So for about 2 years or so but because youve given so much money, the richest man is jeff bezos. If do you think that if you had stayed in college to get a degree a sign that i havent given away money fast enough to drop out of top 10 and the market has been wrong. [applause] actually market has been strong. Microsoft is up 35 this year. To what do you attribute that . The 5 most powerful companies in the world are the Technology Companies, microsoft has a god share of that, i get to spend about a sixth of my time over at microsoft, so so recently you said that the biggest mistake youve made professionally was that microsoft should have had the android technology, why was that the biggest mistake . Well, when youre in a field and youre doing what was called windows mobile, remised being the mobile operating by very tinny amount, tough trial, we didnt assign the best people to do the work. Biggest mistake i made and clearly the company that that should have achieved that and we didnt and stopped momentum to go to android and became the operating system globally. Today youre the only company over a trillion dollars, so how much better could you have been . [laughter] well, market cap is only an indirect thing that in an imperfect way will reflect what the company is doing, microsoft would be far more valuable if we had won the operating system competition, android is huge asset for google. Recently i had a chance to interview your wife belinda and she describes how you met and she said that you approached her in a parking lot and you asked her for a date and you said in 3 weeks we could have a date and she said that wasnt spontaneous enough and then she gave you her number and then you called her right away and said tonight and said that spontaneous enough. It worked out . It did. Lets talk about what you most want to focus on today which is Breakthrough Energy and what youre doing in Climate Change era, two main areas of focus are k to 12 education and health care in least wealthiest people around the world. Why are you so worried about Climate Change . Well. The Climate Change gets worse every year, what you have to do is dramatic in reshaping the entire physical economy that we have, the greatest consequence that we would have are farmers in poor countries, droughts, the floods, the heat, will cause a problem, we already have a malnutrition and deprivation to get substantially worse and its a very complex problem, not just the r d part but the recreation of products and deployment of products so helping educate people about, okay, what what are the sources of these greenhouse houses and how do you get on a path of innovation so that you can get Global Adoption and actually bring emissions down dramatically, you know, i have that now as a priority to articulate. The south side of the foundation . Okay, the part where you mitigate and help the poor countries where better seeds, better policies partly through development aids, thats through the foundation, mitigation part, the part where you invent new ways of making fuel, electricity, cement, steel, meat, thats done directly by me with a lot of investments including the funds that you mentioned, ventures is a fun that i assembled a group of 22 people to put money into companies that are trying to commercialize, breakthrough. A 1 million, you put in 250 million, can 1 billion make a difference . A billion, they have 20 investments, late next year will probably raise another billion to a billion and a half, you know, this is all about innovation broadly defined, we need to make these dramatic changes and right now the premium, if you said, okay, you to make steel but no emissions, that steel would cost you four times what steel does today. Your electric bill would more than double if we take the technology we have today, yes, supporting those companies and drawing other investors in, green investing didnt go very well in the first realm and so it looked like the field that might evaporate and not only theyve been able to invest, the first billion fully committed within the next year but weve got other investors, so thats gone quite well. The technology, they only invest in companies who have a chance of reducing Greenhouse Gas emissions by half a percent each each company. They found 20 and im sure theyll find another investor. Im the smallest investor, am i going to get my money back . Probably one of the things you invest is high risk and likely to have significant successes, you can deduct it, but risk of return are high. We do expect to make profit out of the fund. Why do you think some people that theres no such a thing of Climate Change, what is compelling to say theres no Climate Change, political reason, theres some people who dont believe that theres Climate Change . Well, they must not have taken enough science courses or something, i dont know. Climate change requires indepth study. The United States has become partisan issue which is unfortunate, you know, might make it harder to achieve the type of agreements we need in the United States, we have two people, people that deny Climate Change and those who think its easy to solve. Global warming from Climate Change . The problems caused by the Greenhouse Gases is worse than just the average temperature going up. It causes there to be extremes of precipitations, you know turn up my aircondition and so the idea that the sea