Washington foundation he now inks as an interpreter military programs at the Colonial Williamsburg foundation. Welcoming ryanin quint. [applause] thank you. How is everyone doing . Everyone happy to be here . Not a great answer if you said five minutes into the program. I was excited when the program of announced and the idea the theme, forgotten battles of the civil war. Question became what to do next, and at the time that i worked at the fredericksburg military park, the thing about frederick spur, there were massive battles. Huge. I like to study the smaller engagements. The problem with that, the smaller they are, the harder they are to study. So, dranesville. I was hoping to create a book out of it. To talkpecially excited about it tonight. Has anyone heard of dranesville before . Whoo ok. does anyone know where it is . Less hands, but still a good number. It helps if you turn it on. It is 20 miles west of washington, d. C. The battle the encasement we will be talking about happens in december of 1861. The first year of these civil war is not over yet. We will be talking about engagements which weaned the confederate and union army. They are both trying to figure out what their deal is and we will find that this is a battle that happens as two forces with atensibly the same purpose, foraging expedition, run into each other. Andled by j. E. B. Stuart one led by edward ord. Exploring the area and they are finding there are a lot of people in the area that do not like them very much. News to me when i found that out. Is a union victory. It was a victory that comes on the heels of defeat at first atl run, leesburg, and also Wilsons Creek in missouri. , is defeats, albeit small enough to boost the flagging union morale. Its very needed, at least in the fall of 1861. 18 61 is the day after the union was defeated at the battle of bull run or manasses. The idea there is they are going to keep an eye on union forces. They are closing perilously close to the union capital. They are coming into contact with union forces outside of the capitol. We need a person to gain control of the situation and that person, of course, is mcclellan. Memberis recalled he was fighting robert e lee he comes east. When mcclellan arrives in washington, they immediately start to reorganize the chaotic union forces around the capitol. He runs into his wife by some strange operation he writes to his wife, by some strange of magic say what you will about mcclellan, and i am sure you will given the opportunity [laughter] the unions the man needs at that moment. Both armies are called the army of the potomac in 1861. And will say Confederate Union armies. Just know they are both the army of the potomac. Mcclellan will start the organizing these forces are soldiers waiting for orders. Our next slide is one of those Union Soldiers. This is charles bail from the pennsylvania reserve. He will fight at dranesville. He and his comrades in the had beennia reserves formed, the state of pennsylvania had raised too many soldiers. Have too many people. The war will be over in 30 days or 90 days, wherever it is. But the governor of pennsylvania has the great idea of turning them into a reserve corps. Thats a good thing because after the defeat at bull run, what do they need . More people . You get these pictures off boxcars and cattle cars bringing all of these soldiers from harrisburg down to washington to read so the defenses of washington are getting buffed up a little bit. Again, he will fight at the battle of dranesville. Summer, see by late early fall, the basic dispositions. You will see the union army has essentially created a buffer around the capitol. And the Confederate Army has andted a series of outposts places Like Falls Church and these places are within eyesight of the capital. Confederate flags can be seen capital,st outside the which will make Abraham Lincoln very uneasy, this idea that they are that close. What is preventing them from attacking . What i want to focus on, too, are these two people. Familiar faces to us all. On the right, colonel j. E. B. Stuart. In charge of are those outposts. In charge of the mounted cavalry, the first virginia cavalry, the second virginia cavalry, and they are working with in conjunction. They work wonderfully together. Long street and stuart really comes amid each other. You will see stuart with longstreets guiding force, stuart gets a little bit more aggressive and a little more aggressive and the little more aggressive, pushing his mounted soldiers closer to washington every day. , yoularity austria sake will notice appear is arlington. Everyone know where arlington is . Outsidelry force is baileys crossroads. Occupiesderate outpost essentially a trio of goals, and munson, the tallest of the three, is the most prominent of those confederate flags and theres almost daily skirmishing through late summer and early fall of 1861 as federal forces try to push out of washington and stuarts men pushed back. The reason i am talking about this is it is gaining stuart credibility. He proved himself up first bull run and first manasses. These engagements are proving that credibility. With