Is known as the father of india but throughout his life well one does come shotgunned evoked mixed feelings he was viewed alternatively as a fanatic or an eccentric reactionary revolutionary saint almost. Or as a man who must be killed. He championed a philosophy of nonviolence only to die at the hand of an assassin. He led a peaceful Resistance Movement to free india from british rule yet independent india was born as an ally of rousseau carnage. Emit sectarian killings on an unprecedented scale gandhi risked his life to preach nonviolence until his dying day. On january thirtieth nine hundred forty eight he was killed by a hindu nationalist with three shots to the chest. In one thousand nine hundred eighty one gandhi was interviewed by an american journalist in. Europe and. Her. And. If you could read. The late brother afghanis assassin was jailed for almost two decades at the time of our interview he was eighty five years old and recalled every detail of the plot lord say but i better not say not to say well dear one. As i said i dared gandhigiri then long as my mug on. The here was. Nine hundred forty eight. Bread and. Water i mean did india remove. Their bed persons. To be able to disperse not live. In the indian capital delhi there are several sites dedicated to the memory of the man to whom the poet to gore gave the name mahatma great soul. This somebody the site where gandhis body was cremated on a funeral pyre of sandal wood in accordance with hindu funeral custom. The National Gandhi museum and house converted into a Memorial Museum after gandhi was assassinated on its grounds. Every day crowds to visit his flock there from all over the country bengal and Kerala Pradesh and money poor. Many indians rich or poor still see it as their duty to make the pilgrimage and pay homage. To the atmosphere feels more like a temple and museum. One room has a series of die ramas depicting key scenes from gandhis life. Visit his remove their shoes to approach the spot where the mahatma fell to the assassins bullets. Frescoes photographs gandhis meager personal belongings his notebooks walkingstick letters even his blood stained clothes everything related to the life of the father of the nation has been preserved. When one hundred is cut im sure gandhi was born in eight hundred sixty nine india was firmly under britains imperial young. Like his father he seemed destined to serve the ruling power. His family belong to the banya caste hardworking merchants from western state. Gandhis marriage at the age of thirteen was a ranged he and his wife cast about would have four children. When he was sixteen his father fell gravely ill. Gandhis paragraph is described him as a devoted son who sat at his fathers bedside. Gandhi felt that he added judy to nurses for the time he was dying and hopefully he wanted to actually be with him in his death. But on that particular day when his father came critically ill he. Felt more attracted to his wife and he was actually in the act of making love to her at the moment when his father died and its a lot of historians look at gandhi and his life feel that this was really something that colored his whole attitude to his sexuality. And led eventually to his deciding to renounce a sexual relationship with his wife. After passing his bar exams in london county return to india to practice law but soon went on to take up a short Term Position in south africa he ended up staying for twenty years. Initially. In south africa live the life of a rich lawyer to have a quite an affluent lifestyle he hadnt really changed become this very ascetic person addressing him in clothes and so on he was wearing western style suits he was living well. But then on a train journey to pretoria a white passenger objected to gandhis presence in a first class carriage and though he had a first class ticket he was thrown off the train he resolved to stay and fight for indian equality in south africa. When he returned to india in one thousand nine hundred fifteen gandhi was a changed man. The barrister had become a political activist trading his english suit in time for a dhoti the traditional dress of the indian poor he set out to familiarize himself with the social problems in his homeland travelling by train across the country always insead class. The movement for Indian Independence was gaining momentum gandhi addressed crowds in every town and village he visited he spoke of Human Dignity justice and independence. Across the country nationalists organized bonfire protests to burn textiles imported from england. Gandhi launched his charkha all Spinning Wheel movement. He declared it the patriotic duty of every indian to spend two hundred yards of cotton thread a day and to boycott textiles produced in the mills of manchester and liverpool. To become a symbol of the commitment of the nationalist corps to everything every morning to sit down and to get out your Spinning Wheel to spin your cotton thread and they became very skillful at it you know they were spent hours every day doing this im going the saugus of something which was was was almost a Spiritual Task of of spending you know for the good of the nation. Nine hundred thirty gandhi led the three week salts march walking three hundred fifty eight kilometers to