The clinic an american institution. It is the heart of our country. It is the worlds first and private multispecially practice. It is specialists working together devoting a whole range of unique and diverse talents for the needs of each individual patient. This is a model that the mayo family developed that has expanded and group to other medical centers and welcomed patients all over. It was established with a generous gift from john and lillian math shoes. They said they want to tell the voices of the chi your. Today were going to explore the history and the living legacy of mayo clinic. Ere patie every patient has a history. What your illnesses are, your health status. Just as you as a patient have a history, so, too, does an organization. Our history here is a living dynamic part of who we are. It informs who we are today, and it sets the stage for where were going in the future. You will see as you travel around the may owe clinic here at our historic displays that history is present here with us and people talk about it in an immediate sense. We will show you really fun and interesting things that bring that to life. A lot of people wonder how a very large center got started in a small town. Mayo is a family name. Dr. William warwell mayo. He had a Strong Social conscious of giving back to others. He came to america in the 1840s. He married louise wright. They had weathonderful team wor. He came here as a patient seeking a healthier future. He came to minnesota in the territory days. Worked a number of cities, but in 1964 he opened a practice and moved his family here to rod chester when the Lincoln Administration named him to be a y union army in the american civil war. He want today see which young men were fit for military duty. A lot of young men were going off to the eastern shatheater f the fighter. The family stayed here. Abraham lincoln brought us here. He set up his practice, his two boys recall they grew up in medicine like farm boys on a farm. They would go out with their dad to serve patients, set bones, perform surgery. They just absorbed his ideals and values and it was natural they would go into medicine. Now he is the senior physician in town. Charlie was still a high school preparatory tonight here at home. August, a terrible sigh loan comes. A terrible devastating storm struck the city causing death and destruction. He and his sons were in charge of helping the survivors. So in seeking help, he went down the street to the academy of our lady of lord, and the mother, the mother superior, sent her sisters to be nurses. Not long after the disaster, and what we see here in this tableau, is mother alfred came to him with a true vision. She said we, the franciscans, will build a hold for this city if you and your sons will staff it. Mother alfred persisted. They shook hands and it was a bond of trust. From that st. Marys opened in 1989. Men and women did not work together. Dr. Mayo was a man of science mother alfred named her order for the virgin mary. You have different people, different skills, different points of view that come together for the common purpose. And they each brought something to the equation. They had this house that stood across the street from where we are right now. They made a momentous discovery. This is an example of a 19th century micro scope at that time that they would have used. The boys were young. They always remember their parents sacrifice and so they grew up knowing that medicine was a true calling. So here we see them as adults and they were the most successful doctors in america. Remember their sacrifice, and the example of the sisters, in 1919 they donated all of the assets of the mayo clinic. The land, buildings, and the quick and the majority of their live savings to transform them from a private partnership to a not for profit organization. Thats a structure that we have today. The mayo clinic is here today because of their sacrifice and their generosity. We talked about the origins here here at Heritage Hall, but it is worth wile to visit the plumber building. To get a fielding for how the clinic grew and flourished. Right now were in the historical sweet in the plumber pi building, and it is where dr. Will and dr. Charlie are. The space today is used as a hue seem and our patients and visitors are able to learn more about our history. How they practiced medicine was different than it is today. The father was actually the physician who would go out into the country. Get on his buggy and horse and take it out to the farms and visit the patients. Surgeries were performed on kitchen tables not in hospitals or operating room settings. Instruments in medicine were very crude. What youre looking at today are some medicines that were carried in a physicians bag. There is not many to select from. There was not a lot known about what would secure different ailments, but this is what they had and they would prescribe to patients and hope that it worked. Here are some of the different locations. The masonic temple was a newly built building and they rented space on the second floor for patients to be seen there. They worked in the temple until 1914. This building represents the very first mayo clinic built by the mayo family. The father instilled in the boys that they needed to have others join the practice. He uchb quoted that no one is big enough to be independent of others. They indicated that they needed others. They needed people in the laboratory, the xray department, and all other aspects of medicine to provide the best care for our patients. Here you will see the first mayo clinic being built. It started in 1912 with the construction and in 1914 it openinope open opened. It was five floors and it housed all of the different specialties. We anticipated about 14,000 patients to arrive on an annual basis, but 26,000 were coming to rod chest rodchester