level rise, heat wave, these things are Climate Change is probably better term to capture breath of problems. The history of human civilization, any evidence that people will do things that will affect their great, great grandchildren but that they wont see the benefit from . In other words, if you try to eliminate carbon in the atmosphere you cant really do it in your lifetime because the carbon is trapped there, maybe if we change policy a 100 years from now theyll be reduction, barely rarely people want to do something that will help their great, great unborn grandchildren, how do you motivate people to do something . The United States has been willing to take on very difficult problems like cancer and make gigantic investments knowing that the real payoff would be many decades down the road. When that was first being pushed, people were saying, hey, this is important. Climate change is like that where you got to take a longterm perspective and government did its best when its taking the longterm perspective and funding the basic r d and the policies that lead to scaled appointment. So today if we do nothing with respect to Climate Change will the oceans rise up and have ocean front land or is it going to be under water in 20 or 30 years . Not well, uncertainty in models are still fairly fine, we have 1 peter meter or 2meters. The numbers have gone up. Before the ipcc only took the most conservative view which would have been half meter, now the understanding is at least a meter and significant possibility that its 2meters. Electricity grid is 25 or so. Exactly. 24 comes from agriculture and forestry, why is that causing such a big increase in carbon . Well, the net category is a variety of things, when you clear land, youre taking the carbon in trees, plants, releasing all of them, like burning the land say in indonesia for Palm Oil Plantation and the other thing like cows and grasseating species have a digested system that emits methane and methane is a very powerful Greenhouse Gas and cows alone account for 6 of global emissions and so we need to change cows. Cows. Actually of all the categories, the one that is has gone better is this work and so you have people like impossible or beyond meat which i invested. Do you eat it . Absolutely. Healthier for you or atmosphere . Slightly healthier for you in terms of less cholesterol, its, of course, dramatic reduction in methane emissions, you know, animal cruelty, manure management and the pressure that Meat Consumption puts on land use, the main reason we need to increase is not the population increase, its as countries get richer eat more meat and meat is an inefficient way of creating calories and so its super helpful. With respect to solar, for example, is solar a solution to our problems . Its part of of solution, if the sun would shine 24 hours a day it does. Somewhere, then that 25 youd have a solution, so wind and solar are very helpful and the fact that the prices have come down quite a bit, but people think, may think thats a total solution to that electric sector, electricity unfortunately has to be reliable, its got to work during, you know, 10day period that tokyo needs 23 giga watts of electricity, no solar, no wind for 10day periods. The need to have base load generations like nuclear or others, or to have a miracle in storage so that you can save that energy is very high. The final solution to Climate Change, when we get to zero, a lot of things that use hydrocarbon would shift over to use electricity, one of the necessary elements is to get electricity to zero but the electric sector even in the u. S. Will have to more than double in size because transportation and buildings and industrial applications that have used hydrocarbons directly will shift over to use electricity. Electric grids, thats been in the news lately with respect to what we might have done in russia and are you worried that if we had big electrical grids the United States could be subject to be knocked out by cyber terrorism . Well, thats even true today. There are things like internet in the electric grid that modern society is very dependent upon. So as we grow the electric sector, we will have to take that very seriously. The u. S. Has not built substantial transmission, even some various projects, even that didnt get built, theres a real policy problem with transmission which is a necessary piece of eventual zeroemissionelectricity solution. You have been investor in nuclear technology, is that the solution, better Nuclear Plants . It is for many, many locations an important part of the solution to have energy thats available on demand and todays Nuclear Plants unfortunately, their safety characteristics, just dont make them competitive, so the two still being built in the u. S. , that would be fairly extensive electricity, so the Third Generation of nuclear which is what seems right now is way to expensive. The question is can we create a a new generation, fourth generation advance nuclear whose economics are over twice as good, whose safety is much better and the answer is yes, we can, because we havent done new generation of nuclear and we have much better understanding of how to do that. Whether the United States will step up for the pilot plant for the fourth generation is a question. What about fusion . Is that an answer . Its very exciting and very difficult to do. Theres about 7 companies