Actually, this is a selfportrait of the artist himself. The model he scheduled to be there never showed up. He sat in front of a mirror and added the extra symbolism we recognize to be uncle sam. At the turnofthecentury, making all of us think of this face as the face of uncle sam. He was not unique in this particular setup and style. It is actually very reminiscent of a british poster of lord kitchener, a famous British Military leader. All of the posters we are arending in front of ou original. When you look at the entirety of the poster wall, you will see a variety of roles represented. It takes an entire community to mobilize during the war. You see images of women and children. Farmers, workers in industry. And you will get a chance to see what inspired individuals to become engaged in the war effort at the turnofthecentury. There is much to learn here at this museum, and we have just had an opportunity to share a fraction of it. It has been our pleasure to have you here. We look forward to having you visit the National World war i museum and memorial. You can watch this or other american artifacts programs at any time by visiting our website, cspan. Org history. And now, we continue our look at world war i posters at the National World war i museum and memorial in kansas city, missouri. This is American History tv, all weekend, every weekend on cspan3. Posters in world war i were the true social media of the day. There was no television or radio, and posters were used by all the belligerent countries in the war to impress their ideas upon the passerby, and make them do things that the government wanted them to do. People regard posters as propaganda, but a lot of them were used for other reasons as well. The exhibition we are featuring at the world war i museum and memorial is showing a variety of posters from many of the Different Countries that produced them during the war. They were not only incredible artwork, and many Famous Artists worked on posters and produced posters for the countries during the war, they were also representing the countries, the ideas of the countries, and they represented what the war meant to the various countries that produced the posters. Behind me is a french poster. The french used not so much patriotic themes, but they used a lot of pathos. One, we see the child being held by its mother. And the picture of the lost father up above, and the mother is consoling the child. This is getting people to give money to the war effort because the countries did not have a big pot of money sitting around waiting to fight a war, so they had to raise money. The french were very conscious of using this kind of appeal to the people. I included it in here because of that, because of showing how children were used in the advertising of the posters. And also, that they could represent many aspects of the society they were showing in the poster. When the americans got into the war on april 6, 1917, they actually created an agency to produce information that could be sent out to the public. The committee on Public Information was in charge of having posters produced for the war effort. When the americans started producing posters, especially for fundraising, they used a lot of the symbols they though t represented america. In this poster for a second liberty loan you see the statue , of liberty, and you see the American Flag and waves of american soldiers going off to fight. The main symbol of america at this time was uncle sam. Even though uncle sam had been a symbol of the United States since the war of 1812, it really came to the forefront in representing the american war effort. If you look at a lot of the american posters, a lot of the images are in multiples. You can see all of the soldiers marching and airplanes flying. Especially the airplanes, because when the americans went to fight, we did not have any airplanes really. [laughter] we used british, french, and italian airplanes. So, Artistic License could be taken in producing the posters. But when the posters were more colorful and more action oriented, they tended to get more information out to the people. The next poster on exhibit that we see is a recruiting poster for the United States marines. It is pretty basic. It wanted them to join up. It represented the marines as the fighting force that would lead the american effort during the war. The spirit of 1917 this was equated to the spirit of 1776, when the American Revolution began. This was a very important aspect of the advertising. The images they used on this poster were actually prewar images, but they dusted them off and got them back to use with the beginning of the war effort american effort in world war i. Probably my favorite poster in the exhibition is this very futuristic poster. And not only does it have this machinele image of this that would end the war. This was a real dream that machines could end the war and not have to use all the human effort up. The interesting thing about this poster, besides the incredible graphic showing this french machine killing the german soldiers running in panic before it, is it was not produced by the government. This was not for a government effort. Periodicalr a article written about this idea about having machines win the war. This advertised the sale of this periodical. In its function and its production, it is very different from the other posters on exhibit here. This is a u. S. Navy recruiting poster from the war. It really is one of the most interesting images to me because it shows the various allies of the United States and their navies, and how they really want the americans to join in with them. The poster is called all together. We see a japanese sailor, french sailor, american sailor, the british sailor, russian, and italian. Very different in that it did represent all of the allies that americans were fighting in the war with. Of course during world war i, the japanese were allies with the United States, new zealand, australia, great