Create a future with ai that is positive for humans and machines. We are fortunate these conversations are happening more and two of the president fought leaders driving these conversations our special guests tonight. We will hear from the director of the mit initiative on the Digital Economy, Erik Brynjolfsson, and author of two bestselling books. The second machine age and machine platform crowd harnessing the future. Next we will hear from max tegmark of the Life Institute and author of the new book just coming out, life 3. 0 being human in the age of Artificial Intelligence. And i understand it is in its second week on the New York Times bestseller list. The two gentlemen have a conversation together and time for questions with the audience before we conclude with a reception and a book signing. With further a do, join me in giving a warm welcome to Erik Brynjolfsson and max tegmark. [applause] i am so delighted to be here, a pleasure to have a chance to share the research we have been doing in the work we have been doing on the Digital Economy about Artificial Intelligence, how it is changing society. I had my thanks for supporting this and inviting me and especially thanks to max tegmark. We have known each other three years but he is one of my best friends, on the cover of his book, and absolutely joyful mind and when he said lets do this i jumped at the opportunity mainly because it is fun to talk and you will find out in a little while we will have a fun conversation where we interact and looking forward to hearing your questions and comments and everybody will participate. We live in very unusual times right now. As you may have read, cars are beginning to drive themselves, people are walking down the street talking to their phones, not talking to another person, they expect the phone to understand what they are saying and talk back to them. Still a little bumpy, not that good at it but beginning to talk to us and about a 10 year period we are going from machine mostly not understanding us to machines understanding us pretty well. That is a unique time in Human History and we are lucky to participate, to be part of it. It opens amazing possibilities, these could be the best decade in the history of humanity or could be one of the worst because the power being unleashed by Artificial Intelligence is unlike anything we have seen before. Let me set the stage by defining what we are talking about. Artificial intelligence is a set of techniques that imitate the human mind, the turing test, you may know proposed by the famous Computer Scientist alan turing, could you speak to a machine and not know whether you were interacting with another human aura machine . Machines arent passing the test yet but are getting closer and closer especially in certain narrow areas. With that is a category called Machine Learning and this is driving a lot of things, good oldfashioned ai was an area where we would teach machines what to do, we write down symbols and say this is how you play checkers, this is how you play chess, these are the rules and how you prepare taxes and machines follow those instructions. Now the Machine Learning revolution is taking over. Instead of us humans having to tell machine stepbystep what to do which frankly didnt work that well. It was okay but ran into a lot of barriers. Now machines are learning themselves how to solve problems, figuring it out and the way they do that mostly is different techniques but the main approach is we give them lots of examples, this is a dog, this is a cat, this is a dog, this is a cat and i wondered how many times, they do it 10,000 or 1 million times and the machine goes i see the pattern here. It will start learning and the nice thing is we have so much digital data we show lots of examples of fraud or successful go moves, and eventually start learning these patterns statistically. And a subcategory of that but the biggest part of the breakthrough especially in the past about 5 or eight years, deep learning or deep Neural Networks, loosely based on the human brain, let me show you some examples from a subcategory called reinforcement learning, and new strategies on their own so when example is the group of people at a Company Called the mine, what they did was on the cover of nature, they gave the Machine Learning album the pixels for atari games, how many of you have played Space Invaders . How about breakout . I will show you the game of breakout, they just gave the machine they didnt say this is a panel, this is a block, this is a ball, the machine had to figure that out, learned on its own. They gave it the raw pixels, controller that could move left to right, and a score that said heres the score, look at the score, your job is to move the paddle, move around the controller, they didnt tell it was a battle, to adjust the controller and make the score as high as possible so at first machine wasnt all that good. It would sometimes get lucky and hit the ball. Other times it would completely miss it. It was randomly moving but when it was successful the score went higher, got to do more than that, reinforcement learning and after 300 games it was pretty good, as good as a good teenager, planning successfully, let it running for a wildland they dont play breakout but a strategy here figured out how to send the ball behind, we didnt know you could do that. The machine not only learn how to play but how to play better, a newborn baby being born and in the hospital, you hand it a game and by the end of the day beating the surgeons, the doctors, that is how fast it is learning and that is a cool little example, a scientific progress and the same technique, worked on Space Invaders and other games, didnt work on all of them but had a feedback loop where if you did something the score would change