the village of dandy on the arabian sea where he defined the british sultan of meat by lifting and auctioning off a fist. Love songs. In the end this fellow is where arrested but it was a victory for the man who churchill contemptuously called the half naked for. Coverage of the march captured the worlds attention. Gandhi had an innate sense of symbolism and mass communication. The more this seems like a contradiction of the paradoxical for a man who came across as an ascetic as someone who renounced worldly things in search of spiritual salvation. But he was a great politician and a great communicator s. Said. Gandhis weapons with civil disobedience and nonviolent resistance the british countered with truncheons. Colonial repression was often brutal prison. Gandhi was jailed seven times for a total of. Eight times serving nine years. From the beginning to the end of the struggle for independence was led by the Indian NationalCongress Party. Gandhi was its guiding light. Its chief organizer. The two men shared a deep bond even if they didnt always see eye to eye. Candy from a traditional marriage and family now and they said close in a dhoti. Narrows the and dishonest brahman well dressed and elegant with ideas rooted in socialism Something Like their braced socialism in the one nine hundred twenty s. Gandhi was prepared to tolerate that because he believed that there would always basically be loyal to him so that he gave narrow sort of certain amount of rope you could say you know to go his own way but gandhi would always be holding it im able to draw him in whenever he felt you know he was going to to to to create an extreme and there he was a new note that he was it was in his interests to keep him with god but he also had a genuine affection for gandhi there is own father had died in. And in many respects you can see gandhi sort of taking over that position of father figure for marriage and so they do have a very close relationship despite their differences. The two men were very different not least in their views on religion. Narrow was a self professed atheist something rare in a country where refusing to express religious belief is a to boot. Gandhi was deeply religious he began each meeting with prayer. Life in india is permeated by the values of hinduism which assigns a persons caste on the basis of birth. But hinduism has been traditionally because it has a tolerant religion not given to proselytizing. Islam had expanded under the reign of the mugu empress in northern india to become the countrys second largest religion. In British India muslims accounted for a quarter of the population. After the countrys partition in one nine hundred forty seven that number dropped to twelve percent. Hindus and muslims had long enjoyed a peaceful coexistence until Political Representation was attached to religious identity. The Muslim League emerged as a Political Force lynn one nine hundred thirty s. With the aim of protecting the interests of indian muslims. But a new goal in the creation after britons both all from india other muslim nations pakistan or land of the pier. The party was led by Mohammad Ali Jinnah weve known gandhi for years. Both. Came from they were good writing speaking people they were both lawyers have been educated in london received training there so in a way they had a lot in common but unfortunately they came into very sharp conflict fight early on after god returned to india. In one nine hundred forty four gandhi went to meet jinnah at his private residence in bombay over the course of almost three weeks sunday tieless he tried to dissuade from his plan for a muslim pakistan. He assured him that muslims would have an honorable place in a secular and democratic india. He even offered him the post of Prime Minister independent indias first government. To jinnah couldnt stand the affection and attention he was shown by can be because like many muslims he viewed it as a patronize ing attempt by hindus to assimilate muslims. Gandhis saw himself as a universalist he didnt want to be seen as hindu but his indians. Yet everything about his style his dress was typically hindu. So musical memory and his embrace of renunciate are a disciplines and linking of ascetic practice with political aspirations all that created the impression of a quintessential hindu sells. It. To. Shimla the summit capital of British India. In the one nine hundred forty six the leaders of the Muslim League and Indian Congress party met here to discuss ways to implement gandhis vision of a united independent india. Africa. Neris Network Diplomacy failed in the face of generous intransigence. After three weeks the talks broke down. In june our campaign centered on a single topic congress was a hindu party with a hindu leader and if hindus won the first elections after independence muslims would face assimilation and oppression to survive they needed their own state pakistan. So in one hundred forty six he decides to take the matter to the streets general had been a strictly constitutional cultish and before then hed been loyal to the british he hadnt ever been involved in civil disobedience campaigns he never adopted the sort of tart tactics that gandhi had to be one hundred forty six in august ninety four to six he decides