that are messing around with fusion, put money into mitrelated one called Common Wealth fusion systems, that technologically is very, very difficult, no one has gotten to so called energy break even where you have to create 10 milliondegrees of temperature in order for the reaction in the sun, the fusion to take place and so to do that economically and get net power output is a huge scientific challenge, it definitely should be funded but unlike fusion thats very straightforward engineering to build that next generation does require invention. Fusion requires a lot of invention. What about electric cars, do you think thats a solution . It absolutely if you look at the transport sector 14 . Passenger cars with about another factor, 2 or 3 in battery improvement which is possible, the mainstream for passenger cars can become electric, you to make that transition, youve got to make sure electricity is emission, but for trucks and trains theres almost no chance batteries would be good enough and there showl still need to create liquid fuels either with electricity, biofuels, some way, fuels are amazing, you know, the emergency density of gasoline is 30 times the Energy Density of best battery we can make, if you look at a container ship that crosses the ocean, having fuels be 30 less efficient, 90 of the weight would be the batteries instead of cargo, so its unlikely to work in those cases so we need ways of making fuels that are zero carbon. When you talked to heads of state about this, do they roll their eyes, happy to meet with you, can i have a selfie, do they really do anything and what are you trying to get heads of state to do . Well, in the paris Climate Conference one of the things that was missing was the focus on r d and france actually said yes, we want this for the first time at a cost a real issue that gets the scotts and it was called Mission Innovation which Prime Minister moti got to pick the name, that commitment of over 30 governments to Double Energy r d was significant milestone that came out of that conference. In order to get that commitment ui had to make commitment that there would be Breakthrough Energy that would take things out of labs and help them get into the marketplace and so theres been some progress, climate is complicated enough that, you know, you dont want you want a broad set of people in the government to understand the complexities and in terms of the r d where it needs to be done, unless the u. S. Is engaged unlikely to happen because so much of the worlds capacity to do innovation is here in the United States. The United States pulled out more or less of the paris accord, though, not technically so for another year or so, is that of concern to you and do you think this is going to hurt the effort to change Climate Change around the world. Yeah, its a huge step backwards. Even if you meet all the current commitments in that climate accord, youre still way over 2degrees of warming and most countries are behind commitments they make, compare emissions and theres a little bit about thats easy, natural gas, onetime thing is a lot of that and yet the world is falling short and so to have people like the United States say, okay, even thats not important, it just shows how daunting its going to be, theres no way we will get there without the u. S. Coming back in a strong way. Do you think if you meet with President Trump you can convince him on paris or is that beyond your capabilities to do that . I i someone else should do that. [laughter] all right. So let me go back for a moment to early days, you famously dropped out of harvard and you then started your company, but i think said subsequently that actually you thought the computer revolution was occurring or Software Revolution was occurring but you were wrong and if you stayed in harvard for 2 years or so it wouldnt have made a big difference, is that right or not . Yes, the urgency that i felt that if i didnt get microsoft right away somebody would do a great job working Software Company and we didnt have a chance, that probably not being true, i could have waited 2 or 3 years and the opportunity to do microsoft would have been there. Anyway, i felt the sense of urgency and its not like today things like the learning company because its a great book, its not like i missed some part of my education. When you dropped out your father and mother said are you sure you know what you want to do, if one of your children dropped out of college to start a new company, what would you say . Well, i would have to say. The yes. The dropping out is not decision. You can always go back. If you dont have kids that you need to support its a very lowrisk thing particularly in the culture in the United States where trying to start something and failing is not black light of life. What was it to enable you to beat everyone else in business, bill gates, what was the unique factor that made you the most successful . Yeah, we were actually the first but there were companies and all singleproduct companies who got ahead of us in terms of sales, you know, buy by about 1991 we did become the largest of all of them, we werent an engineering company, we were about how you hire smart people and tools to develop software broadly. So, for example, word perfect was a word processor, somebody might remember, they did so well with the product that growth sales rivaled ours