quickly, able to learn on its own pretty quickly with no control programming. You can use the same techniques for other things, not just games but a data center where google has their Computers Running as a big videogame, all this data coming in and temperatures, the score is try to make it is deficient as possible, lower the cooling bill is much as possible in your controller, just little valves, left and right. They had a bunch of smart phds working on optimizing this so they thought they had it running as efficiently as possible but once they got the Machine Learning algorithm against it, it got dramatically better so you see before the Machine Learning algorithm, turning machine on, it is 30 more efficient. It was back before. The machine figuring out how to run their david Center Better than all these geniuses at google were running it and doesnt take much imagination for that one data center, now we do it for all the data centers, all kinds of factors, steel finishing lines, and makers of any kind of object. There is room to apply these things and improve all sorts of categories. Three big breakthroughs where Machine Learning has made a big difference that werent important as recently as 10 or 15 years ago, in our book to some extent, vision and language, the physical world and problem solving so for instance you may want to get some snacks afterwards, be careful what you are reaching for. There are muffins here, not all of them are muffins. Sometimes we can make mistakes. At stanford, a very large database with 14 million images and each was painstakingly labeled by humans as to what they are and back in 2010 when they did that, the machines, they were wrong about 30 of the time. Today they are wrong about 2. 6 of the time. The steep curve was when they started using the neural net Machine Learning algorithms. As a Reference Point humans are 5 . They havent improved a lot in that time period. We saw the same hardware and software. It is important Inflection Point because what that means is many tasks that used to be better to have humans do them, better to have a machine do them or more accurate to have a machine do them and that shows up in a number of areas, you can use that to diagnose the same algorithm and show examples of patients the dont have cancer and patients the do have cancer and machines figure out as well or better than human pathologists, paper looking at skin cancer and it did better so this is the past few months or you few years. I mentioned voice recognition. 8. 5 error rate, that is in the past year, not like over the past we 10 years, that is the past year since july 15, 2016. Humans are 5 error rate too so it is in that ballpark. Not quite better than humans and that is opening a lot of economic possibilities, tracking the physical world, when you see and recognize things, pedestrian or bicyclist starts becoming feasible to give control of the car to a machine when they start doing these they made errors one for 30 frames, once per second, now it is once per 30 million frames. You can go years without making a mistake, better than human so very soon we will see more of these. I have written in a bunch of them and feel comfortable driving down the road, being driven down the road making a left turn in traffic waiting is ultimately much safer, 30,000 deaths by humans dropping by 90 or 99 when machines, probably not 100 so we have to face some ethical issues when machine drivers still make mistakes but it will be dramatic and safe and beginning to work in factories, at the Computer Science at ai lab at mit has a company in boston called reef robotics, baxter works for 4 an hour doing simple tasks. You dont have to do Computer Programming, you show baxter what you want to do and put it in a box and after a couple examples, i like what you do and it does that path and 7 days a week, 24 hours a day. I was just on thursday watching another robot a little bit like this, sorting things, soft object like clothing, faster than humans did and that will replace a great deal of work in those areas. Last but not least, medical diagnoses, the legal area talking to guys at jpmorgan and they see a lot of relatively routine legal work, 30,000, 360,000 hours of legal work, what does this mean for the economy . Let me touch on that. First off, there is good news but also big challenges. Makes the pie bigger but there is no economic guarantee anyone will benefit. It is possible for some people, to be made worse off than they were before. That is part of what is happening the past decade and it could get worse if we are not careful, productivity has continued to grow and gdp is at a new alltime high but the median Family Income is lower now than it was in 1990. They just had reports in 2016, there was an uptick over 3 last year, depending how you do the adjustment it may have matched the previous high although if you normalize it it is still lower than the previous high in 1997. We are roughly flat in that period. How could median be so much lower than per person . Median, the museum of science, the 50th , not the average but a person in the middle, half of people are higher and half are lower so the median can stay flat if you have a bunch of wealth going to the top 1 or top 1 10 of 1 and that is what is happening as computers kicked in, there has been biased technical change and you heard about the 1 , the one present have their own 1 up here, the share of income, a new record high, only time it was close was before the Great Depression if there is any consolation. We are having an economic challenge of the pie getting bigger, when happening, the distribution is becoming more and more skewed and many reasons for that, part of it has to do with tax policy, international trade, most economists including me see the Way Technology is being