to take the issue to the streets hes going to show the power of muslims in india and he has a direct actual. Jinnahs call for direct action day on august sixteenth nine hundred forty six in support of the demand for pakistan sparked an eruption of harrowing violence in calcutta. Five thousand people were massacred and twenty thousand wounded most of the victims were hinting. That led to retaliatory attacks by hindus against muslims elsewhere reprisal killings spread across northern india entire families were slaughtered. Something hindus now claim their religion was too passive and lacked martial art. To them the hindu value of tolerance was an inexcusable weakness which had for centuries allowed first the move and then the British Empire as to enslave the hindu majority. They felt the time had come for hindus to assert themselves and for hindu main to reclaim their progress. For me they wanted to reform hinduism and boost hindus moral and physical strength in every town and village where the movement had a local chapter activists convene mornings and evenings for ideological training and physical drills to prepare to fight muslims who were once again the enemy of the more he saw if you dont want them. Well into nationalist. Massacred muslims Muslim League extremists hindus gandhi was horrifying. He began to fast in calcutta valid to continue until the violence stopped. He refused to relinquish his vision of an india where the two communities could live in friendship and peace. And gandhi was watching all this he was doing his best he went to bangor he walked around the villages which where the muslims have massacred the landlords and he talked to the muslims he really put his life on the line and he went without any protection just a few of his followers walking on foot and he managed to persuade the muslims that there was not not right to do this as he walked people would throw glass pieces on the floor. In his spot and his answer to that was to even do more of the very simple which he used. In order to walk and in fact walking barefoot this had a tremendous more to impact and the bad it that wed like to draw is between in the christian tradition the fiction of christ that is suffering for humanity tormenting the fish in order to make the martyr. Beat and then there is other retaliation by by muslims in east bengal whether in the majority they turned on him attack them massacred many and hindus and been hard on. The muslims. And again they do the same in india and then in the punjab we see the muslims retaliating by attacking the sikhs and killing a lot of sikhs in march nine hundred forty seven so the whole thing is blowing up in a way thats becoming really completely uncontrollable. In march nine hundred forty seven lord louis mountbatten arrived in delhi as the last viceroy of india he had been tasked by the british Prime Minister to negotiate an exit deal with indian leaders. Batten appeared bent on hastening the end of imperial rule and soon came to favor the option of partition. Again and again. But. Once you are gone. But. Only after you die. And. Then of course the Congress Leaders decided that they would accept the partition. Was able to stir up so much trouble for them that if they didnt concede for a separate state of pakistan then he would he would cause terrible disruption within within after independence and perhaps compromise the integrity of the Indian Nation state perhaps. Was appointed ten min of the Boundary Commission in charge of equitably carving a muslim majority state from British India. He was assisted by two thousand and two muslims because he himself knew nothing of india that was why hed been chosen to guarantee objective ety and fairness. Most of indias muslims lived in the north the plan called for the creation of one state with two territories east and west pakistan located two thousand kilometers apart. But hindu and muslim communities in bengal and punjab were in the mixed drawing board is was an exercise in absurdity. On august fifteenth one thousand. Forty seven the partition between india and pakistan was made official. As the clock had approached midnight there and the first Prime Minister of independent india addressed the nation. To do really big good with gift giving. And now the time comes when we showed you the model which at the root of the midnight hour when we were deep into our window we dont like when we dont. But the very morning after Independence Celebrations hindus in pakistan and muslims in india began to flee their homes muslims headed for pakistan well hindus set off for india. Enormous convoys of people moving in opposite directions the greatest mass migration in history. Ten Million People were displaced many were attacked by robbers and militants along the way a Million People lost their lives. No one took responsibility for the tragedy but hindu nationalists accused gandhi of allowing muslims to steal parts of the hindu nation. We went to the delhi headquarters of the rightwing hindu must about organization. There we spoke to its then president he maintained that his was the only group that sought to defend indias integrity. Of i was the only one major son in india richard real good. With the. Journey. Actually actions that. Really share. Dollar. Off