when we were doing products, windows that became mainstream in 1995, we became far larger than the other software companies. Now, subsequently, you know, google, apple, amazon have become, you know, also extremely successful, but in the 90s we were the strongest by far. Okay, the Largest Companies in the world in the United States are Technology Companies, apple, facebook, google, microsoft and so forth, you worry that theres too much power and too much data in the hands of Technology Companies and are you surprised that government hasnt done something more than theyve done today about that . Well, technology has become so central that government has to think, okay, what does that mean about elections, what does it mean about bullying, what does that mean about wiretapping authority that is let you find out whats going on financially or, you know, drugs, money laundering, things like that, so, yes, the government needs to get involved. I for the earlier years of microsoft said to people i didnt have an office in washington, d. C. And eventually i regret that statement because its like taunting washington, d. C. And so now the Technology Companies partly because of microsoft, they could have seen that lesson through at t or ibm or kodak, they are engaged. Theyll be more regulation of tech sector, things like privacy and im sure theyll be federal regulation, the fact that now consumes media has broadened into a realm that we need to shape it so that the benefits outweigh, outweigh the negatives. All right, so its said that when facebook was coming along you would try to buy facebook, you regret not paying a higher price because you could have bought it for a billion or 2 billion . We bought a small part of facebook and that was a super successful investment. What mark did wasnt within our ambient, unlike mobile operating system which absolutely was because of engineering culture, doing social network thing, we werent depth, now we have linkedin which for professional communication and networking is in a very strong position and helps lots of growth opportunities. There was a company that was started in seattle near you, Company Called amazon, and they were supposed to be selling books over the internet and later other things but then they started Web Services Cloud business and now youre number 2 and are you surprised that you were beaten to that game by company that wasnt the Software Company . Well, the natural companies to do the cloud would have been your classic enterprise venders, ibm, oracle, sap who in terms of horizontal cloud arent there at all. It is a surprise and huge credit to jeff bezos and his team that they got out in front and did the best cloud product. Today the microsoft is a strong number 2 and huge distance to number 3 and so it is a source for microsoft, but, yes, Many Companies including microsoft who should feel bad that they didnt they didnt get ahead of amazon in doing that work. So if you were 20 years old today and you wanted to start a new company, drop out of harvard, what company or what area would you want to start it in . Well, this is a great time to be doing innovation because the tools of innovation are so much better. There are lots of things in biology that are very interesting, there are lots of things in energy that are interesting, given my background i would start an ai company that the goal would be to teach computers how to read so that they can absorb and understand all the written knowledge of the world, thats an area where ai has yet to make a progress and will be quite profound when we achieve that goal. So are you worried about the power of ai to disrupt our civilization, put people out of work, those kinds of things . The increased connectivity that would come from ai will create dilemmas about what should people do with that extra time and youve got to consider that a good thing even though it will be an interesting set of adjustments that have to take place. So most people over the last 200 years or so whoever the wealthiest person was, didnt work that hard when they were 50 or 60, what motivates you to still work so hard . I love my work, the work of the foundation is interesting, i get to meet with scientists, i get to go in the field, your habits are sort of sets in your 20s and 30s and my standards of 20s, you know, i didnt believe in weekends back then, not to mention vacation, some fairly lazy compared to 20s. All i believed in was working on software, night and day and for my 20s that was perfect. I didnt have a wife or family at all and my role was very hands on role. You know, im very lucky that my Foundation Worked, the part time work i do for microsoft, i see that extending for decades into the future and having an understanding of innovation, you know, i think shaping innovation in many of the areas, theres the unique role that i can help play. Okay. But being bill gates and being famous over the last quarter century, can you go to a restaurant and people dont bother you . People are pretty nice about that particularly if im with my family, people are discreet. Youre driving a car people ever stair at you sure. Sure, thats okay. And when your sport now is tennis . Thats right. You play with some of the best players, Roger Federer and you get points off of those players . Not if theyre playing full out, not a chance. And youve given up golf, that was one of your other