Is known as the father of india but throughout his life while hundreds could im shotgunned evoked mixed feelings he was viewed alternatively as a fanatic or an eccentric reactionary revolutionary saint almost saya or as a man who must be killed. He championed a philosophy of nonviolence only to die at the hand of an assassin. He led a peaceful Resistance Movement to free india from british rule yet independent india was born as an ally of brazil carnage. Emit sectarian killings on an unprecedented scale gandhi risked his life to preach nonviolence until his dying day. On january thirtieth nine hundred forty eight he was killed by a hindu nationalist with three shots to the chest. In one thousand nine hundred eighty one gandhi was interviewed by an american journalist in. York. And. If you could read. The late brother of gandhis assassin was jailed for almost two decades at the time of that interview he was eighty five years old and recalled every detail of the plot im going to say but there are not put im going to say. Not that im going to say well theyre one who assassinated gandhi ji then long as. The hero was. Nine hundred forty eight i do not get burned. Water i mean disappeared to india weve already there to bed persons. Will be dispersed not live. In the indian capital delhi there are several sites dedicated to the memory of the man to whom the poet to gore gave the name mahatma great soul. This somebody the site where gandhis body was cremated on a funeral pyre of sandal wood in accordance with hindu funeral custom. The National Gandhi museum and a large house converted into a Memorial Museum after gandhi was assassinated on its grounds. Every day crowds of visitors flock there from all over the country bengal and Kerala Pradesh and money poor. Many indians rich or poor still see it as their duty to make the pilgrimage and pay homage. To the atmosphere feels more like a temple and a museum. One room has a series of dire armas depicting key scenes from gandhis life. Visitors remove their shoes to approach the spot where the mahatma fell to the assassins bullets. Press goes photographs gandhis meager personal belongings his notebooks walkingstick letters even his blood stained clothes everything related to the life of the father of the nation has been preserved. When one hundred gandhi was born in eight hundred sixty nine india was firmly under britains imperial young. Like his father he seemed destined to palance. His family belong to the banya canst hard working merchants from western state. Gandhis marriage at the age of thirteen was a ranged he and his wife cast about would have four children. When he was sixteen his father gravely ill. Described him as a devoted son. Gandhi felt that he. His father the time he was dying and hopefully he wanted to actually be with him at the hour of his death. But on that particular day when his father became critically ill he. Felt more attracted to his wife and he was actually in the act of making love to her at the moment when his father died and a lot of historians. Gandhis life feel that this was really something that. To his sexuality led eventually to his deciding to renounce a sexual relationship with his wife. After promising his bar exams in london sunday returned to india to practice law but soon went on to take up a short Term Position in south africa he ended up staying for twenty years. Initially. In south africa had lived the life of a rich he had a quite an affluent lifestyle he hadnt really. Changed become this very ascetic person dressed in. Clothes and so on he was wearing western style so serious living well. But then on a train journey to pretoria a white passenger objected to gandhis presence in a first class carriage and though he had a first class ticket he was thrown off the train he resolved to stay and fight for indian equality in south africa. When he returned to india in one thousand nine hundred fifteen gandhi was a changed man. The barrister had become a political activist trading his english suit and tie for a dhoti the traditional dress of the indian poor he says how to familiarize himself with the social problems in his homeland travelling by train across the country always in third class. The movement for Indian Independence was gaining momentum gandhi addressed crowds in every town and village he visited he spoke of Human Dignity justice and independence. Across the country nationalists organized bonfire protests to burn textiles imported from england gandhi launched his charkha all spinning will movement. He declared it the patriotic duty of every indian to spend two hundred yards of cotton thread a day and to boycott textiles produced in the mills of manchester and liverpool. To become a symbol of the commitment of the nationalist corps to every every move. To sit down and to get out your Spinning Wheel to spin your cotton thread and they became very skillful at it you know they would spend hours every day doing this im going the saugus of something which was it was it was almost a Spiritual Task of of spending you know for the good of the nation. In nineteen thirty gandhi led to three weeks all to march walking three hundred fifty eight kilometers to the village of dandy on the arabian sea where he defined the british self monopolies by lifting and auctioning off just for the songs. He and his followers were arrested but it was a victory for the man who churchill contemptuously called the half