Oo former confederacy, putting generals in charge. And it said that the governments civilian government put into place under Andrew Johnson during the war. Maybe there was an emergency during wartime. Of course he will restore government as quickly as possible. Six months, 12 months. Three years. It was closer to three. It was actually about 2. 5 years. Even as he was running for Vice President he was military governor of tennessee. He didnt like arrests as i pointed out. It said union men asked you to scary out the constitution. Not as a privilege but i demand it of you as a right. That the traitors will be shut down because the United States shall, not may, guarantee the state guarantee every state in the union a republican form of government. I call on the sympathizers here. I command the name of the constitution as it is, the protection and the port of the european men of the government for the men of the south. Sh this is a position he is consistently states publicly. He also says that mr. Lincoln came into power loving my country. As he called for men to commend the constitution of laws, he has been announced as a despa. Would not the same armies be raised. Says you complain of the great wrong he has done of arrests, et cetera. He said if i had any complaint to make it is that president lincoln has not done more to crush the rebellion. He says if he has any more complaints, it was not that he was using it to make arrests, it was that lincoln wasnt making more arrests. It was that he was not using it more. Are you laughing at the zack is laughing because this is for the Andrew Johnson historic site. In a time of war and rebellion there was no constitution. We know sometimes from the great necessity of the case, from a great emergency, we must do unconstitutional things in order to preserve the constitution itself. They have that quote at the National Historic site . If he is resisting the reconstruction efforts of congress, they say we need to reform government in every state. What is driving them . Is it constitutional principals or Something Else . We talk about the precedent when he rejected it earlier. And they just mentioned what is guiding him. He seems to be bouncing around constitutionally there is times he wants lots of arrests and times he say its is oshl. Times he says there is no precedent for military governors. I would suggest one of the things that drives him and drives his views on the constitution at various points is White Supremacy. Were going to see. He is pretty explicit on this. In one of the biggest debates is africanamerican suffrage, but washington dc. If congress the republicans in congress wanted to give africanamericans the right to vote, they could not necessarily do that in South Carolina or massachusetts until passing a constitutional amendment. Cluck connect. They talked about getting Frederick Doug last thought the meeting went fairly well. Him and the delegation left, and after ward, just after they left, they reported to a couple people at the meeting to have said this about Frederick Douglas, those blank sons of blank thought they had me in a trap. Pretty explicit, right . Maybe it is just a one off. Well, congress voted to give africans a right to vote in 1866. Johnson vetoes it. It explains entirely this is his words. Entirely regarding the kwishs of the people finish the wishes and government. It becomes the duty of the government to determine weather he should place on the statute the books of the nation to which they apply with with such u unanamity. As to them may seem best suited to their position. And he believes in strekt construction of the constitution. The legislative articles of are to construction. So if youre a reconstructionist, who has the power to legislate for washington dc. Congress, doesnt say theyre representing people there. Its not saying well the president should be involved in the process. It says congress has that power. It is very explicit. Now johnson explained no attachment to that rule of general suffrage which distinguish our policies of the nation. But there is a limit that makes the bout a privilege and a trust that requires at some times suitable for probation to give to a new chanceer class, unprepared by habits and opportunities to perform the trust, to degrade it and destroy its power. It must end at last in its destruction. What is he saying here . Saying if you allow everybody to vote, and you give them a privilege then you will destroy the republic. And that here youre giving, as he says, a new class not prepared to vote allowing them the power and the privilege of voting that will destroy things and destroy the government. Who is he referring to in that class . He is referring to africanamerica africanamericans. Who is his hero . Right, and what is andrew jackson, even the age of jackson, one of the things he is best known for . White supremacy and white male suffrage. In the space of a few years many states allowed they started to open up the ability to vote to all white men. So by political philosophy he believes sure, all white men should vote, but if if is not africanamerican men, well, theyre not prepared for it, and you see here even more clearly that this is White Supremacy guiding his interpretation here. He says that white men must manage the south. He said this is a country for white men, and by god as long as im a president it will be a government for white men. He is being pretty clear here, right . Of course when i presented in greenville, i was told those are har much worsh words. We should not say those things about them. And i said he says them about himself. Johnson wrote to congress that the he says it would be worse to give africanamericans the right to vote nap is worse than having what he considers military despotism. And probably the best biography to date of Andrew Johnson. They says it was not based on scruples but deeply felt racial prejudices. And throughout the first couple years of his presidency, he vetoes other steps, he tries to obstruct congress and tries to interfere with the military, congress and civilian agencies trying to follow a Program Designed to full if i legislation. So where lincoln is very conscious and cautious about trying to step into the bounds, of what should be congresss role. Johnson here is regulating not just through the veto but appointments and other means trying to subvert what congress is doing with regard to reskrux. A republican congressman saying if the house and nat by a two thirds vote pass a bill over the bill, the president of the United States has but one duty and that is to oh bay it. And no consideration or opinion of his will defend or protect him in any sdree. The argument is that he was not implementing some of these laws because he thought they were unconstitutional. But where in the constitution does it say that is his role. Zach is shaking his head no. Article two section three. Requires that the laws be faithfully executed. That was his job was not done. That is why congress impeaches Andrew Johnson. It is only through back channel negotiations where his efforts to pass legislation and make sure it is enforced and that he is not removed from office. And allot of this is because far from defending the constitution, or being the constitution president , he was one of the president s who ran the most afoul of it. Of not seeing himself as an executive but trying to dictate the laws in government, rather than allowing congress to do its job. Now, we saw this earlier. And it was the same slide when we talked about republicans. Antislave antislavery, well the same thing happens continually. In what ways will it serve us. And this, we have seen before, the constitution, a sign that zach recognized right away. What do you see in this cartoon. This is from the 1806s. See it is Andrew Johnson here. He has the u. S. Constitution in his hands. Seems to be a good well see, this is how we choose to remember things, how they study and do more research. I was surprised several years ago when i was looking for images and saw this temporary cartoon, but realized it had been cropped for this. This is the one that actually ran. A little boy this was a i did sas strous result. So here, johnson, a defender of the constitution, you look at the whole cartoon, it is a very different impression of what people thought of johnson and the constitution at the time. Not that he was a defender if was a constitution that was above his ability and that he was acting in an unconstitutional way. And us getting hurt by it. This is different than people at the time and reviews lincoln and now it is Andrew Johnson defender of the constitution. It is how people those to defend him, betray him, and it is lincoln if you read Popular History he might be a great president but he had finishes with habias corpus and the like. Lincoln is the one who is more a defender of the constitution and doesnt want to amend it. Who is being forced to do things he doesnt want to do like forcing freemont to repeal his proclamation. It is Andrew Johnson who says he is a strict constructionist, but it s doing things that the constitution is saying he should be doing like executing faithfully the laws passed by congress. So hopefully you see today that the normal betrayal of johnson and lincoln, maybe it should be flipped a bit. Maybe thinks about history in from of trying to see, not just a National Historic sight. Looking for something more. Thank you for being a good class today and ill see you next thursday. 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