After the bomb fell on 1945, the august 6, people folded paper cranes. Today in hiroshima, men, women and children are still folding paper cranes. Especially children. They are still suffering from radiation effects of the bomb. What is it like to be a child in hiroshima so many years after the war . These children look like children anywhere, but the park they are playing in is called the peace park, and the monument behind them is the cemetery dedicated to the 70,000 people known to have died from the bomb. Although estimates go as high as 200,000 or more. On a hot summer morning, much like this one, that first bomb flashed this sky and destroyed the city. Now, Children Play in the fountain in front of the peace museum, which bears grim testimony of what the bonded to the first city that experienced it. The children can see the atomic dome at a distance. It was once the industrial exhibition hall. Now, it is the only shell left standing from the atomic blast. All children make their way to the childrens monument in the park. Death erected after the of someone who died at the age of 12 from leukemia, 10 years after the bomb fell. Cranesildren bring paper as offering to the monument. This young woman was a friend of his. They would have been the same age if he had lived. He has already become a legend in japan. He was the anne frank of hiroshima, remembered for her tragic death from radiation effects. She was just one of hundreds of young people to suffer such a fate. She became the symbol of the mall. Of them all. In her outstretched arms, she holds a golden crane. Who was she . She might have been just an old mary girl sipping on the riverbank if she had lived old merry girl gossiping on the riverbank if she had lived. She was just two years old when a bomb fell. Swimmer. Good she laughed and sang bravely when her classmates came to visit her in the hospital and folded paper cranes. 1000, but shemake reached only 964 when she died. No more swimming. Then, as if her death the children of hiroshima rose up together to do something about it. They raised money for this monument to remind the grownup world what a bomb can do for the young. Every morning, the crane looks down over the city and its children. Sees the nursery schools, the first to be rebuilt after the war. It seems like such a normal thing. The teacher reports on her days off to the hospital for blood transfusions. Round and round, the terrible memory of that day of the bomb must still go in her head, but she tells the children nothing. Knows that this popular teacher has anemia. Overas at home, a little one mile from the explosion and an injured. When she was in the sixth grade, her gums began to bleed, but symptoms went away. Her third grade of junior high school, she became weak and was diagnosed with anemia. For the past five years, she has been in and out of hospitals. She doesnt talk about the past. Her father was wounded in the post office when the bomb fell and died a year later. One of her sisters was never found. She doesnt talk about the future either. Japanese doat other not like to marry survivors. They consider them tainted. They want women and a family who will produce healthy children. Other peoples children may be all she will ever have in her uncertain life. The crane also watches down over this little girl. Ago, her mother suddenly became ill and then died of leukemia, a word she could not understand. This is her picture taken just before she died at the age of 27. This is the buddhist altar for her. Her mother was only 13 when she when the bomb fell. She was not hurt at the time. She did not suspect that the radiation effects in her body would someday separate her from her beloved child. Doctors do not know if her weakness is inherited. Her brother was only 16 when her when he died of leukemia. His family became poor paying his medical expenses. Now, her father makes glass cases for dolls. He wishes he and his family could live in a protected world of dolls. But he cannot forget his lost son. Another was born three years after the war. Her dearest dream was to have an organ, which her family saved to get her. She said she often thinks about her brother when she plays. Her brother entered the city a week after the bomb fell. Ate canned goods from canned goods exposed. After that, he was never well. Said it might have been an exposed can of food. Her mother, who also ate the food, is usually week. Weakness is one of the symptoms most survivors seem to have. And she is also swollen complains of internal pain. Make cranes with her mother in memory of her brother. If only his suffering is not in vain, she says. Aper cranes i shall write peace on the wings and you shall fly all over the world. Another has joined a group of hiroshima children dedicated to peace. They call themselves the folded crane club. This recently, they met in shadow behind the atomic dome. It belongs to a day laborer and his wife, both bomb survivors. The folded crane club. Some men are meant to be the conscience of their time. He is one of them. He is like a pied piper to the children of hiroshima. The tune he plays is that everyone must work for peace in the world. Each