credibility and accolades comes more responsibility and we will see how stuart does or does not live up to those expectations. Slide e to the next this is a print that appears in of munson hill. You will see a very prominent confederate flag. Mcclellan is being pressured by a pam lincoln. Mcclellan is being pressed by the war secretary get rid of those outposts. That is what he is trying to do. To give you an idea, one of the union account says the men can see one another plainly without a looking glass. Artillery officer is in charge of budgeting be blooming confederate corps and all of this activity is going on in Fairfax County right outside washington, d. C. Test is onrst big august 28, when union forces push out of baileys crossroads. The union army says, this is not working. We have to look elsewhere. Changes their eyesight. Instead of heading straight into Fairfax County, they will move around. They go to a place called chambers. Its their legion of five will today. Form. Omes a stepping off if this is not working, go around. What there i will turn toward again, its not much of anything today. It has been eaten up by the city this is aton, but small, small village where all of these converge and these, of course, our road. A foothold out of washington. Get more comfortable. And finally push these forces back. To be a testout run for the battle of innesville. Here we are specifically the opening days of september 1861. Its only six miles from cambridge. The garrison crossed the river. Jump. A hop, skip, and a they can move out and begin to push those Confederate Forces back. Keep that in mind. That is the idea. The village itself is hardly impressive. Again, the woodcut that appears seeharpers weekly, you what they say. Miserable broken downtown, very virginian in aspect. [laughter] there is a signpost, hardly a town in wisconsin. Again, it does not matter how many houses there are. That is the big point. Get out of washington. It falls to these three men to do that. On the left, William Smith. Nicknamed baldy. On the right, captain Charles Griffin of the u. S. Artillery. These are all pretty familiar names if you study the civil war. Here they are now. Its interesting to remember this is early in the war. When do you ever referred when do you ever hear Charles Griffin referred to as a captain . He is down the river yelling at george meade. Here he is a captain. Division, they push out. And he will give orders to lead that expedition. He has 1800 men. What he has been told specifically not to do is start a big battle because mcclellan is confident the bat the army is building of strength but mcclellan and big battles do not really jive, do they . Mcclellan says, go out, gather reconnaissance, gather forces, do not start a big battle. Thats his instruction. Smith will get his instructions following that. The injunction not to enter an engagement under any circumstances. Stevens is to march 6 miles, gather intelligence, maybe some forage, go back to ethan allen without a big fight. Thats exactly what hes going to do. Leave in the morning of september 11, 1861 and kind of jumping from ethan even our, hees arrives in the morning. And what he will do is organize the forces of defense. To break it down a little bit, skirmishers in a semicircle guarding all of those roads we have been talking about. The rest of the infantry gather all of the road networks. When the fight does start, the plea mobilize and fight them. 4 guns will guard every intersection with one gun in , theve, and finally engineers, orlando poe. This is sherman as chief engineer. Hes a lieutenant in 1861. Hos objective is to do exactly pros gather objective is to do exactly that, gather intelligence. When the soldiers came here, there were a handful of pickets that quickly raced down to the town of falls church. They see them go and think nothing of it. They are just a handful of soldiers. What can they do . But what the soldiers are doing are racing down to j. E. B. Headquarters in falls church. Because if stevens is supposed to go out and come back, stuart is the opposite. Stuart is the Confederate Response Team that can mobilize and meet any threat along those outposts. Union hears word of this forage expedition and he will. Ather an ad hoc force stevens has around 1800 men. Get 500anages to soldiers together. On the far right, major william carroll, 13 for gin infantry. In the middle, captain thomas rosser. Cannon. Have to the wo so, 500 men. Objective is to stop stevens whatever he is doing. Ut remember stevens is not supposed to get into a general engagement and that will be important in just a second. To go back to our map, we have the arrival of the 13th virginian. Stuart splits them into two pieces. A wing here and they wing there. Under the cover of the artillery , the third virginia closes in. The skirmishers are pushed. They fall back. Thats exactly what they do. The lines open fire. Respond andnon cannon griffins ca respond. Mcclellan can hear it from washington. He telegrams cambridge and says, what the heck is going on question no engagements. Why am i hearing the whole world opening up over there . The