used as the number one driver of that. That is not inevitable. Ultimately we have an opportunity to rethink how to organize the economy. Of the pies getting bigger creating more wealth, for everyone to get richer at the same time we can make the rich richer, the middle class richer, the poor richer, we could all be better off at the same time, that mathematically adds up but there are some choices we have to make as a society what we want to do in terms of taking advantage of this. Business as usual wont falls the problem. We are doing a number of things to address it, trying to understand the drivers of this, do some research, we organized the inclusive innovation challenge, and to another event on october 12th at Boston City Hall plasma, the governor, eric schmidt and a bunch of other people will be coming to talk about how to use technology to create shared prosperity for the many and not just the few. With that, let me leave you with the closing thoughts and these technologies are certainly wondrous give us all sorts of opportunities, they can be used for good or to create vast wealth but dont automatically lead to distribution makes everyone better off so it is important, glad youre here, for all of us to about what we can do to change the society we have towards a better one end how to use technologies for broadly shared prosperity. Let me turn it over. Thank you for inviting me here. And thank you for your friendship and kind introduction, setting me up. So wonderfully here. Lets see if this will cooperate. I will continue further forward in time and talk about what will happen if ai gets even smarter. Will it be like the human in the age of ai and what it should be like. Lets go far back and look at the big picture. 13. 8 billion years ago i have to start here. The universe was very boring, almost uniform plasma everywhere and nobody there to witness it or enjoy it. Gradually the laws of physics clumped this into galaxies, stars, 4 billion years ago the first life appeared on earth, that life was pretty good. I call it life 1. 0 because it couldnt learn anything in its lifetime like bacteria here. Life 2. 0, we can learn and if we bring a metaphor of thinking of the computer of sorts, learning corresponds to uploading new software into our minds. If i want to learn spanish i can spend a bunch of time uploading the spanish module and have new skills. Bacteria cant do that and precisely this ability to learn, change our own software enabling cultural evolution, made us the most powerful species on this planet. 3. 0 would be if you can also design your own hardware. We humans are trying to head in that direction, we are at life 2. 1 right now, artificial needs, artificial pacemakers, but true life doesnt exist, Artificial Intelligence might help us get there. We heard from eric that ai is getting smaller and we heard from eric, traditionally Artificial Intelligence used to work, the world chess champion 20 years ago, people taking their own intelligence and encoding it into a Computer Program with them, think faster and remember more where the recent progress as we heard from eric has been driven by Machine Learning where you have simple machines with simulated Neural Networks inspired by human brains and train them with massive amounts of data and pixels and outcomes, young people playing a game of frisbee, the same thing in this image, it heard of elephants walking across the glass seal. Even more striking if you look at playing Computer Games as we saw in this example eric showed. Once the computer can learn to play party games, that tells you there is a lot of room for growth. Thinking of life itself as a game, when you get rewarded for certain things and try to learn, the same company that did this just came out with the following result where they trained toy robots to see if they could learn to walk, points when they were able to move forward but the software, had never seen a video, nothing about the concept of walking, did this in simulation because it was cheaper than doing it with metal objects the kept falling down but the idea is the same. Nobody taught them to do this. It learned by itself. They tried a variety of different body types including animals who learned to run or jump and so on. Anything where you have a goal can be thought of as a game, whether it is the stock market or playing a sport. Where is this taking us . I like to think of all intellectual tasks as forming the landscape like this where the height is how hard it is for machines to do. The ocean level being how good machines are at doing it at present. Our chess playing skills have long since been submerged by machines to multiply numbers even longer ago with calculators and that kind of thing. The Worst Career Advice to give our kids is it encourages them to do jobs on the boundary about to get submerged. Sea level is rising in this metaphor of a landscape, machines keep Getting Better and fascinating to wonder what will happen. Something machines will never do the things we do but a lot of leading Computer Scientists machines will eventually do everything we can do in 30 years or so and then what . Very interesting choices to make here and i feel these are choices we shouldnt make after thinking about them. In that spirit i found a bunch of colleagues, do you want to stand up . Two of the cofounders here, and your son is also someone we are happy to have with us here, the idea of the Organization Helps create the best possible future with technology seeking in advance and what we do to get things right. Im optimistic that we can create a wonderful future with technology as long as we win this race with the growing power of technology and the wisdom we manage the technology but in order to win this race we need to change strategies, and we stay here and