naked for. Coverage of the march captured the worlds attention. And he had an innate sense of symbolism and mass communication. In them on there seems like a contradiction paradoxical for a man who came across as an ascetic someone who renounced worldly things in search of spiritual salvation. But he was a great politician and a great communicator. Gandhis weapons with civil disobedience and nonviolent resistance the british countered with truncheons. Colonial repression was often brutal prison. Gandhi was jailed seven times for a total of. Eight times serving nine years. From the beginning to the end the struggle for independence was led by the Indian NationalCongress Party. Gandhi was a Guiding Light nearing its chief organizer. The two men shared a deep bond even if they didnt always see eye to eye. Candy from a traditional merchant family now and this close in a dhoti. Narrows the anglicized brahman well dressed and elegant with ideas rooted in socialism Something Like their brains socialism in the one nine hundred twenty s. Gandhi was prepared to tolerate that because he believed that there would always basically be loyal to him. So that he gave nero a sort of certain amount of rope. To do his own work but gandhi would always be holding it and be able to draw him in whenever he felt you know he was going to to a great and extreme. And there when he was a you know that he was it was in his interests to keep him with god but he also had a genuine affection for gandhi there is own father who died in nine hundred thirty one and in many respects you can see gandhi sort of taking over that position of father figure for the area and so they do have a very close relationship despite the differences. The two men were very different not least in their views on religion. Narea was a self professed atheist something rare in a country where refusing to express religious belief is a to boot. Gandhi was deeply religious he began each meeting with prayer. Life in india is permeated by the values of hinduism which assigns a persons caste on the basis of. That hinduism has been traditionally be guarded as a tolerant religion not given to proselytizing. Islam had expanded under the reign of the mugu empress in northern india to become the countrys second largest religion. In British India muslims accounted for a quarter of the population. After the countrys partition in one nine hundred forty seven that number dropped to twelve percent. Hindus and muslims had long enjoyed a peaceful coexistence until Political Representation was attached to religious identity. The Muslim League emerged as a Political Force in the one nine hundred thirty s. With the aim of protecting the interests of indian muslims. But a new goal in the creation after britains withdrawal from india of a muslim nation pakistan or land of the pier. The party was led by Mohammad Ali Jinnah who had known gandhi for years. Both. Came from. Speaking people there were both lawyers have been educated in. Training there so in a way there was a lot in common but unfortunately they came into very short conflict. After god returned to india. In one nine hundred forty four gandhi went to meet jinnah and his private residence in bombay. Over the course of almost three weeks gandhi time tried to dissuade from his plan for a muslim pakistan. He assured him that muslims would have an honorable place in a secular and democratic india. He even offered him the post of Prime Minister in independent indias first government. To jinnah couldnt stand be a faction and i ten sion he was shunned by condi because like many muslims he viewed it as a pattern izing attempt by hindus to assimilate muslims. Gandhi saw himself as a universalist he didnt want to be seen as hindu but his indians. Going to put the i got me going to do yet everything about his style his dress was typically hindu. The money and. Main room is embrace of renunciate are a disciplines and linking of ascetic practice with political aspirations all of that created the impression of a quintessential hindu. Shimla the summit capital of British India. In the one nine hundred forty six the leaders of the Muslim League and Indian Congress party met here to discuss ways to implement gandhis vision of a united independent india. There is nothing diplomacy failed in the face of generous intransigence. After three weeks the talks broke down. In june our campaign centered on a single topic congress was a hindu party with a hindu leader and if hindus won the first elections after independence muslims would face assimilation and oppression to survive they needed their own state of pakistan so in one hundred forty six he decides to take the matter to the streets general have been a strictly constitutional cogitation for them and hes been loyal to the british he hasnt ever been involved in civil disobedience campaigns he never adopted the sort of tart tactics that gandhi adopted the nineteen forty six august ninety four to six he decides to take the issue to the streets hes going to show the power of muslims in india and he has a direct action. Jinnahs call for direct action day on august sixteenth nine hundred forty six in support of the demand for pakistan sparked an eruption of harrowing violence in calcutta. Five thousand people were massacred and twenty thousand wounded. Most of the victims were hinting. That lead to retaliatory attacks by hindus against muslims elsewhere reprisal killings spread