skirmishing continues. They continued their attack. Stevens gathers his men up and keep that in the back of his mind. No general engagements. The fighting continues an hour, hour and a half. Stevens returns to even allen. Stephen has accomplished stevens has accomplished his objective. He gathered intelligence, gathered forage, back to the fort. Men, in hisart, 500 opinion what has he just done . Their asses, right . Men. Outnumbered three to one. And he pushed them back. Longstreet advocates for stuart s promotion to Brigadier General and that is what stuart is going to get. George mcclellan sees the exact opposite. Our men came back in perfect order. We shall have no more bull run affairs. Success. S see it as a thats exactly what you should look at it as. Theres about 15 union casualties. Thats a handful, single digits, of confederate casualties. In the great scheme of things, not a big deal, but it was a trial run for what becomes dranesville, because in stuarts mind, he took an outnumbered force to beat a union forage and party. That is exactly what happens in december 1861 with different consequences. As we move forward in time, the union army in late september 1861 goes back to lawrenceville. They established the William Smith division. The second division, they come down from langley. That is of course where the cia and quarters is today. Left of the camp . Nothing. Its under asphalt. There are two divisions and it beejeebusipras out of union high command. They fall back to centreville. Accomplished step one. Give washington, d. C. Leaving room. With that comes the ability for more union urging parties to go to outlying areas, gather more intelligence, get more foraging parties. That gets us back to the town of dranesville. Done by bradley godfrey. This map atlas is his. Here is the map. They are moving west toward leesburg to get more food. Remember at the beginning, i mentioned the civilians in dranesville were not to happy to have them in the area. Its a story where i cannot go into too many details, but the union army would go to dranesville three times and on those three journeys, they are rest three dozen people, send tom back to prison washington, d. C. Rumors are circulating that some of the dranesville citizens have heads of decapitated Union Soldiers on their signposts. The capitated heads on signposts will get the attention of officials. They are also noticing theres a lot of for tile territory and lots of google territory and lots of lots of fertile territory and hay and grain. Its essentially a no mans land. Who ever gets there first, gets the stuff. Mcclellans reserves are sent to dranesville to gather supplies. That will create a snowball effect. What else is going on . Planning his is expedition to leesburg, what becomes the battle of balls bluff. Kind of the what if question is, what if he had continued down the road to leesburg . The battle of balls bluff maybe would have happened dramatically different or pretty much been a union victory. But he doesnt. Stone is defeated. They cruise killed. Big. But for the union army, its also a success. So, you have this time continuum. So, we go to the town itself. Because the union army has come here so many times, they are starting to mention in these reports, instead of the brick house, it is the thorton house. They are getting so familiar with the area, they know who owns the houses, who lives there. This is territory they know. We usually talk about the Confederate Army having the advantage of knowing the area. In fall of 1861, who knows the area better . Union forces or Confederate Forces question mark who has been to the town three times in a month and a half . That becomes huge. This area is intimately familiar with these Union Soldiers. Not so much the confederates. We have building suspense going on. These two men, these are fireplaces, yes . Fulton reynolds. Right, George Gordon me. They become pretty important people in 1863. Right, George Gordon meade on each of the expeditions out to dranesville, one of them leaves the leads it. Too pleased with what he is doing. For example, this house belongs to a very prominent secessionist in the area. Very fiery secessionist and his farm becomes ground zero for stealing forage. Think it should be the union armys business to take people stuff. He writes to his wife, it made me sad to do such injury and i really was ashamed of our cause. It is important to remember these armies are still young. They have a lot to learn. This war will get more vicious. Pennsylvania has three brigades. The third one . This guy. Edward ord. He is a fantastic name. His brother is named placibus. He jumps from captain to Brigadier General. Thats because of a very good his in the war department. He goes from being captain of artillery in california to being a Brigadier General in the volunteers. He has strings to pull. He graduated from west point. He was William Sherman of austrias roommate, as a matter of fact. This man knows his business. What hes doing. He will be given the instruction to head to dranesville for the third and what will be the final time. Reynolds first, meade second, third. The