india. The one thing i did in the one india solo the hindu nationalists claim that this was a vivisection of india. Was something that congress had betrayed the indian people and agreeing to in fact it was very much a part of their own program to have a separate state and its always serve their interests subsequently to have a separate pakistan state which is always an antagonism to india i was always a red representation of. Indias. A few months after independence the new states waged their first war over kashmir a province with a muslim majority but a hindu maharajah the two sides agreed to a ceasefire along whats known as the line of control it divided the region into with one side and ministered by india and the other by pakistan of the three officially declared wars between india and pakistan to have been over kashmir and it remains a flash point to this day. On september the ninth one thousand nine hundred forty seven gandhi moved into the delhi home of his friend the industrialist and Congress Party supporter gunshy does. In january of the following year gandhi began another indefinite fast saying he would only east if he saw a plan to stop the continuing violence hindus who had fled persecution in pakistan with dumbfounded by gandhis empathy for muslims which was inherent in the second indirect goal of his fasting. Going to gandhis Hunger Strike was also aimed at forcing the Indian Government to release pakistan share of assets from the treasury of British India. With their nic. That drug. In. And said that. Straight. I started. And did fifty paragraphs should be given then. I shall believe my past that moment. Yields take me. Did you really die of Hunger Strike. Now. Hindu nationalists found it scandalous that gandhi would fund to ensure india respected the financial clauses of the partition agreement and transfer five hundred fifty million rupees to a country that had launched cross border rates on kashmir. So on the ground bit. Of dinner ready. I remember say one of their goosed where theres a debate a meeting. There. Not enough i. Could. Say that this might. Be. The attack of january twentieth was botched. It was unable to reach the window from which he planned to buy his gun he hadnt thought of bringing the latter. So hard try trying the riddle. It got so high you and. So. Many throws. Us. Not. Even my. Duty to. The. British police. Their actions did not take place so probably. The group fled back to puna to plan the renewed attack their accomplices had set off the homemade bomb was arrested. Under interrogation he revealed the names of his coconspirators. Even now there is debate in india as to why police failed to apprehend him and for ten days. To see it in the monitor as you can see in this picture this was taken on twenty ninth. On the eve of his. He would address people who are visiting here some would be very angry with him they would think i mean i dont know there was a thinking amongst them who did not do enough to prove in the partition. On the. Setter. I didnt try to bestow argument to the store and vent to declare. Even in their bio clock are fired maybe five years later. The problems in the kids exact spark began these variables faded by the assassins bullet. Invading pod the mob in this pod of adam hart muddies this water. World there he stepped forward. He took three steps before Mahatma Gandhi and he saw him point blank three bullets. And if you see the photograph. Of Mahatma Gandhi with the bullets its almost you know it looks like a garden and its almost in the same the circle of. The sassing gollin did Mahatma Gandhi bullets and i think. At that one moment Mahatma Gandhi rules from the ashes from the earth and he became dogs living life. In a radio broadcast new unknowns the news of gandhis day. The night has gone. And there is darkness everywhere. Near who its you narrow band the movements he held responsible for gandhi says has a nation. The hindu master bar and the Hindu Volunteer organization the r. S. S. Twenty thousand r. S. S. Militants were jailed so members do let us forget how. Gandhi supporters targeted the brahmins of maharashtra the caste to which the assassin ghodsee belonged and which was closely associated with the hindu. And the r. S. S. As the trial of gandhis assassins was held at the red fought a highly symbolic location it was there that larry had made his first speech to independent india and to this day the Prime Minister addresses crowds from the red force on independence day. India is a democracy the defendants had the right to a trial supposedly for the trial of the red forty offered mataram god sent the perfect platform to air his fears. He refused Legal Defense and though he had lawyers he pleaded his own case but he did do he stated that he had out it to his hindu faith and the back of baggage or which justified violence. He said he had been compelled to take action for the nation of hindus which gandy had betrayed. He needed to rid the nation of this man who persisted in weakening india starts pakistan. He described the assassination as a salutary act undertaken in the Public Interest not the rash deed of a lunatic but rather a deed motivated by political realism which had been well thought out and lacked the simoom more efficient on the. Game