across northern india entire families were slaughtered. Some hindus now claim their religion was too passive and lacked martial art. To them they into value of tolerance was an inexcusable weakness which had for centuries allowed first the move and then the British Empire to enslave the hindu majority. They felt the time had come for hindus to assert themselves and for hindu men to reclaim their progress. If they wanted to reform hindu islam and boost hindus moral and physical strength in every town and village where the movement had a local chapter activists convene mornings and evenings for ideological training and physical trials to prepare to fight muslims who were once again the enemy youre more if you dont want long been. Well hindu nationalists massacred muslims Muslim League extremists butchered hindus ghandi was horrifying. He began to fast in calcutta which he vowed to continue until the violence stopped. He refused to relinquish his vision of an india where the two communities could live in friendship and peace. And gandhi was watching all this he was doing his best he went to. He walked around the villages which where the muslims have massacred the lords and he talked to the muslims he really put his life on the line and he went without any protection just a few of his followers walking on foot. And he managed to persuade the muslims that there was not not right to do this as he walked people would throw glass pieces on the way they would fall excreta in his spot and his answer to that was to even give more of the very simple founded speech he used to bear in order to walk and in fact walking barefoot this had a tremendous more to impact and the fatted that we like to draw is between in the christian tradition the crucifixion of christ that is suffering for humanity tormenting the fish in order to make the more of a beat and then there is other retaliation by by muslims in bangor whether in the majority they turned on him attacked them massacred many then hindus and been hard on. The muslims. And again they do the same in u. P. A. And then in the punjab we see the muslims retaliating by attacking the sikhs and killing a lot of sikhs in march nine hundred forty seven so the whole thing is blowing up in a way thats becoming really completely uncontrollable. In march nine hundred forty seven lord louis mountbatten arrived in delhi as the last viceroy of india he had been tasked by the british Prime Minister to negotiate an exit deal with indian leaders. Batten appeared bent on hastening the end of imperial rule and soon came to favor the option of partition. Again and again. But. Once you are gone. But. Only after you decide. And then of course the Congress Leaders decided that they would accept the partition. Was able to stir up so much trouble for them that if they didnt concede for a separate state of pakistan then he would he would cause terrible disruption within within india after independence and perhaps compromise the integrity of the Indian Nation state perhaps collapse. Was appointed to him and of the Boundary Commission in charge of equitably carving a muslim majority state from British India. He was assisted by two thousand and two muslims because he himself knew nothing of india that was why hed been chosen to guarantee objective ety and fairness. Most of indias muslims lived in the north the plan called for the creation of one state with two territories east and west pakistan located two thousand kilometers apart. But hindu and muslim communities in bengal and punjab were in extra mixed drawing board is was an exercise in absurdity. On august fifteenth one thousand. Forty seven the partition between india and pakistan was made official. As the clock had approached midnight darla nehru the first Prime Minister of independent india address the nation. To do really good with this journey. And now the time comes when we showed you the big at the top of the midnight hour when the world leapt into our window week in light and we dont. But the very morning after Independence Celebrations hindus in pakistan and muslims in india began to flee their homes muslims headed for pakistan well hindus set off for india. Enormous convoys of people moving in opposite directions the greatest mass migration in history. Ten Million People who are displaced many were attacked by robbers and militants along the way a Million People lost their lives. No one took responsibility for the tragedy but hindu nationalists accused gandhi of allowing muslims to steal parts of the hindu nation. We went to the delhi headquarters of the rightwing hindu muss about organization. There we spoke to its then president he maintained that his was the only group that sought to defend indias integrity. Got it in the ass of love i was the only one named your son in india. Richard real good. With the great journey. Expressions that. Really. Do. You want to know did india one india solo the hindu nationalists claim that this was a vivisection of india and it was something that congress had betrayed the indian people in agreeing to in fact it was very much a part of their own program to have a separate state and its always serve their interests subsequently to have a separate pakistan state which is always an antagonism. Is always a representation of. Indias. A few months after independence the new states waged their first war over kashmir a province with a muslim majority but a hindu maharajah the two