britain, and france. One of their main efforts during the war did involve their navy. They acted as escort for the new zealand and Australian Forces to go fight in the middle east and on the western front. They were the Escort Service for them. That is part of the history of world war i that a lot of people dont know about. Even a lot of japanese visitors that we have come here to the museum, it is always interesting for them to see that part of the history. And it is represented throughout the museum. During the war, posters played a major role on the American Home front in getting people to save wheat and take their products to be recycled, and to actually help the environment and help the war effort by, as this poster says, ordering your co al now and getting ahead of the game. Although supplies were not necessarily rationed, they were in short supply. Coal was one of these. At the time, coal was delivered by horses. It is interesting the number of posters that feature horses. Horses were still a major form of transport for the United States in world war i, even though cars and trucks were in use. Horses still played a major role, both on the home front and battlefront. I think this poster is interesting because the artwork is really expressive, and it really shows that posters could not only be advertising media, but also works of art. One of the few posters that we have in the Museum Collection is a german poster that is a fundraising poster. It is asking people to give to the war effort. It is featuring the steel helmeted german soldier, the representative of the iron germany at the time, to get folks to give money to the war effort. The problem with the german posters is that they have not survived over the years since world war i. That is one of the areas in museum, even though we have a large poster collection, we are still actively collecting german posters and posters from russia, and also the balkans and areas like that. Our collection is still very organic, and we like to represent that in our special exhibitions. As part of the National World war i museum and memorial social media efforts, we were featuring many of the posters that were going to be in this exhibition. And we wanted to create a little more public interaction with the exhibition, so we put on our social media for the posters that i had taken out of the exhibition because of lack of space. We ask our visitors to our website and social Media Outlets to vote on one of the posters they would like to have seen in the exhibition. One of the posters was voted on by a very nice lady that lives in kansas city. She herself was a veteran of the british signal corps in world war ii. She voted for the poster that featured the horse. And the Blue Cross Fund society that helped save horses. Horses were one of the major aspects of the war effort. And they were really not treated very well by the war itself. So, she wanted it in the exhibition because her father had been in world war i, and he told the family stories about how he had worked with horses as part of his war effort. Basically, that was the vote that pushed it over. And we included this poster, even though it is a fairly small poster in relation to others in the exhibition. It also gave us a human feeling to what the posters represented in world war i. This exhibit gives us the whole idea that one type of munition that was used in the war was not necessarily one that was fired or dropped from an airplane, it was one that was presented to the public to get their involvement in the war effort. And so that is the takeaway i , think i would like people to have, that they enjoy what they are seeking, but they also take that these were very important objects of the time, and they still teach us the lessons of world war i. Announcer you can watch this and other programs on the history of communities across the country at cspan. Org cities tour. This is American History tv only on cspan3. Monday night on the communicators, we are on location for the first of a twopart interview series at bell labs, one of the premier Communications Research facilities in the world, providing work in radio astronomy, lasers, and information theory. The Bell Laboratory president discusses what is new in technology, communication, and research. We have presented you with a ton of data but not necessarily knowledge, not necessarily things to help us think better. In the next era, we will connect everything in the environment, you, roads, bridges, cities, and so we can see what is going on. Its like the jetsons automatically clean for you. This will automatically manage for you. Your car may be automatically driven for you. Finally, i think cloud will come of age, the network will be valued again, and the devices will be everywhere. On you, in you, in your car, infrastructure. There is a big change coming. I think that is when we will see increases in productivity. Watch monday night at 8 00 eastern on cspan2. American history tv is on cspan3 every weekend, featuring museum tours, archival films, and programs on the presidency, the civil war, and more. Here is a clip from a recent program. It isnt the size of a brain that counts, its what it can do. Tests have shown that our three average men are equal. If you take their skins off, there is no way to tell them apart. The heart, liver, lungs, blood, everything is the same. Everything is the same, heart, liver, lungs, blood. No, not blood. Blood is different. Well, there are four different types of blood, a, b, a. B. , and o. The patient in room 216 needs a transfusion right away. I will give it to him. I am his brother. Stanley hes dead , yes, but he wouldnt be, if we had been more scientific about it. Brother or no brother, what he needs is type a. The right blood donor for him becauselong to any race the blood types appear in all races. Say, were not really so different at all. Like you say, it is just the frills. Wait a minute
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