sports . Largely given up, still play a little bit. What about bridge . I love playing bridge, its a game that the players are aging quite a bit, hasnt caught on with young people. Good or bad . Its unfortunate because its a great game, but so when you want to go buy something, can you go in a Department Store and buy anything or how do you shop, you shop online or buy anything, use credit card or cash, what do you do . For a while i didnt do that much but its something one of my daughters enjoy thing is helping pick clothes for me, we go out and go shopping together and shes got good taste, its a neat fatherdaughter activity. One time your wife told me that you dropped your daughter off in college the first day at stanford she graduated now, the roommate didnt know that she was going to be the roommate and you needed things to fix up the room and you went to lowes to buy things in lowes, was it unusual for you to go to lowes, did people stare at you or go to walmart . It was hard to assemble. [laughter] you know, i wanted augmented reality to help, show me how to put pieces together properly. People are very nice, you know, overall super nice. Youre relaxing today, is it trip with your family, go to place youve never been before, go on boat, play tennis, the best way to relax . You know traveling and i get to do quite a bit of reading on that case. You read how many books a year, you try to read 50. 50 books a year. And you comment on those books and recommend those books . Probably 15 a year i do serious reviews of. I mentioned once im reading the stroops, the great history of the United States, but theres so many fantastic books. I have one coming up, can you review that . I will, i will. Lets go back to your foundation. I asked people all of the time, i say to them, suppose you had the problem with bill gate and linda gates, 100 billion or whatever it might be, okay, i give you 100 billion and then you go buy yacht, plane, then you have 99. 5 billion left, what do you do with that and did you have the problem and you assessed the two most urgent issues k to 12 in the United States and health in less developed areas, any regrets and have you made progress on either of those two . Well, health is biggest area and there the progress has been really unbelievable not just because of our work but because partners that include the u. S. Government spending, european donors that really stepped up on health issues, one of the metrics of importance is the number of children who die before the age of 5. When we got started in the year 2000, that was over 10 million a year, now 5 million a year. And so, you know, its mind blowing and people are not aware of the issues as like them to be. Those deaths because of getting out vaccines and understanding a bit more about nutrition, those deaths have been cut in half. Now the goal is to cut them in half again by 2030 and we do have pipeline of new vaccines and and new tools particularly in nutrition that give us an opportunity to do that. Because of partnerships weve had and innovation, more successful than weve expected. Our u. S. Education work that is not just k through 12 but includes higher ed as well, the key metrics dropout rates, math and verbal achievement, those metrics have moved essentially not at all and even as the u. S. Is spending more resources on education, we spend by far more than any country in the world and yet our results are quite a bit worse than almost all the other rich countries and even some middleincome countries, even vietnam now is passing us in terms of their math results, so the the field will hold and does not have impact we hope for. Part of what we try to do is common core and that was controversial but now largely been adopted . Yeah, so in the United States there were some very strange things that is our math test books were twice the size of the other countries, in fact, 3 times the size of singapore which has the best math education in the world and that come about because of this process where the textbook companies always wanted adoption of new textbooks so they didnt have to compete with used textbooks, they got thicker and thicker. The u. S. Would would tend to try to teach too much in a year instead of really cementing the basic knowledge and so the idea of the common core was to say, what math should you learn in various grades, make sure that by High School Graduation you have reasonable math skills. And so it became more rigorous, it matched what the best standards in u. S. Were which were in massachusetts and it meant that all the online materials and kids who moved between School System would have alignment and the worlds most logical thing and yet it was super packed, you know, as though math in one state is different in another state. Almost a subtle thing. So warren buffet, can you describe your relationship with him . He is a little bit older than you and youve developed close relationship and ultimately he gave you a large part of his fortune for your foundation, how did that come about and were you surprised that he did that . Yes. Warrens 25 years older than i am. You know, hes absolutely an amazing person and i was lucky enough to meet him in 1991. I didnt reluctantly. I didnt think i wanted to meet him buying and selling stock as value added part of society. Except for private equity. [laughter] im more involved in the innovation part