amended fire, screwed up a bunch of times and invented the fire extinction, we invented the car, invented the seatbelt and airbag and a good strategy. As Technology Gets more powerful eventually we reach a threshold where the technology is so powerful you no longer want to learn, you want to plan ahead and get things right the first time, might be the only time you have. Nuclear weapons is in that category. What we dont want to learn from mistakes is have a nuclear war, maybe should have handled that better. Superhuman intelligence is in that category also. We need to shift from being reactive to being proactive. Some people call that being alarmist scaremongering. I call it safety engineering. When nasa systematically taught through everything that could go wrong with the First Mission to the moon they were not being scaremongering is. Precisely what they did lead to the success of the mission. They thought through the things that could go wrong and made sure they didnt. What did my suggestion for what we should do let me tell you four things i thought would be good. We should try very hard to make sure we get an International Treaty against lethal autonomous weapons, the biologists and chemists are very happy if i ask you not bio weapons. If i asked about chemistry, what do you think of . New materials rather than chemical weapons because those scientists came out and persuaded politicians of the world to ban bio weapons and chemical weapons. Physicists have a more ify scorecard, when you read about kim jongil and Vladimir Putin and donald trump, physicists feel responsible for this. Ai researchers feel very strongly they want to be like biologists and chemists and keep the wonderful power of ai focused on things like curing cancer and doing all that wonderful stuff eric mentioned rafter and making a dramatically cheaper to murder people. Is a good economist can tell you, if you take Something Like that, and you drive the price to 0, this will lead to places we dont want to be. That is number one on my list to keep us focused on civilian things and there is real hope for that because superpowers ought to lose. As eric said, try our best to make sure this growing tide that ai can create makes everybody better off, look forward to talking more with you after this about what we can do and to invest in ai safety research. What do i mean by that . There are a lot of nerdy technical problems we need to solve to transform todays hackable computers into robust ai systems we can really trust. Raise your hand if your computer ever crashed on you . That is a lot of hands. How did that feel . Not good. Frustrating. Frustrating is in the word you would use if what crashed was the ai that was controlling the Us Nuclear Arsenal or other key infrastructure in the world. It is incredibly important to up our game in terms of safety. Another key challenge is make sure the gold machine have aligned with ours. It doesnt have to be a frightening thing to be in the presence of other entities, we have all done it. When we were all about this big we were in the presence of more intelligent entities. Their goals were aligned with the goals. But if you tell your future self driving car will to go as fast as possible in your being chased by Police Helicopters and they say thats what u. S. For will then you begin to see how hard it is to get them to understand our goals. We all know how tough it well know how tough that can be just from trying to get her two children to adopt our goals and the full well know what we understand what we want. To retain articles also. My kids are much less interested in legos than when they were little. We program it seems to be nice to us. We dont want them to start thinking getting bored with us. A lot ofet technical challenges. Just to summarize why i think we should take seriously the possibility we might get machines that are smarter than us and why these features are so important. Let me summarize this in a very short little video. Will Artificial Intelligence ever replace humans is a hotly debated question. Some claim it will gain and out before humans and destroy humanity. Others say dont worry be another tool we can use to control her current computers. So here we are going to share the takeaways of the conference. Will separate myth from fact. First off machines have long been better than us at arithmetic or weaving. Their mechanical and repetitive. Why should i believe that there some things that are impossible for machines to do. Weve thought of intelligence is mysterious that can only exist in biological organisms. Theres no law that says its impossible to do that Information Processing better than humans do. And some machines do things better than humans. This suggests that weve only seen the tip of the iceberg and long track to unlock the intelligence to help you for sure flounder. How do we stand the right side . What should we be concerned about . This would have been a concern. Super intelligence that doesnt ensure goal. If you think of muscle is coming in on you what matters is what it hes seeking missile dozen how well it doesnt. Its competence. Super intelligent ai is very good at attaining goals and the most important thing press to do is make sure the goals are aligned with ours. Cats and dogs have done a great job of lining their goals with the goals of human. I can help think that kittens are the cutest particle in our universe. We could be better off with cats and dogs will ensure that ai adopts our goals. And when is that going to arrive . Super bowl doesnt have been negative. If you get it right it could be the best thing that happened to humanity. Everything i love about humanization has to do about intelligence. Humanity might flourish like never before. Most researchers think super intelligence is decades away. Research