The Exceptional Leadership in knowledge that resides in the jackson network. Today is no exception. All of our panelists today are senior fellows who teach here at yale. Our moderator today, secretary john kerry graduated from yale, and like jacksons founder, john jackson is joining us today, secretary kerry, left new haven to serve in vietnam. He then served more than two decades in the u. S. Senate before becoming the 68 secretary of state under president obama. You probably know all of that, but what you might not know is that secretary kerry continues to pay it forward, helping to train the next generation of leaders here at the jackson yaleste and across many schools. It is my pleasure to welcome secretary scary. You might offer perspectives on how you assess the global ramifications of covid19, and then introduce our panelists. Thanks. Sec. Kerry thank you very much, and ted, thank you for for theng this event jackson institute. It is the underwriter of what we are doing today, and it is a privilege for me to take part in this with a distinguished group of diplomats, many of whom i spend many hours with and learned from. Their capacities are extraordinary. They were in syria for a long time and hung in there until they had to leave. They were telling the truth about it. We have a great group of panelists, i will introduce everybody shortly. Today in the United States of america, and we are moving up at a disturbing rate obviously. We hear from the experts still, dr. Fauci, dr. Redfield and we are not cresting, that we have a ways to go, and that this is in fact perhaps the most infectious virus that they have ever confronted. Have 190 countries that are recording infections, the virus has impacted 190 countries. Our president did not know there were 180 or so, but we are heading upwards. Impactly the economic has been catastrophic. Economyownturns in the or a normal set of ebb and flow was governments and private sector we had to shut down to keep people from being infected at a rate where we would have totally and completely overwhelmed the medical capacity of our country to respond. Seeing 26 million americans who filed for unemployment since the outbreak began. I have read estimates and talked to people, Economic Experts who suggest we could be at 30 unemployment by the fall, late fall. Expertsear from various that this is going to be with us through the year and well beyond. We will be Wearing Masks through the year. We will certainly be challenged with respect to social distancing, and more challenged with the question of reopening our economy. We will get through this. We absolutely will get through it. The question is going to be at what level of loss of life, what level of chaos, that we have to rebuild from, as we will, and we are going to rebuild. What saddens me as a former secretary of state, and somebody who believes deeply in multilateral engagement is the lack of Global Response to this, the lack of coordinated effort. It has been haphazard. Individual states and countries, our own president throwing the mantle of responsibility of leadership away from the white house and to the governors, the governors pleading for additional equipment. For the First Time Since world you to thinkant about this the First Time Since world war ii, the United States is not leading weather is in fact a Global Crisis demanding leadership. , the worldn degree itself is adrift. We see the general secretary of ing eightsay comprehensive Global Response would require 10 global gdp at a time when we are looking at a global recession. Needless to say, there will be profound impacts. I cannot protect them all, i do not know if anybody on this panel can, but they will be found impacts on all of our lives. Profound impacts conceivably on the alignment of the world, the world order in structure. For a number of years now i have been focused on increasing pressures that create a new cold war between the United States and china. And there are two schools of thought, those who believe it requires a confrontation that is inevitable, and then a school of thought that i fall into which is it is not inevitable. Clearly diplomacy we will never know the answer to that question but the United States requires diplomacy as a matter of principle as well as her interests. Well as our interests. There are some preeminent ones, first obviously, i am not doing these in order of the challenges that present us. The challenges are cyber increasingly, it will change warfare in its entirety. Covid19 is not the only paradigm shift here. Ciber for years has been building up and the challenge is warfare a make modern different animal than people are used to thinking about. I guarantee this, i do not foresee a lot of set piece wars, and most of aircraft carriers that nations have, big ships are going to disappear in a matter of seconds if you have a real war. At the push of a button, you can shut down nations and Financial Systems to create havoc. We certainly have it at commandandcontrol above all of the things. A lot of things are changing and we do not have the level of diplomacy, the level of International Engagement that. Uts those things on the table ciber, nuclear weapons, the imf treaty in tatters, the start treaty threatened, the potential conflict accidental or otherwise particularly with iran and tensions created by the United States of america alone pulling out of an agreement the rest of the world was trying to keep together. When have you ever seen such a measure of chaos put in place by fundamentally one person . Who is seeing the people of equilibrium and thinking, leave, general mattis, rex tillerson, this is an extraordinary moment in our history. Then you have global poverty which will add other problems that we have. And the problem of Global Health, pandemics we are here to talk about today. That is joined to the greatest challenge of all. Some people still want to ignore and pretend it is not a challenge, it is the climate crisis. I spent years working on that issue as a Lieutenant Governor when i dealt with acid rain, and , andsenator in 1988 leading all the way to now with our secretary of state when we negotiated ringing china aboard is a partner to achieve something. Clash herecomplete between strategy and an ideological driven process pushing us into conflict versus resolution of these issues. You cannot resolve any one of those issues i just put on the table from covid to the planet without multilateral engagement, leadership from the United States, and china and the United States actually cooperating with each other. Everything else will not happen. We have to get about the business of putting that strategy back together and dealing with the realities of an interconnected world where there is a linkage between covid19 in the climate crisis. President atour first for a month or so call it a democratic oaks. Democratic hoax. He is still calling the planet crisis a chinese hoax. And the threat that was over the horizon, which generals and admirals and scientists and academics, it is coming at us like a ton of bricks. The crisis of covid was ignored for the longest time, and therefore thou United States is leading in the number of deaths and the number of people infected. What does that remind you of . It reminds me of 30 years of the attitude on climate, where it is over the horizon. And they deny evidence and science. Whichs the climate within no pun intended we come together today with a group extremely capable, experienced cohorts in this endeavor. We have 150 years of diplomatic experience with us on this panel. The high points of this extraordinary