object of this expedition is twofold. One, secure the civilians we were talking about. Secondly, gather forage. Ord has his marching orders. Head to town. Make sure the townspeople are not being troublemakers. Gather food here it come back to langley gather food. Come back to langley. He gathers his force up. These are Union Regiments in reserves. He has about 5500 men. This is early in the war. Since when are six regiments all infantry almost 5500 soldiers . Went to you hear that . When do you hear that question mark he is marching out of langley with these forces first thing on the morning december 20, 18 61. Well, if stuart got word of the union strikeforce at lewins bill, how did he get did he get word of the union strikeforce at dranesville . The answer is of course. Came tos that stuart the camp, exley the situation, stuart says he is going to dranesville to stop the suppose it union expedition. To general Joseph Johnsons headquarters to get permission. To give you an idea, he rides through the night. It 7 00 p. M. , pitch black. Its december. He gets back to headquarters at 4 a. M. , but stuart has his approval to go. He has his approval from joseph johnston. Soldiers ofrs up his own and now hes ready to go. I mentioned that stuart has somewhere between 1600 entry 500 men. In his own report he said he had 1600 soldiers under his command. Lets cut to the chase. Butt kicked. Is kicked, andour butt you want to explain it, do you want to say you had more or less people . He also has 300 wagons of his own. Drainsis going to go to bill. He is going to gather supplies. He is going to head back to camp. A sensibly competing expeditions with wagons mt to be filled with supplies converging on each other. They are going to hit into each other. This year, not a very good map. Dont worry about it. We will get to a better one is second. Leesburg is down here further. This is the town of dranesville. What i want to point out here are the blue lines and red lines. These are skirmishers, are watchingrs who the approach of both armies will run into each other, kind of by accident. They will realize these forces are much, much closer in proximity. Force is in a bunch of pine trees. You cant move around very well and a bunch of countries. The union forces have all of these roads. Has the Higher Ground outside of town. These two skirmishing units pittsburghnd the rifles of the ninth penalty no nights ninth pennsylvania reserve. Accounts from the the ninth pennsylvania reserve. A man fighting over here. We were so intently watching the approaching column that we forgot the boys and gray could also call up skirmishers until zip, zip, zip. We rallied. Opening shots, then they fall back to the in those opening shots, Alexander Smith from pittsburgh, pennsylvania, shot in the neck. He will die two weeks later. He is the battles first casualty. He is buried at pittsburgh. This 20yearold kid falling on the pine trees as everyone falls back in confusion. Now the battle is joined. I mentioned that ord wins the foot race. This is ed alexanders map. You will see a lot of cool maps this weekend. Ed made all of these. Ed surprise me with an email saying he made me a map. This is probably the best map that exists ever on the battle of dranesville. Ed alexander deserves a huge round of applause. [applause] you will see a lot of these maps over the course of the weekend. Ord wins the foot race to dranesville. He has the turnpike, faster mobility, and the high ground. On top of the hill, he will deploy artillery. This is probably the best depiction of the battle. This is accurate, as far as i can tell. Heres the leesburg pike, the artillery, the pine tree, you have the battle unfolding the battle will hinge on 2 individuals. One is Lieutenant Colonel thomas payne of the book tells, who will command union forces. Easton. R person is we dont see many people named hezikiah. Artillery deploys on top of dranesville and opens fire. Shoot. Turkey they are firing straight down the hill as the Confederate Forces come out of the pine trees. Thomas kane leading his soldiers in the fight says forward buck tales, there is fun ahead. They take up this position in a thorton house, they turn it into a fortress and open fire. The battle has become one of this oriented confederates attacking pine trees, and union forces firing from their position along the road network. The fighting will continue. One of the canoneers pulled off their coats and came to work in earnest amidst a hailstorm of bullets. The rebels fell before it like autumn leaves before a hurricane. Only three years earlier, war had gone to artillery school. He is among the thick. He is leading this battery telling them or to elevate their pieces. Hes playing a pivotal role in that engagement. The opposite is not true for the confederates. This smoke cloud would have been located from sumter, georgia. Jed stewart, not an artillery officer, doesnt know what to do with these guns. He tries to deploy, but the road isnt wide enough. Theres too many pine trees. The battery of 4 guns can only do 2 at a time. They are getting stacked on top of each other, they cant find a valuable