thinks it may take decades. We need to start right away. We need to figure out how machines learn and adopt the goals and retain the goals. What about when they disagree . Should we vote, should we do it the president wants, what ai decides . The question of how to live with it is what sort of future we want to create we shouldnt just be left to ai researchers. Thanks. So how do i get involved to make sure we dont live in a dictatorship of superpowers. Im interested to continue the conversation to hear what kind of future you want to create with the technology. Thats a question that should not be left to geeks like myself, it affects us all. Thank you so much. [applause] maxillary dentist or the conversation. They will ask you to join in. The pen was asking you a question, when do you think artificial general intelligence will be here and you dodge the question. Scientists eight to make predictions about the future but audiences love it. I was at the conferences and we did polls see you can be more precise about what people at the conference is saying when we might have machines like that and maybe define agi and where you put yourself. What we mean by intelligence . What i mean is simply how good the machines the thing is at accomplishing its goal. We have narrow intelligence letter can multiply the number fast but the artificial general intelligence as broad as ours so we asked leading ai researchers by when did they think machines could outdo us at all goals . The answers interesting. First of all there was a disagreement. Thats important. It means we really dont know. Some of say for sure its gonna happen real soon theyre exaggerating because ai researchers dont think it will happen for like a hundred years. But they say for sure is second happened in their lifetime theyre exaggerating two. Including in this group of optimists that think the leaders who work we showcase here. My own feeling is i think the average was 2055 and one was 2047. Two years later so the progress was so quick. The matter of decades is reasonable. We put thought into when its gonna happen. Even for not sure. Whether someone told you an alien intelligence will land on planet earth in 2055. That might wake us up. In some way this is an alien intelligence. Yes but were better off because if it was just some spaceship were to figure it doesnt matter what we do but this is different. Were creating it ourselves. We get the opportunity to decide what intelligence is going to be. Its a great opportunity to season not squander. You convinced one person of the and that is elon mosque who came by and found this to be an important challenge. He spoke at mit said were summoning the demons that never goes well. Its a fascinating story in the book. Tell us about how you got to learn to make a donation was interesting. Its a fascinating story. Not too long ago i couldve never dreamt i be doing a project with elon mosque. I realize that he was thinking seriously about this. Since were planning on doing this conference to bring ai researchers and i reached out and asked if he is interested in the phone call. It became clear quickly not only did he care about it, he gets it. The media likes to betray him as a doomsday or come scaremongering. Nothing could be further from the truth. He has incredible optimism and the potential of humankind. Hes betting his energy and money on things spending think it are impossible like that it might be under planet are making cars electric and having solar panels throughout the world. For someone who really thinks a lot about the longerterm future is not going to want to dismiss what might ruin everything in 30 years. But i tried hard to persuade him a what we needed to do was get the ai Community Engaged in sure them it wasnt about trying to stop ai research. We talk about running the race but we didnt need to slow down the power that developed the wisdom. Theres research that was unfriended and he kindly agreed to be the first person to find it. We had 10 million. Thats a big number. Its small compared to what the government spends on research but the first ever spent on this. So we decided to give it out, deadline short, which arose going to happen. Without 300 team supply. You almost and make the announcement that night. I was watching you having these discussions back and forth and i thought Something Big was brewing below is the reason why humiston to it . Is trying to attempt the first ever landing of a rocket booster on this barge and this has been a dream of his and they said you cannot distract the media from this. By having another big announcement. So finally this is our friend found a diplomatic solution. He would make the announcement at the conference but he cannot tell the world until after the rocket landed. He source to secrecy. But he never told us the number that number is really the headline. Really transform the way research thinks about it. They go to conference they feel that this is cool. Something they can help with rather than just been under attack. You also mention north korea and some of the risks. Youve mentioned having a project to reduce nuclear proliferation. It is not nearly as hypothetical. Was it today that north korea sent to muscle over in japan again . Do you have a concrete thing we can do about the. First will even bringing up is a step in the right direction. The same phenomenon. We humans are science understand our world better. We use that to amplifier technology. We need to be ready for it. You would never walk in the kindergarten say heres a box hand grenades, want to play with it. Sometimes when i look at statements from kim jongun and or have tweets from a certain person thats what it is but then you take this box of 4000 nukes and play with them, hindsight maybe this couldve been handled better. How . Today even if you want to have russia and the u. S. Want to have deterrence to make sure the other side doesnt get them. How many Nuclear Weapons do you need to deter putin . Maybe 100, 500 . If you took out the smartest 500 cities there would be much less. The russians dont have to take out were to deter us. But putin doesnt have 900, he has 7000. Why does russia have 7000 because we have a 7000. The President Trump got together and said lets cut down to 1000 each deterrence would be on chain. It would not in any way reduce or deterrence against kim jongun. But more awareness of the risks technology pose. As physicist and technologist keep inventing more powerful technology with the stoner spear you can heard a few people, with the gunner machine got a few more, a nuclear bomb can kill millions. The next wave may be existential. There are technologies not just ai but biological and others that could give a red button that says will destroy humanity, please do not push. Suppose we handed out each one of those to every person on the planet, how long would we survive . Im sure theres people in the stone age who thought it was a good idea to kill others in the stone age. Now were amplifying the power we need to make sure this stuff dont fall into everybodys hands. I think this is why we should make sure we dont get into a military arms race with ai. Military weapons are expensive to build, these things will cut cost much more than an amazon delivery drone. Even physical things, some i can put in the address of photo of an exgirlfriend are upset about this horrible situation we dont want to be in. The superpowers realize massproducing this will help terrorists and nonstate actors so i hope they can clampdown. Before we turn it over i want to make sure we get back to some higher notes. So he spoke optimistically about how it has the possibility to grow the pie then he said shame on us if we can make sure everyone is better off. I would test more specifically how would you like to see this happen . In this country theres people against wealth redistribution. My longterm is as long as yours, maybe the next five or ten years versus 20 or 30. In the short term theyre supposed shortage of work that only humans can do. We need to think about as some of these are jobs get automated how do we get people to do the new jobs. The first is education. Helping people learn new skills like reinventing it. Machines are bad about creativity, Emotional Intelligence and this is where we need to motivate people we dont teach in schools very well. Schools seem to take creativity out of kids. Scott have to be a lifelong thing for people continuously learn new things. Such as throwing technology its conceptual change less memorizing the facts of following instructions and more how can we plan discover. We do more action learning so i would be one part. Another is more entrepreneurship. You might be surprised if you look at entrepreneurship and innovation is gone down. Technology overall there has been less the business formation listed companies started. That makes it difficult its always a losing strategy to put the old economy in place. As technology automates we didnt just say the see if we could hang on, we and i mean entrepreneurs invented new goods and services. Joseph called the creative destruction. Theres been more more regulations and barriers. In boston theres a law passed special tax on labor to slowdown the transition. The small examples of people being uncomfortable change. Unknown free distribution. We have a tax system that has shifted more money to richer people even though most of the wealth and income has gone to the top 1 . But the technology and the tax system are looking to exasperate. Thats a social choice. Certainly there is a value decision of how we want to balance things. In countries like sweden where you are born, they been successful investing health, education, not necessarily giving people money but making life a little bit more pleasant. In the long run, i sure your optimism that machines will be able to do everything humans can people say machines will take all of the jobs in my reaction is shame on us if we turn that into a bad thing. Talking about a world of vast wealth and no need to work. We can spend her time having discussions at the museum of science and playing and doing sports. The problem is the income distribution. Thats a social choice. I agree with all of this and i agree that if we have a lifeline Vacation Time be great. Of course we have to think about society where people have meaning and purpose. Many people have never worked a day in their life and feel plenty of meaning and purpose. And so i agree will be able to do it . Do you think we will be able to do this and now the latest tax reform being discussed seems like its going in the opposite direction. One of the reasons for having the discussion is not a matter of us making predictions. Its a matter of us making choices. Its up to us to decide. It works in a democracy is theres no dictator k, we the people decide. People basically say i like your ideas but unless the voters wanted we cannot go out. So starts with changing the conversation and having this conversation. I have no doubt about the feasibility the political feasibility is a choice. Thats a good note. Its interesting to hear questions should be some microphones here. Will be delighted to hear questions and comments that you have. Will try to keep the questions brief to make sure they impact our questions. The first question. Good evening. Have a question about the economic consequences of Artificial Intelligence that machines take over the jobs. Right now a lot of people will be out of a job. Truck drivers, you say its a political choice, but nobody so maybe yes another sponsor talking about it television