properly named good for de lay. Dead men drugs theyre not put on board free and happy. And may show their simple strength. Amid a resurgence of fundamentalism in india nationalist groups like the hindu musser bar enjoying a revival. And its daily headquarters there is a statue of its late leader vinayak Download Server kurt a contemporary of gandhis and a nationalist but one with a very different ideology. Curse upon the idea of hindutva or hindu miss a concept that inseparably links the hindu and indian identity not on god see himself said that i have more love than the big move. There is no question that i am going to belong to. No doubt but you know was our eyes not belong to god. This is the decision of heigl. Has nor in the murder of gangly there was a very closely linked between the leader of the hindu and the assassin the main a fast in and the mean organizer of the conspiracy off. And. Thats what im good thing he had been a close associate of father for it is the decade before the assassination and this man salvage third was directly involved not just ideologically or inspiring but directly involved in the conspiracy to barter. Souther curry and a group photo with the conspirators he was also arrested and tried but denied all charges and was acquitted. Going to remember gary himself said after the first assassination attempt. Maybe the assailant is right maybe i am a nuisance in independent india. The pool or sit down and the more than one million this is the classical greek tragedy in its purest form where victim and assassin have a secret understanding with gandhi felt deep despair his method and his course had failed. In the sunni. Despite his efforts violence between hindus and muslims continued and despite his efforts india was fractured into. What use was he alive now. Gandhi had envisioned an independent india that was selfsufficient and predominantly agrarian there is approach was more grounded in economic reality. Economic stagnation and dire poverty with state centered planning and industrialization that relied on domestic industry after the independents went all out for you know modernization of economic and in developing Large Scale Industries building. Which he. Described as the new temples to india which would replace the old temples. Its difficult to know how gandhi respond to this had been alive after nine hundred forty eight and its likely that there would have come into some conflict over this because marriage didnt really put very much into trying to. Maintain the gandhi and economic program. To this day gandhi disciples gather on fridays to spin cotton at his Commission Site the same handwheel the same motions as back then when cotton was spun to create the basis for economic independence. And. Today its more a ritual than a less than an economic theory. Weve got. To. Keep. Killing. People scallies principle of selfsufficiency did prevail until the early nine hundred ninety s. Measures like high tariff levels and Exchange Rate management protected domestic industry from foreign competition. Even. Trying to hit. Us over the past few decades the country has really opened up to the forces of globalization. A growing middle class shops at new malls are these the temples of india today. But your gender is a on an order if gandhi returned to india today he would be aghast to see how far the country particularly the middle class has succumbed to western consumerism. He preached the importance of selfsufficiency thing each village the defense of the week and a form of asceticism according to such dictates as dont consume more than you need respect nature. There was a clear environmental subtext to gandhis message for it. Theyre going to. On march the twelfth two thousand and five ten months after returning to power indias Congress Party marked the seventy fifth anniversary of the so much. Hundreds of people walked in the mahatmas footsteps following the same three hundred fifty eight kilometer route for twenty six days. Marches done traditional white colored clothing made of homespun cotton. And the iconic gandhi cap. The great grandson of to her lol Nehru Rahul Gandhi was thirty five at the time of the procession and had only recently entered politics. He would go on to become party president. He joined the marches as they reached the coast in which are at seventy five years to the day that Mahatma Gandhi shook the British Empire to its core by harvesting a handful of salt. With around thirty five millimeter film. Or undeterred video cameras captured the same scene. Globalization has spread to side many of gandhis principles but the mahatmas fundamental message has endured a message that speaks of the power of peace forgiveness and freedom and can transcend even the hatreds that killed him. What does a football loving country need to reach its goals. Well tell you how german soccer made it back to the top. In our web special w dot com. Football made in germany. Are you up to speed on the latest technology. Know when it may be time for an upgrade. Become part of the future becomes the most important i must say a word so ive created a new sense new organ and design my perception of reality implants that make every day life easier. 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