target. It is shooting fish in a barrel. The Union Artillery firing downhill is hitting them every single time. A graphic account comes from a confederate artillery officer who will explain the situation three men on the number gun were standing in the fire like men when a shot severed their heads from their bodies. There are numerous accounts that mentions this moment. It is worth noting these are a lot of soldiers First Experience in combat. As they deployed for the very first time and see this solid shot take off two mens heads, it sticks with you. Account after account mentions this moment. One of the canons that the sumter artillery was using was borrowed. When they returned it, the other battery finds brains in the wheel spokes. It is grisly. It continues for about two hours. If you are going to make any progress on the battle line, you have to get rid of the canons. It falls to a series of confederate infantry regiments pushing them off. They will deploy simultaneously. As you talk about the regiments, all of this fighting is occurring at the same time. One of the first regiments to deploy is the 11th virginia. They fought on july 18th, 1861, 3 days before manassas. These are the only men with combat experience. They run into the same problem, the pine trees. Colonel garland is trying to lead them ahead. He cant see anything. Visibility is about 50 yards. To give you an idea of whats going on, a soldier says theyre regimented to do much firing, because they were 200 yards from the battery. They could have slaughtered every one of them if they had shown themselves. 2 of themnfusion, walk into the pines and get lost. They get disconnected, cant find anything, so they wait for the end of the battle. Screams thater them to stand their ground as the firing continues. Stuart is running around like a chicken with his head cut off, not able to take control of the situation. This is not louisville. He attacked and the union army crumbled. At dranesville they are standing him, and ord is making him pay for every single step they take. Stewart sends a second regiment to help out. That is the 10th alabama. They will suffer some of the highest casualties of the day. To give you an idea of whats going on, they run into a series of pennsylvanians. One of them writes i ordered all of them to fire, the order was so well obeyed, the enemy was turned into confusion, and they had turned into the woods from they just advanced. The 10th alabama attacked out of the pines and into the clearing. They light them up like a christmas tree. It is horrendous casualties. On the left, the Lieutenant Colonel, who is a judge from alabama who had a leave of absence from the army to attend a court. He did not want to miss the action in his regiment, so he stays with them. Hes shot twice in the chest and is killed instantly. On the right, he gets his arm shattered. In a matter of minutes, 10th alabama loses their colonel, Lieutenant Colonel john forneys brother is also killed. Officers are falling left and right. The 10th alabama retreats and while confusion. That same confusion will continue on the left side of the road. South carolina. They are attacking into position. One of the confederate soldiers said they had as bad a position as they could. Being in the pine shrubs or they cannot see as well. One of their officers, john bratton, writes the order was given to all to fall to the ground. I gave it if no one else did. Our wives to ben, cannot know our condition. As the bullets sailed overhead. This isiring continues, a 17yearold, frank english from columbia, south carolina. 17 years old. Hes killed instantly in the battle of dranesville. Bratton and english were cousins. Bratton wrote the telegram back home saying he is dead. This fighting is going to get worse. South carolina comes the First Kentucky infantry. They see the fifth carolina in the distance and thinks they are Union Soldiers. The major of the 6th south ready,a rights he heard aim, and saw the kentuckians in the kneeling positions with their rifles leveled upon them. Then there came a solid clashing volley. Alabama is getting hit from the front, the bat, officers are going down, they break to the rear, which leaves the First Kentucky to figure out their problems. They get so close to the pennsylvanians that they call out to each other what regiment they are. They run into the ninth pennsylvania reserves, who wait, because they are not sure who is in front of them. They learn who they are and the kentuckians open fire. The volley is being exchanged at 50 yards. In the confusion of the battle, the colonel of the First Kentucky gets separated from the fighting. He has to wait until nightfall to escape the battlefield. When confederates retreat, they leave their colonel behind enemy lines. He waits for darkness and creeps back to the confederate camp. With the First Kentucky falling back, as well, you have this sketch that shows the end of the fight. If we compare, the leesburg turnpike is right here, the thorton house is right here, and union forces are counterattacking as confederate retreats were from the battle. The battle lasts about two hours. Stuart