you dont hear it you hear rumblings about basic income, maybe ownership what are your ideas affording that . Part of the political dysfunction and anger, not all the parties driven by this economic trend. Median income is stagnant so half the people are worse off. I dont blame people for being angry. They see things are not Getting Better. Over the next decade the Underlying Forces will get stronger. Tens of millions of people will lose their jobs. The question is preferably millions of new jobs that come in place and thats not automatic. So far weve done okay with creating new but theyre not as good. Employment is higher now than it used to be. The issues around wages than on employment. Can we create new and better jobs . There is work to be done in childcare, healthcare and teaching, and science and arts. We can afford to spend more and the money is there. We can unless the private sector more. Theres over 300 companies and organizations and announced winners to create jobs. The government can help support that. Theres something called the earned income tax credit. In Silicon Valley its basically the basic income but tied to work. If you work more they were supplemented takes in a towel and our job and turns it into a 12 or 15 an hour job. Not by heaven and minimum wage but having us contribute. Then the employer has no disincentive to hire. The person gets more money and a lot of people feel like they want to be part of society and a contributing way. People feel comfortable like our kids to the future straight people checks people dont feel satisfied about that. My sociologist friends feel like having a way to contribute is part of it. Theres more that we could do. Thank you both for being here. In recent years many people have taken to the streets in an attempt to solve the problem by asking them to solve it and i see most technological advances in recent years as preventing that. What you see as the most seamless, least violent way to overthrow the enforcing nature of the collection of power among only a few individuals . Can we use Artificial Intelligence for the and how would you apply them . All technology is a doubleedged sword, even fire. Certainly these modern technologies for positive social change. Whats happening is the anger being felt by more people who see their lives getting worse even though the pies going is very real. Couple that with major cuts and availability of Higher Education have angry people who dont have the opportunity to learn these details thats a great dream come true. Weve been seeing people are hungry for change and they will vote for whoever promises most change. Barack obama slogan was changed. And in the sense Donald Trumps was also change because i do feel like they got enough change. Brexit was the option of biggest change and ultimately to be helpful people could think of several ways to building a social movement to tap into this anger and show People Solutions that work. Erics book, machine platform and cloud talks about drivers of business use for modern technology to be disrupted. About to see these ideas to be used to transform society into that. And we talked about the scandinavian institutions if we could restore that that would be helpful to live up to the promise and then we will have them overthrown. So maybe at other times years ago could happen here so they are in power and if they dont have shared prosperity in the dough comes at them with pitchforks like key will. Next question in the front the deal the way to win so looking at a very simple game theory sell any intelligent computer can learn that. Howdy make people cooperate rather than fight . One of the most powerful ways to make people cooperate is why day agreed to give up freedom to get married . Because they think of the cool things that marriage will enable. And the same with all collaboration because all parties realize if i put this petty thing aside to collaborate i can do great stuff. But not what youre doing as a society it is the opposite if you go to the committees of the future it is called utopia like terminator. It is exactly the opposite of what we have to do. Where do want to be the future . And she says and then think of the challenges and that is the reason for what sort of future you are excited about some hoping this can foster that type of collaboration we are talking about. That seems like the Perfect Place to end. With the idea of cooperation how do we Work Together to envision a positive future so i will take a priority to say we will continue the of conversation at a reception and a book signing and then follow the signs to the bottom floor. End max will be there to talk to. [laughter] and we can all talk to one another because there are amazing commons and concerns and hopes that were raised this is been very eyeopening and amazing. Well, thank you. [applause] thank you so much. Thank you. Terrific. Lots of fun. [inaudible conversations] you are watching booktv, television for serious readers. You can watch any program you see here online at booktv. Org. Over the Holiday Season views Public Interest Research Group is releasing their annual report on toy safety issues and potential hazards. That live at 9 30 a. M. Eastern on cspan2. The Hudson Institute takes a look at the political situation in argentina after recent legislative elections there. That discussion also live here on cspan2 starting at noon eastern. Next, education secretary betsy devos talks about efforts to overhaul the education system. She is followed by White House Council of economic advisers chair Kevin Hassett discussing the administrations goals for the economy and job creation. This was part of wall street journals annual ceo Council Meeting in washington, d. C. Over the last ten
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