sides agreed to a ceasefire along whats known as the line of control it divided the region into with one side and ministered by india and the other by pakistan of the three officially declared wars between india and pakistan to have been over kashmir and it remains a flash point to this day. On september the ninth one thousand nine hundred forty seven gandhi moved into the delhi home of his friend the industrialist and Congress Party supporter gun she does better. In january of the following year gandhi began another indefinite fast saying he would only east if he saw a plan to stop the continuing violence hindus who had fled persecution in pakistan with dumbfounded by gandhis empathy for muslims which was inherent in the second in direct goal of his fasting. Going to gandhis Hunger Strike was also aimed at forcing the Indian Government to release pakistan share of assets from the treasury of British India. God lived. That stored. In prayer. And said that i shall go straight. I sort of die. The fifty paragraphs should be given then only i shall believe my fast at that moment. Some yields take me this hour did. Die of Hunger Strike. Now. Hindu nationalists found it scandalous that gandhi would fast to ensure india respected the financial clauses of the partition agreement and transfer five hundred fifty million rupees to a country that had launched cross border rates on kashmir. So on the ground did. Of dennehy. I remember say one of their goosed. Theres a deep. Sea. Not enough they. Say that might. The attack of january twentieth was botched. It was unable to reach the window from which he planted his gun he hadnt thought of bringing a ladder. So hard drive from the river. It was so high. You and. So. Many throws. Not. Even my. Near to the wall. It was really police. Actions did not take place so probably. The group fled back to puna to plan that we needed to attack their accomplice who would set off the homemade bomb was arrested. Under interrogation he revealed the names of his coconspirators. Even now there is debate as to why the police failed to apprehend them and for ten days. Ghandi used to sit in the monitor as you can see in this picture this was taken on twenty ninth and woody on the evil face. He would address people who are visiting your some would be very angry with him that they would think i mean i dont know there was a thinking among them the did not do enough to prove in the partition. On the day of judgment he. Said. I did try to bestow argument to the store and very good repair. Given in their bio clock are fired maybe five years later. The problem indicates the exact spark began the variables faded by the assassins bullet. In this pod no adam heart muddies this water due world there he stepped forward. He took three steps before Mahatma Gandhi and he saw him point blank. And if you see the photograph. Of Mahatma Gandhi with the bullets its almost you know it looks like a god and. Its almost in the same the circle of. The sassing gollin did Mahatma Gandhi bullets and i think. At that one moment Mahatma Gandhi rose from the ashes from the earth and he became larger than life. Innovative broadcast narrow annoyance the news of gandhis day. The light has gone out of our lives and there is darkness everywhere. Near who this its you know rue banned the movements he held responsible for gandhi says has a nation. The hindu master bar and the Hindu Volunteer organization the r. S. S. Twenty thousand r. S. S. Militants were jailed so members do let us forget how many gandhi supporters targeted the brahmins of maharashtra the caste to which the assassin ghodsee belonged and which was closely associated with the hindu party and the r. S. S. Is. Then the most about over as it. The trial of gandhis assassins was held at the red fought a highly symbolic location it was there that larry had made his first speech to independent india and to this day the Prime Minister addresses crowds from the red force on independence day. India is a democracy the defendants had the right with their trial supposedly for the trial at the red ford offered not im god saying it the perfect platform to air his views. He refused Legal Defense and though he had lawyers he pleaded his own case that he didnt do he stated that he had out it to his hindu faith and the back about good to which justified violence. He said he had been compelled to take action for the nation of hindus which gandy had betrayed. He needed to rid the nation of this man who persisted in weakening india starts pakistan. He described the assassination as a salutary act undertaken in the Public Interest not the rash deed of a lunatic but rather a deed motivated by political realism which had been well thought out and planned as lacked the simoom more efficient. On the. Improperly named in fortnight. Event theyre not put on go to sleep and happy. With. Myself theyre simply struggling. The middle resurgence of fundamentalism in india nationalist groups like the hindu muslim bar enjoying a revival. And its daily headquarters there is a statue of its late leader vinayak download suffolk her a contemporary of gandhis and a nationalist but one with a very different ideology. Her spawned the idea of hindutva or hindu miss a concept that inseparably links the hindu and indian identity not on board say human sad scared that i have more love than the big mean. There is no question that i am going to belong to. No doubt but in the was a