is left holding the pieces. Stuart is left so disheveled he will gather up the reins of horses and try and drag them back himself. He was Brigadier General holding a bunch of horses that were dead, because he was out of his element. Menuld write to his wife were falling like pin pins around me, but i was unscathed. The chaos of this battle, bullets, shells flying through the air. A newspaper has this to put. It talks about the horrors of the battlefield. Dead and dying all around. For the wounded that could be removed, they brought down to a place called the frying pan meetinghouse. It becomes a Field Hospital for Confederate Forces, regimental surgeons descend on the frying pan to help aid the wounded and the dying. The union army left in control of the battlefield picks up their dead and wounded, brings them back to washington. The worst of the confederate wounded are left in dranesville in private homes. The fighting starts to peter out and finally ends. Losses. On the left, the union army has about 68 casualties. Confederate has 200 an4. This is not a big battle. This is not antietam. For the soldiers who go into combat for the first time seeing people be decapitated, people firing on men, it is a horrific experience. The sixth south carolina, they lose almost 70. The 10th alabama loses 68. For the 6th south carolina, these 69 soldiers is 20 of what they brought back. In this fight, you lose 20 . And what kind of experience that leaves them. The aftermath of the defeat, you get blaming. I think this is interesting to note. People dont know who jeb stuart will become. They think hes another guy who doesnt know what hes doing. Hes a selma, alabama reporter who says stuart had risen to a post above and im sure they will eat their words. In the winter of 1861, they see a general who is not doing anything. The confederate soldier writes it was the work of general stuart. I think a very poor infantry officer, if i may judge by this affair. The affair with a strange and foolish one, so far as i am able to see and most awfully manage. Joseph johnston and beauregard are unimpressed with jeb stuart. Stuart things he is slighted. Have i know friends in congress. This backandforth sways back and forth. In the middle of that, the union army is left high and mighty. Not only do they win the fight, they gathered almost 100 wagon fools of forage during the battle. ,hey retreat back to washington check success, it is a good day. Coming on the heels of defeat, defeats and morale is pretty high. The secretary of war rights to George Mccall that it was a bright spot that gives assurances of the successes of coming events. It must be to inspire confidence and the cause of our country will triumph. The governor of pennsylvania on the right comes down to langley and instructs the regiments who have fought to have in gold letters dranesville. Morale is soaring high. Has to say. Ord he thought it was another day in the park. My artillery slaughtered them. It was the old story. They had ignoramus for a general, a fool of an artillery officer, and i took it for granted. I made the reconnaissance, i posted our artillery where i would have placed it. I smashed it well. Jeb stuart is called an ignoramus by his opponent. Lets get to the end. The battle of dranesville will recede from memory quick. The confederates know about it, they move on. Soldiers stop writing about it the next day when they get into the battles. They come back to it. This is a dedication of the ninth paint vasa pennsylvania reserve. They will remember the battle of drains bill decades later. When it comes time for their annual reunions, on the anniversary of dranesville, even pennsylvania reserve regiments that fought at dranesville have their anniversary closer to september took december 20. It is the first victory they had. It is something they have for them. They are keeping in mind. This is from 1903. The membership of the association is becoming reduced by natural causes. Soldiers are dying of old age, but they still remember dranesville. I want to finish with this last line. This. T know if i can read this is 272 names. 272 names of the casualties of dranesville. The killed, wounded, the captured of the battle. Why does the battle matter . Because they matter. There memory matters. With that, i want to thank you all for listening. Hopefully we will have a great weekend from here. Thank you so much. [applause] anybody have any questions . [indiscernible] it is escalating. Thats why he writes back to his wife that it is and what hes supposed to do. Their justification is john canal serves in the Confederate Army, hes in the infantry regiment. The idea is it is not just a random citizen, its a confederate officer they are taken from. That does not do it for mead, who says is not what hes there for. That attitude gets different as the war continues. In the fall of 18 621, people are questioning what they are doing there. Mcclelland also doesnt want to touch peoples stuff. That will change as the war continues. [indiscernible] i love the conductivity this early in the war. One connected with ord, did he become the chief of staff . Yes, chief of