week, he and the children print a newspaper on their peace activities for their survivors and the hospitals. They also write letters to the heads of state and to the United Nations pleading for universal this woman earns some money sewing. They met and a bible class where they struggled to find some new meaning in the disaster that had befallen their city. Crippledas permanently when the blast knocked her unconscious outside of her home. She often feels weak like her mother. Children, theyve have none of their own. She fears having a because of the two deformed babies born to her sister. I cannot put i cannot bear the risk of producing monstrosities, she says. He was outside the city when the bomb fell, but he came in immediately with a rescue team and was exposed to the radiation. The children know that he is weak, but they cannot persuade him to rest. Thinking perhaps this pamphlet will be the one to convince the world that they must never be another nuclear war. They have nothing for themselves. Portraits of other children who have died since the war. This dark, unheated has become the childrens spiritual home. As always, the atomic dome is there backdrop, a reminder what a city looks like after a Nuclear Attack. All of the survivors of a nuclear are the survivors of a Nuclear Attack luckier than the dead . The atomic bomb hospital is still full of survivors needing checkups or treatment. The children of the folded crane club come here regularly to distribute their newspapers. Are the children of hiroshima really children with a legacy of death which the bomb has left them . No. Bomb wipes out childhood in an instant like it wipes out a city. Todays children to these children, a hospital is a familiar place. This man was stationed in hiroshima in the army when the bomb fell. At the time, he was not harmed. Seven years ago he began to feel dizzy and experience internal pain. He receives blood now twice a week. He has been here for three years , but the doctors do not tell him when he can go home. Boats meantime, he makes which he gives to visitors. He tells the children to stay pure in their motives as they work for peace. This woman has been in the hospital for the past two years. Her leg was injured in the bombing, but now, she has kidney trouble and frequent bouts of jaundice. Her husband died of cancer said to be due to radiation effects. Her children are living in an orphanage until she can care for them. But when will that be . Tell mothers and other countries what a bomb can do. Tell them to work for peace. The oldest child, h 13th, always reads the mothers letters to her younger sister. Theged 13th, always reads mothers letters to her younger sister. Dear children, i hope you are well and enjoying yourselves. Theis always thinking of two days a month she can visit her mother. The little one likes to talk about the day they will live together and a house of their own. Then. Esnt say anything she understands her mother will be too weak to work even if she gets out of the hospital. Have many more years at this orphanage. She can look out to the inland , to another island. It was the largest orphanage after the war. It was founded in 1946 when a noticed thousands of vagrant orphans were hanging around the railroad station taking part in black market hearing and prostitution market hearing and prostitution. Reportedot to the head three boys left, but they were the original ones to come to boys island. Only one of those boys is still on the island. He teaches woodworking on the left. He was 10 years old when he arrived that dramatic first night. Now, he is 27. Widow, was killed on her way to work in a building that is now the atomic dome. He became separated from his brother and sister in the confusion of those chaotic weeks. He still doesnt know if they are alive. He has many memories as he hopes these orphans do what we did as a child. His group have all gone back to hiroshima to make their way. Only he seems held at the island by ties of the past. A part, he says he feels of these children. They have never known the nightmares of children who have lived to an atomic blast. He likes to climb the hill to a grave and report happenings. He took off his hat on request. He asked if his hair looked alright from the back. He was really asking if it was long enough to hide the scars he of. Halfso ashamed of his body was burned. Was burned. Is body he forces himself to believe he has no radiation damage. He says the fear of it is always there. City that has been burned can be rebuilt, so can a mans skin build scar tissue, but his mind cannot get rid of that fear. Bomb disease has become as much unemotional condition as a physical one. Over the years, he has looked out over the mainland. How he would like to forget hiroshima. On the surface, it would be so easy to forget. Most of its population of 450,000 is made up of outsiders who rushed in to take advantage to the frontier conditions. There was the rumor that for 75 years, trees and flowers would never grow again in hiroshima. They are growing. In the shadow of fear that still hangs over the 90,000 survivors, fear of leukemia, fear of cancer, fear of genetic effects, fear