested the Previous Year by now its completely dried out and there isnt much left. If the next month doesnt bring rain the family fear the worst. If their livestock die they will be left with nothing. Had been the spring is 6 kilometers away we have to fetch water twice a day just to have barely enough for our cattle the goats and my family. Over the past 1015 years the situation has grown much worse thats why young people arent able to stay in their villages theyre forced to leave to go to the cities theres no future for them here. Young people are moving away because the lack of water is stealing their future herders are having to leave but the cities because their livestock died of thirst traitors Grain Farmers and hunters people from across northern cameroon are leaving their homes they are climate refugees a sign of things to come. But climate is hardly ever the only reason behind a decision to migrate poverty is often a factor fear of terror attacks can also play a role. Most of the people gathered here fled from the Islamist Group boko haram in neighboring nigeria. They are now unintentionally contributing to the desperate situation facing local cameroonians. People stand in line for up to 8 hours to receive a few kilos of food. They wait quietly and patiently and despite the brutal heat. There are 200 sacks of millet and corn 430000 people this help is urgently needed but its only a drop in the but. Do you get in here are. The. Ones. That. Are devoted to making us wonder weve already seen several waves of migration. People keep trying to make their way south to find farmland in areas where theres more rain. Many people have left here heading south. So depressed. That. If you did youre. Here in the mid may region the rains used to begin in april. Now the rains come in late may. And ive sometimes in early june. Almost got in the past it rained until october. A lot if you see but last year the rains ended in august. Thats a disaster for us farmers and many. In order to farm properly soil must remain moist for at least 4 months out of the year experts call this the 120. 00 day line if rain last less than 4 months soil will grow arid grain cultivation becomes impossible and livestock die. In the say hill region this line between survival and disaster is moving ever further south toward the equator where theres more rain from 970 to 2016 up to 100 kilometer wide stretches of land that were once arable have become desert. As a result hundreds of camps have a risen in this a hill region filled with people who have lost their livelihoods temperatures reach 45 degree celsius in the shade and 60 degrees in the full sun. People here live at the edge of despair reliant on food deliveries from ngos. The certain gold and her family live in one of these camps they havent a food for now and access to a water pump. But when they fled the drought they lost their independence. Their fields where they used to plant millet and onions grew arid. Lisa her husband and their 5 children are climate refugees. You see suffering so much. Theres no rain and we have no water we dont have enough water to grow anything. People here are heading south. Hoping that theyll be able to grow crops there and find something to eat. In Southeast Asia flooding is driving people from their homes. In africa its the devastating drought. Cameroon is suffering as is neighboring chad. Lake chad which lent its name to the entire region is the only natural source of water in the area. Researchers from the International Organization for migration have come to the region surrounding lake chad to investigate the connection between Climate Change and the rise of climate migration. Mashal remove reload of the Un Migration Organisation has spent years in this the hill region every encounter and every conversation adds another layer of detail to his preliminary findings. Today maria will and his team are visiting a camp for displaced people near lake chad. Under the shadow of a nearly barren tree he speaks with Mohammed Abraham the head of the family. Came tells no real oh he is a herder the family suffered a terrible ordeal before finally arriving at lake chad it was heat and lack of water that drove him from their home. Climate change has a huge impact on us herders if theres no rain no plants grow and without green plants to eat our animals die so we heard our hit very hard by this. From the chart which upside. Down side and your side all depended on this source you can realize that this leg is unique its just a fresh what we feel. So many lives are dependent on this if. It to c. D. s. Because we got there. We can hardly talk about living. In 1963 lake chad covered in the area of 25000 square kilometers. By 2007 it was just 2500 square kilometers more than 90 percent smaller and the lake continues to shrink. If the lake were to completely dry up more than 15000000. 00 people would probably become climate refugees and this figure does not take into account the rate of population growth. Lake chad remains a life source for millions of people but as it continues to shrink water is becoming an ever scarcer and more valuable resource. And so our arable land and the fish in the lake as lake chad gets smaller competition for these resources will become increasingly bitter. Even now fishermen in the region are competing for dwindling stocks of carp nile perch and telepathy or. Weve Climate Change there is a key impact on the like in that it it affects the distribution and department of fish and use that in mind its fishing industry as well so its it touches on the major Level Strategies of people on doing this sort of thing this namely farm house it does and fisherman. The region surrounding like chad is emblematic of the close connection between Climate Change and migration. And what would you know if theyre not passed we had a lot of fish good fish we sold them here for over in nigeria but now they have problems with terrorists and here we have no more fish in our lake. From lake chad to indonesia farmers can no longer rely on predictable seasons for planting and harvesting the climate has become a threat there are hurricanes cyclings drought flooding mudslides and wildfires and the melting permafrost could soon exacerbate all of those around the globe. On the American Continent people are fleeing drought in northern brazil in the caribbean and the Southern United States its hurricanes. In africa people are leaving the eriks the hill region some will likely head north to europe. In spain italy and greece people will also flee the rising heat. In asia coastal regions are vanishing under rising oceans people are fleeing to Higher Ground in river deltas like bangladesh. The south sea islands will be completely submerged. How many people will have become climate refugees by 2050 we know the moment approximately 20000000 people are being displaced every year just numbers more or less true for the last decade so we can say that on the Climate Change population growth possibly more vulnerable populations this number is going to grow if you look today we know that every year at least 25000000 people flee so fast forward 30 years. So thats why i think if youve got to figure out 100 millions is not the very highest in that suit and they insult to do this you must if i had to estimate id say maybe a 5th or a quarter of the worlds population will be forced to migrate. So thats about 2 to 3000000000 people. Do you speak this language. This music should your attempts. To feel at home. And does this secure heart racing. Come to the right place. 30 minutes ago w. To call. The list and some. Ways the closest relationship. To the 1st time facing instances of top flight teams to get. This german News Conference coming up. Next you cant believe it really ends. In 60 minutes. Invites a. Just to see people in particular that i like to see as the kids. Might turn. On you to. The studio when news live from berlin donald trump abruptly canceled secret peace talks with the taliban and us president says the move is in response to a Taliban Attack in kabul because this be the end of the Peace Process seeking to wrap up the u. S. Theres longest war also coming up to russia and ukraine currently a widely anticipated Prisoner Exchange there were emotional scenes as families were reunited at the airports and moscow and kiev. And in tennis canadian teams
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