staff killed at sons river. He names one of his sons. [indiscernible] his brother is killed on the sheridan . Yes. Thank you. 1500. Art said he only had challenged by the media you said it was an excuse. It would be pretty easily provable. I want to know what the competition [indiscernible] a good point you mention the news reports. Are private soldiers who write letters back home to places like alabama, richmond, that they had 2500 soldiers. The soldiers with the column counting the regiments are explaining they have more. Thats why it goes towards that. When you mention superiors, it drives me insane. Joseph johnston and gt beauregard never write about dranesville. Never a report, never a dispatch. Who told jeb stuart to go to dranesville . Thats something i have never been able to discover. I cant find anything. Johnston doesnt mention it in his memoirs. Beauregard doesnt mention any dispatches. I have no idea where stuart got the idea to go. All i know is he got the goahead from johnston based on felix calloways account, because he rode to johnstons headquarters and got the goahead. Whose idea it was in the first place, i dont know. The reason i think stuart has the regiments he has, hes in charge of the outposts of the Confederate Army. Regiments were rotated every five days. It is these regiments misfortune to be on outpost duty these daay. I dont have johnston writing where he told stuart to go. It is based off of other soldiers writing into newspapers saying they had more people. Of the things i have found fascinating about this battle is jeb stuart has one of his best days of the war commanding infantry. If you think about may 8 as hes thecting the first corps, third day at chancellorsville. We forget he had this warm up. Theres amazing repercussions later on. Chris has hit the nail on the project. F this when i was working at chancellor bill and it came time for a good shot, my question was if he ever commanded infantry before may 3, 1863. Welcome to rabbit hole number one. It is interesting how you learn lessons. Hill, he doesnt send guys forward like he does here. I think hes taking his lessons and learning with them. May 30, 1863, hes whistling. Meanwhile, third army is losing tens of thousands of people. It does show a disconnect, because you should not be whistling when guys are being slaughtered. In 1861, 1863, 1864. It is a rabbit hole i went down when i asked myself if he ever commanded people before that. He says it is where the whole number one is. Imagine what other rabbit hole he has. [applause] learn more about the people and events that shaped the civil war and reconstruction every saturday at 6 00 p. M. Eastern, only on American History tv, here on cspan3. Tonight, on lectures in history, Loyola University of chicago professor Michelle Nickerson teaches a class on the deindustrialization of the u. S. In the 1970s and 1980s, and how music and Popular Culture reflected these economic changes. Heres a preview. There are many genres that come out of this period and respond to deindustrialization. They serve different purposes. For some people listening to springsteen, they are in tune with the lyrics. They feel it speaks to their experience. For th other people, it is music, a way to get away from the day to day struggles of work, family, whatever. Theres a third genre i will talk about called new wave, which becomes popular in the 1980s. Its very much inspired by disco music, the new technology that is developing in places like silicon valley. We are really in the infant stages of that. There are no instruments that emerge, like synthesizers. Be anesnt have to excellent musician on a guitar or piano to develop something new out of a synthesizer. Group that really caught my attention at the time. They are called devo. It is short for deevolution. I can tell you when i listened to devo, i had no idea what any of it meant. I didnt care, i liked the music. For these guys who were born and raised in akron, ohio, a part of the country that is hollowing out with deindustrialization, they want to create music that in many ways is a surrealist parity, a here marist response to these events. It did not celebrate the changes, it did not criticize them, it just kind of made this intentionally weird mix that call your attention to what was happening. Learn more about the deindustrialization of the u. S. In the 1970s and 80s, tonight at 8 00 and midnight eastern on lectures in history. Join the classroom on American History tv. Next on the civil war, historian edward ayers reflects on the making of his project the valley of the shadow, which tells the story of the civil war from the perspective of 2, one northern and one southern. This talk was part of the summer conference by the Gettysburg College civil war institute. Good afternoon, everyone. Im peter carmichael, a member of the History Department at Gettysburg College. Im also the director of the civil institute. It is my pleasure to welcome edward ayers for the robert bloom lecture. Professor ayers is a professor of the humanities and Professor Emeritus at the university of richmond. He also wrote the promise of the new south