for care. We out grew this space and built the next building that we will talk about which is the plumber building, currently, but it was the second maco clyo clinic. It was 15 floors and it encompassed all of the departments that the patients need to be seen in. Here a model of an examining room that would have been, in the 1914 mayo clinic building. There is a a very simple cork floors. It was easier on the legs. And it provided less stress. Also in the clinical practice they realized that the example rooms speeded to be cleaned and the cover over the bedding and that type of thing needed to be changed frequently. The idea of a septic and antiseptic were in england and they saw it practiced over there in their travels and they brought those back to the mayo clinic. Im standing in dr. Wills last office. This would have been used in his administrative years. So 1928 is when he would have moved into this area. You will see his desk, his motto, he loved the truth and sought to know it. He is described as the businessman administrative type. He was known to be more stern, but had a great sense of humor. He married his high school sweetheart. Her name was hattie damon. They had five children but only two lived past infancy. Two daughters, kari and feebee. They both married doctors. Medicine stayed in the family even though the daughters did not go into medicine. When he moved into this office he was no longer practicing as a surgeon. However he was very involved in the clinic administratively. He also sat on the board of governors. He still was intimately involved knowing our patients were being taken care of. This is my favorite room were in at the moment. This is the board of governors room. It was started because dr. Will and dr. Charlie in 1915 started the proceedings to start up may owe clinic as a Nonprofit Organization that involved board and were still run by a board today. All of the honors and the awards on the wa are from dr. Charlie all over the world. And then what they would do is they would go and travel for several months, each spring and fall, one always staid back to tend to business, and they would present and visit other hospitals and became very known to other physicians. Doctor will really felt that jealousy among the medical profession would be a detriment and sharing the knowledge. And that is when he articulated that the needs of the patient come first which is our primary value here may owe clinic. All we do is for our patients. And they, mayo also realized that you needed education and research to provide that great care for our patients. We still practice with that in our fore thought. We have five schools here at mayo clinic and we also have Many Research lab sos we can advance science and medicine. M. The history of mayo clinic is integral to the history of rochester. The city has grown and expanded right along with mayo clinic to provide Different Services and amenities for our patients just as mayo clinic has. Were in a place of Heritage Hall called the treasures gallery. We have a number of cubbies that present different treasures of mayos unique contributions to medicine and society. So over here is an iconic artifact. Its a baseball signed by lou gehrig when he was a patient here in 1939. The black and white photo shows him as a patient and he gave back in many ways. He befriended local youth. He gave batting lessons and pitching clinics, worked out with bobs team down at soldiers field. Bob asked mr. Lou gehrig to sign his ball. And he did sign the ball the day he was diagnosed with the disease. The color photo shows bob still treasuring that baseball. At the end of his life, bob sold that ball to a local Business Executive here in rochester. And andy bought the ball for the soul purpose that he and his daughter taylor would give it to mayo clinic to display to inspire our patients. So you have a generosity coming together with this one baseball signed by a Great American athlete. Other examples here would be a replica of the noble prize that mayo clinic received in 1950. Two mayo staff members. Dr. Kendell, a Laboratory Scientist and dr. Finch, worked together on the invention of cortisone. A drug many of us know now. They received this noble prize, a classic example of a bridge from discovering something in the lab to applying it to the care of patients. And the word came to mayo clinic by a text message, a Western Union telegram announcing that. They were team based in their philosophy that they used part of their prize money for the noble award and they gave it to their laboratory and clinical assistants. One of their assistants was a franciscanister. Franciscan sister. With her vow of poverty, she could not accept a financial recognition, so they found a way to deal with that. They said, sister, we will send you on a trip to europe and you can meet the pope. Always found out ways to contribute and give back to others. Other artifacts, an early telephone. Dr. Mayo had the first telephone in this region. It connected his farmhouse with his office and so the idea of patient convenience, you could walk into the local area and call dr. Mayo at his home. This was transformative, Disruptive Technology at that time. The local newspaper actually had to print an article how to place a telephone call. It was so new to people, they didnt know what to do. The paper assured them that your voice and dr. Mayos voice will be as clear a mile apart as if you were in the same room. And they went on these long, elaborate directions. You would talk into this and listen for that and various things. But a new way of communicating for your medical care. 1919 when the mayo family, the brothers and their wives made the joint decision to donate the assets of the clinic and their life savings to our nonprofit mission, here is the deed of gift, the legal document they signed, and the ink