rise not belong to gandhi. This is the decision of heigl. Has nor part in the murder of gangly there was a very closely between the leader off the handle and the assassin the main assassin and the main organizer of the conspiracy off. And. Thats what im good thing he had been a close associate of what it gives the decade before the assassination and this man thought of it occurred was directly involved not just ideologically or inspiring but directly involved in the conspiracy to border. On. The other current in a group photo with the conspirators he was also arrested and tried but denied all charges and was acquitted. Going to remember again he himself said after the first assassination attempt. Maybe the assailant is right maybe i am a nuisance in independent india says the pool. Than the more than one million this is the classical greek tragedy in its purest form where victim and assassin have a secret understanding with. Gandhi felt deep despair his method and his course had failed. To me. Despite his efforts violence between hindus and muslims continued and despite his efforts india was fractured into. What use was he alive now. The two that i was. Gandhi had envisioned an independent india that was selfsufficient and predominantly agrarian neris approach was more grounded in economic reality he aimed to combat economic stagnation and dire poverty with state centered planning and industrialization that relied on domestic industry after the independents went all out for you know modernization of economic isolation and developing Large Scale Industries building. Which he. Described as the new temples to india which should replace you know the old temples. It is difficult to know how gandhi respond to this had he been alive after forty eight minutes largely that there would have come into some conflict over this because mayor didnt really put very much into trying to. Maintain the gandhi and economic program. To this day gandhi disciples gather on fridays to spin cotton and his cremation site the same handwheel the same motions as back then when carson was spun to create the basis for economic independence. But. Today its more of a ritual than a lesson in economic theory. The perceived need to kill. People scullys principle of selfsufficiency did prevail until the early one nine hundred ninety s. Measures like high tariff rules and Exchange Rate management pretty. To domestic industry from foreign competition. Even. If it. Does over the past few decades the country has really opened up to the forces of globalization. A growing middle class shops at new malls of these the temples of india today. On an order if gandhi returned to india today he would be aghast to see how far the country particularly the middle classes has succumbed to western consumerism. He preached the importance of selfsufficiency thing each village the defense of the weak and a form of asceticism according to such dictates as dont consume more than you need respect nature. There was a clear environmental subtext to gandhis message for the collision donna says theyre going. On march the twelfth two thousand and five ten months after returning to power indias Congress Party marked the seventy fifth anniversary of the so much. Hundreds of people walked in the madness footsteps following the same three hundred fifty eight kilometer bridge for twenty six days. Much as done traditional White Clothing made of homespun cotton and the iconic gandhi kept. My. Great grandson up to her level nehru role gandhi was thirty five at the time of the procession and had only recently entered politics. He would go on to become party president. He joined the marches as they reached the coast in greater about seventy five years to the day that Mahatma Gandhi shook the British Empire to its core by harvesting a handful of salt. With their own thirty five millimeter film. Or undeterred video cameras captured the same scene. Globalization has spread to side many of gandhis principles but the mahatmas fundamental message has endured a message that speaks of the power of peace forgiveness and freedom and can transcend even the hatred that killed him. For sarah willis. Is a. Perfect. Choice her journey of discovery. A little bit this time shes meeting japanese star chris dish and yes we said toyota q. B. Is responsible for a few sticks and cumbered absalom money and also from berlin snoopy ever less concert hall. Double. She doesnt know if her daughter is alive or dead. One of many chechen mothers whove lost their children to i guess. Why do so many Young Chechens join islamist militia even parents caught between hope and fear not knowing if theyll ever see their sons or daughters again. Thirty minutes on d w. Its all happening go to visit come. To link tombs from africa the world. Your link to inception stories of discussions kenya and Muslim Student news such a Clean Program tonight from one to me from the news of these events and while with safety deputed comes to africa join us on facebook at g. W. Africa move. Move. This is live from berlin u. S. President donald trump releases a controversial memo alleging collusion between investigators and his political opponents. But democrats say the memo shows the f. B. I. Had good reason to monitor a top truck paid during the president ial campaign well have an expert analysis here in the studio also coming up. In a courtroom drama at a sentencing hearing for disgraced u. S. Dr larry nasser