of liver and blood disorders. The people of hiroshima walk the streets carrying these fears. Bank. Day, they pass the on the front steps is still a shadow of a man who sought refuge there. A reminder that after a nuclear last, only the shadow of man remains. Stone. W in the the crane on top of the childrens monument knows all these things. But he wants people in other countries to know about hiroshima and the bomb. Tell everyone to work for peace he says. Tell me tell them to make certain there will be no more hiroshima. Tell them about sadako. And our childrens monument. Tell them to fold paper cranes together. To write peace on their wings, and they shall fly all over the world. Tell them that they can fold their own cranes for peace, like the children of the folded crane club. That they, too can wash away the worlds ills. Tell them it is up to the children of the world to sweep away the Nuclear Ashes of the past. To sweep in war, peace. Tell them on the night of august 6, the anniversary of the bomb, to think of hiroshima. On that night, the members of the folded crane club walk with lanterns through the city. On that night, the members of the folded crane club take the lanterns to the sea and float them down the river for the spirits of the children who have died. On each lantern, they write a childs name. They send them out for the personal prayer, that they believe still keep their memory alive. And sometimes they are laden with song. Give back my father, get back my mother, give grandpa back, grandma back. Give me my son and daughters back. Give me back myself. Give mankind back, give each back to each other. So long this life lasts, give peace back to us. A piece that will never end. That will never end. Cspan has unfiltered coverage of congress, the white house, the Supreme Court and Public Policy events. You can watch all of cspans Public Affairs programming on television, online, or listen on our free radio app and be part of the National Conversation through cspans daily washington journal programs or through our social media feed. Cspan, created by americas People Television cup Cable Television company as a Public Service and brought to you today by our television provider. Your television provider. You are watching American History tv all weekend, every weekend on cspan3. To join the conversation, like us on facebook. You are watching American History tv, covering history cspan style with event coverage, eyewitness accounts, archival films, lectures and College Classrooms and visits to museums and historic events. All weekend every weekend on cspan3. American history tv on cspan3, exploring the people and events that tell the american story every weekend. Today marks the 75th anniversary of the atomic bombing of nagasaki, japan, three days after the bombing of hiroshima. On American History tv and washington journal, a look back at how the bombings ended world war ii and the aftermath in the decades ahead with the author of downfall, the end of the Imperial Japanese empire and peter, the professor at american universities Nuclear Studies institute. They will take her calls, text, facebook questions and tweets. At 4 00 p. M. Eastern, the 1946 films, the effects of the atomic bombs on hiroshima and nagasaki, and 1000 cranes. At 8 00 p. M. , the 70th anniversary of the potsdam conference where the new president informed Winston Churchill of england and josef stalin of the soviet union about the new u. S. Super weapon. Exploring the american story. Watch American History tv today on cspan3. Marks 75 years since the u. S. Top is like an atomic bomb on japan devastating the city of nagasaki three days after the first attack on hiroshima. Announcedse empire japans Unconditional Surrender on august 15, 1945 with a formal surrender ceremony taking place on september 2 aboard the uss missouri in tokyo bay ending world war ii. Tvng up, American History and cspans washington journal our life for the next hour to examine trumans decision. Up first is richard frank, hor of downfall, the both guests will respond if viewer calls and tweets. To viewer calls and tweets. On august 6 and Army Air Force b29 dropped atomic bomb number two on hiroshima, japans seventh largest city. [explosion] a stunned universe swiftly learned that man had a new weapon of shocking destructiveness. A weapon bordering on the absolute. Died instantly. 70,000 persons were killed or listed as missing. 140,000 persons were injured. 43,000 were badly hurt. The city was unbelievably crushed. Of 90,000 buildings, over 60,000 were demolished. The remains were described as vapor and ashes. Man had torn from nature one of her innermost secrets. With his knowledge he had fashioned an instrument of annihilation. Menacing implications were frightening to everyday people. What did you think of that bomb we dropped on the japs . Terrible. All of those people killed. Relays later, another b29 dropped an improved bomb on the seaport of nagasaki. A highly congested city boasting the best natural harbor in western kyushu. [explosion] this bomb, exploding over the district, took the lives of 42,000 persons. 39 of all of the buildings in nagasaki before the caty