but when i met warren, the fact that he had this model of how the world worked, you know, he asked me why cant ibm put you out of business which is a very smart question, you know, because of the time ibm was 10,000 times our size and yet we would go on in terms of Software Innovation and even Value Company to surpass ibm who was the dominant Computer Company when i was growing up by when you developed the software for their ibm pc they should have bought it from you as opposed by licensing it . That would have helped them but wouldnt have changed things. What happened in computing required really thinking about the micro processor and it really is kind of dilemma, way of looking at personal computing that technologies that came out of that now dominate everything, corporate computing, cloud computing. Warren buffet, you developed the relationship with him, became bridge player with him. Yeah. One day he calls you, guess what, i have extra 100 billion, i dont know what to do with them, i will give it to you, what do you say . It was unbelievable that he chose a substantial part, he created foundation that are that hes giving substantial money to, High Percentage of that went to our foundation, basically doubled our ambition and so, you know, going after malaria eradication, new seeds, we added agricultural thing, we added sanitation because of incredible resources. We asked him and he said no. Anyway, warren is an unbelievable person, ive learned immense about from warren. Everywhere you go, i have thing you should invest in, i have a couple i will mention later, for a couple of things you should invest to or give money to, how do you resist, do you have a person that says no for you or how do you do that . Many people. Once you pick what your care about, if somebody has something that can make a difference in Global Health we are super interested, we have staff of 1500 people and if its to do with global and some people talk through whatever your innovation is and how we can partner with you on that, you know, thats clearly in our area, if its something that substantially improve k through 12 education, then we will be very interesting in it. If people are asking outside of those things, then, you know, fortunately you can say no because focus is key. So people have recognized over the years that raising children is difficult, if you mess up raising your children nothing else matters. You have 3 children, seem to be well adjusted and you kept them out of newspapers and so forth, how did you do that and is that been more of a challenge raising healthy kids with wealthy background that you have, how do you avoid spoiling kids like that . I think thats a huge problem. You know, obviously our kids have benefited from having a great education and opportunity to travel and, you know, so they have very lucky in that sense, making sure that the visibility of the way people treat them is not unnatural, theres some challenges that come about, so far theyve handled it well. Melinda is the one that deserves all the credit for the kids so far doing very well. You know, our kids weve said to them that, you know, the money is going to the foundation and so they dont think of themselves assort of aristocratic. Can you give me a little bit or something, they dont ask for some . Theyll get a little bit. [laughter] but are they going to be involved in the foundation . No. The foundation you have a finite length of the foundation, i think its 20 years . Yeah. So why not have foundation . Well, warren has influenced my thinking on this quite a bit, the idea our foundation is aimed at eliminating the diseases that disproportionately affect the poor, try to make it fundamental where your born chance of survival and longing a long healthy life are equal throughout the world. That should be achievable, you know, assume melinda will live another say 40 years, that gives us 60 years to solve those problems. Thats doable and we should take all of our money and put it against u. S. Education and Global Health and theyll be problems in the future at least from my grave i wont understand very well and theyll be rich people, in fact, more rich people in the future than there are today so they should use their intelligence and understanding to go after those problems, having a pile of my money left over to go after those problems just doesnt make any sense. How much money has your Foundation Given away today . About 40 billion. 40 billion. We are now up to giving 6 billion a year. Okay, thats pretty good. [applause] so do you have any regrets of not having started philanthropy earlier . You didnt retire microsoft about 50 or so . Until the year 2000i had not done significant philanthropy. I had given a few hundred million dollars, in the year 2000i put 20 billion into the foundation and so thats when we got serious. I say so. I was part time on the Foundation Work from 2000 to 2009 2008, sorry, when i retired from microsoft and then i flipped so i was fulltime at the foundation and part time at microsoft and thats worked out well for me, you know, some of the issues, yes, i wish for hiv vaccine we had started sooner because we would be further along, anyway, the timing has worked out well. Do you have any regrets in your life, you have a life that most people would love to live, happy family, great marriage, business success, is there anything, make us feel good