well they used given to us by the mayo family. This deed of gift, its a legal document but its kind of a statement of their philosophy. And if you read through all of the legalese and terminology of the therefores and all of that, theres a couple of powerful sentences that stand out and one of them, the mayos wrote that the ultimate purpose of the clinic, past, present and future, must be measured by its contributions to the good of humanity. They didnt say cure this disease or open this lab or run this program. They said serve humanity. That will never go out of date. Other examples here on the eve of world war ii, mayo began working in aviation. Planes could fly higher but crews were crashing because they were blacking out at the high levels not having sufficient oxygen. The planes were crashing, crews were getting killed. Mayo understands blood circulation. He began working in different ways, top secret, during those war years, but we developed the g suit to keep the Blood Pressure up allowing the pilot and crew to remain conscious. He developed an oxygen mask. This invention is still used in aviation today. It helped launch the jet age and the space travel all have roots in mayos aviation research. At that time we charged the government 1 a year for our wartime services. That whole philosophy of giving back. The knowledge of blood circulation opened up the era of openheart surgery. Here youre seeing a large photograph of the early heartlung bypass machine. There was a doctor in philadelphia who developed a heartlung bypass machine. The heart would stop beating during surgery. The machine would take over giving oxygen to keep the patient alive. The doctor had one patient survive and four passed away and he couldnt go on. But mayo thought there was merit in the doctors technology. So we essentially reengineered his machine. Engineers, surgeons, nurses all working together to create whats now called the mayo gibbon heartlung bypass surgery. If you know anybody who has had openheart surgery, it began with a machine like this. Our first patient at mayo clinic, right over here, linda, she was a 5yearold girl from bismarck, north dakota, she was dying of a heart defect. She had a very short time to live. Her parents brought her here with no other hope. Her life was saved on a machine just like this. Thats her sixth Birthday Party a few months after her operation. Shes had a wonderful life, a lovely person. Ive interviewed her a number of times. Its fun. Linda came back to mayo clinic on the 50th anniversary of her heart surgery. She was our guest of honor. And look what she gave us, she gave us her autograph book and her get well cards her mother had saved for her. We tell our new employees when they come here on their tour, behind every invention at mayo clinic, theres always a linda. And whats really sweet, typical my daughters have done this. Shes got his world famous surgeons autograph, the cleaning ladys autograph, the land lady of her rooming house, the kid in the bed next to her. You see her here of her name. She tells a story, i remember she described this very vividly. She was young, 5 years old. Night before surgery she what she remembers are these tall, young men in white jackets. They got on their knees to talk to her eye to eye. And they said, tomorrow, youre going to fall asleep. But when you wake up, youre going to feel a whole lot better. And she said, i had no idea how nervous they must have been because she was their first patient. You have this amazing trust that goes back and forth. Medicine is undergoing vast changes. Even in my career here at mayo clinic, ive seen tremendous advances in medicine. The pace is only accelerating. And as we look at these exciting future, this dynamic potential of what medicine can do for a Better Health for people all over the world, we come back to the unchanging things. At mayo clinic theres this dynamic innovation, the values, the history of mayo, its this firm foundation. It doesnt hold us back. It empowers us to go forward. But we have to understand that history and value it and interpret it for every generation and that will keep us grounded. It will give us the propulsion to go forward and the future is very exciting. Youre watching American History tv. Every weekend on cspan 3 explore our nations past. Cspan 3, created by americas Cable Television companies as a Public Service and brought to you today by your television provider. Week nights this month were if he the during American History tv programs as a preview of whats available every weekend on cspan 3. Tonight we explore the american story with a look at the National Park service. We visit eight parks across the country, including mt. Rushmore national memorial, selma to Montgomery National historic trail, and gateway arch. Watch beginning at 8 00 eastern and enjoy American History tv every weekend on cspan 3. Every saturday at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on American History tv on cspan 3 go inside a Different College classroom and hear about topics ranging from the american revolution, civil rights, and u. S. President s to 9 11. Thanks for your patience and for logging into class. With most college cam yous closed due to the impact of the coronavirus watch professors transfer teaching to a virtual setting to engage with their students. Gorbachev did most of the to work change the soviet union. But reagan met him halfway, reagan encouraged him, reagan supported him. Freedom of the press, which well get to later, madison wrote about the use of the press and indeed freedom to print things and publish things, not freedom for what we now refer to institutionally as the press. Lectures in history on American History tv on cspan 3. Every saturday at 8 00 p. M. Eastern. Lectures in history is also available as a podcast. Find it where you listen to podcasts. Since the 19