by saying you have done something that didnt work out, all of us feel bad because we look at you and cant look at you, there has to be something. I am super lucky. Marrying melinda, the experience at microsoft but although it had ups and downs phenomenal, the work of the foundation, and no regrets about anything . I wouldnt change anything. For example, the antitrust lawsuit against microsoft, you know, was bad for the company, it created a lot of distraction, we would have done a lot of things if it hadnt been for that, in a way it was a lesson for me and probably accelerated my retirement by 5 or 6 years which overall for me probably was a good thing, i dont think it was a principal set of activities but thats another story. Today the greatest pleasure of your life is when youre doing what other than being interviewed by me or what are the greatest pleasure of your life . You know time with kids, time with scientists, time when im reading and things are making sense, you know, going out and seeing the impact of the foundations work, meeting with saturday nighttists who think we scientists, these are super interesting problems and, you know, having a broad set of system thinking applied to these problems is going to be necessary to orchestrate the resources and policies behind them, i love my work. So your children are not married i think is that right . Not yet. When they are are you looking forward to having grandchildren . Absolutely. Would you teach them software or no, i dont think of microsoft as organization. [laughter] im just one person i dont have the resource that is bill gates have, what can an average person do to have impact on Climate Change in your view . Certainly they as a consumer can take things like the new Meat Products or how they get electricity and help drive up the scale of the green solutions. The most important things at this stage is their political voice. Theres going to be a need to put substantial resources into this effort we will need a bipartisan solution and to send the right signal to the market, you actually dont if you just win one year and then it gets repealed, that doesnt help at all. The key is what people see the policies will be over the next 30 years on a consistent basis and that means its a much higher bar than just a onetime victory. I should have asked you, linda and warren buffet, if i would like to convey message, the average person, what would you ask the average person to do . Well, the best thing is to pick a couple of causes that you believe in deeply and find organizations that you can get involved in. The social services and local communities, Charter Schools and local communities, theres a host of very highimpact local things. The dollars you give to global needs actually will have substantially more impact per dollar because the, you know, if you can safe a life for a thousand dollars, you fund measles vaccination or polio eradication, those things are, you know, pretty mind blowing in terms of the difference they can make. Fill an thropy is not comparing every single cause and choosing the most impactful. Has to be something that connects with you personally, even the climate area, whether its advocacy or behaviors consumer, theres lots that people can do that give us will increase chance of success. So bill, i want to thank you for taking time, we have two gifts for you, one is this, we know youre a puzzle fan so we have a puzzle made up of washington, d. C. , you can see. Fantastic. [applause] good job, thanks. [applause] [inaudible conversations] finishing up coverage of bill gates remarks at the economic public washington, if you missed any of the live broadcast this event will be online shortly to view any time, go to website cspan. Org and just type bill gates in the video search box. Looking congress and house today both in session, the house gaveling in about just under half hour for speeches at 3 for legislative business, more work expected on 2020 spending bills, any requested votes taking place at 6 30 eastern, the senate will gavel in at 3 00 more debate expected on defense programs and policy bill with vote to officially proceed to the measure set for 35 30 eastern today, you can watch the senate live right here on cspan2 and the house on cspan. Tonight on communicators, we continue visit on the hill to hear about samsungs program solve for tomorrow which challenges kids to use stem to improve communities. [inaudible] whenever the door is closed and theres an intruder in the building, that box will slide right in. Tonight at 8 00 eastern on cspan2. In 1979 Small Network with unusual name rolled out a big idea. Lets viewers make up their own minds, washington policy for all to see, unfiltered content from congress and beyond. A lot has changed in 4 years but today that big idea is more relevant than ever on television and online, cspan is your unfiltered view of government so you can make up your own mind brought to you Public Service by capable or cable or satellite provider. Now vermont senator bernie sanders, Clinton College in rock hill, South Carolina over the weekend, this is about an hour. [inaudible conversations] rock hill, how are you doing tonight . South carolina, please welcome to the state jaylin. How are yall feeling today . [cheers and applause] yall feeling the burn . All right, all rightmy
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