group, and patterson is a retired career ambassador, she was the former assistant secretary of state, ambassador to egypt, columbia, deputy of the u. N. , and i worked with her extremely closely when she was in a number of hotspots including egypt. Person ird, a particularly admire, a man of courage who stood up to the administration and retired at a principal because he did not agree with the policy. E was ambassador to syria mieri,sco paual formerly the Principal Deputy assistant secretary for the western hemisphere affairs, great expertise in latin america , former ambassador to zimbabwe, served tos, mir my special assistant secretary rice when she was in the state department. Actingerved as ambassador to beijing, and served in other assignments in Greater China and at senior posts worldwide, one of our top experts. Who recently retired after three decades, focused on diplomacy in asia. Secretary as acting for east asian and Pacific Affairs and led the east asia policymaking. Let me begin to give you each a shot to tackle this. I spoke to the profound applications of this pandemic on health, economy, security all around the world. I would like to know what each of you see as the most Significant Impact of this crisis and in the regions you weved, and what you think might be doing differently. I know you have to compress that into threeminute so everybody gets a shot, but lets begin with ann patterson. Thank you mr. Secretary. I think the first impact will be the secondary and tertiary impacts of oil prices. I do not think we know what is going on in saudi arabia or iran. We need to get our embassies back and open. What are the implications . Know in saudi arabia, we the saudi have reserves for a couple years, but their budget is Something Like 80 a barrel, so they will be in trouble at some point. Some of the other gulf countries , we know this is worrisome with the guestworker situation, then they start to send these people home. There are 10 million in saudi arabia loan that come from pakistan and egypt, which are troubled countries. People get out of work and go home, there is not going to be anything for them. Countries will not be able to provide assistance to jordan or the palestinians or gaza, or any other place. Mostne that would worry me apart from the millions of people in jordan and lebanon is syria where there are 60,000 isis dependents. The issue there is they basically live in a space of a parking spot, so they have compromised immune systems. What will happen to these displaced refugee camps . In yemen, the coronavirus is about to arrive and its Health System is totally destroyed. Sec. Kerry let me interrupt. Do you know what is happening with corona in the camps, particularly in jordan . I do not know yet. One of the worries is the International Community is not engaged in these camps because they have been distracted by their domestic issues. Then there is algeria which has concerned people for years, but now it is dependent on oil and gas revenue. Robert ford knows better than most what will happen in situations like that. It is not entirely negative, but i think you will see at the least increased poverty and health problems, and i would predict more instability. Sec. Kerry let me narrow my questions so we can get more in. I will come back with individual questions to others. Do you want to fill in your region . Ann is talk i think right to highlight a big at risk population, which are internally displaced people and refugees. That includes countries such as syria, but also countries like lebanon, jordan. So far the administrations response has been to provide a bit of money to lebanon and to jordan to help with refugee communities in those countries. But it is small money, 5 million in the case of lebanon and 8 million in the case of jordan. Million to iraq. Doing anistration is little, but these are small amounts of money. Just to give the audience a sense of perspective, i mentioned about 40 million in total for coronavirus help to lebanon, jordan, and iraq. We are spending this year just on u. S. Military operations in 1ia, we are spending over billion. That is with a b. The focus on policy to deal with Climate Change and Pandemic Public Health is going to take reorientation of american policy and frankly american thinking about the region. One of the things that will happen, oil prices and economic decline reverberates through the region, a letter states are going to actually be more challenged in terms of stability. The response is not an American Military response to help states provide Better Services to their populations. I will stop there. Sec. Kerry do both of you or either of you believe American Leadership has been further put at issue as a consequence of what china and others are saying at this point, and what they are experiencing in terms of our disengagement . Robert, do you want to go first . I think American Leadership has been diminishing in the middle east and north africa for more than 10 years. I think it started 20 years ago almost with problems out of the iraq war. That has absolutely continued. While russia has intervened militarily in places like syria and more military engagement with the egyptian military, russia cannot do much to help countries address Public Health problems like a pandemic. Or Even Economic problems, oil shock. But china is upping its game gradually. I am not saying china will theace the United States in middle east tomorrow or the next day, but over the longer term, three to 10 years, the chinese will be more present in parts of the middle east. We will have to think about how to work with them, and in some cases how to respond when we cannot work with them. Sec. Kerry thank you. I think that is true the rise of china in the middle east has been as dramatic as it has been in other areas of the world, but it is there. People say in the gulf that the chinese are everywhere now in an economic sense. The signal we sent by pulling back many Embassy Staff in the middle east, i am well aware of the Public Health issues, it leaves countries to believe we them,sentially not with and that is a secondary effect because they start to look to other players. Sec. Kerry i was at the place ine which takes the United Arab Emirates a year and a half ago, and the russian and made anot up eject restatement about how foreignpolicy experts from around the world, that the United States was over as a leader. They stood up at the conference and said there is a new narrative. China and russia are now leading the world, and the United States is a country in decline, and this will be the century of the far east Asian Countries and the united not states. They have been pushing this narrative actively. Let me ask david and assistant secretary thorton, given this push by china to change the narrative, and their efforts providing some of the needed materials and crackle supplies, and publicly touting the effectiveness of their system and its ability to respond to these kinds of crises versus democracies, how effective do you think that has been, and what is the impact on our prospects Going Forward . I will go first. Fork you very much everyone comments, and to be here today, it is wonderful to see everyone. Times, and itold makes me happy going into the weekend. I think for the chinese, they have been wishing to try to take advantage of the pandemic, which an unusual situation where they were the first to suffer from the pandemic, they were taken aback by the lack of humanitarian outpouring from the rest of the world about their plight. They managed to get through it they say, and they are bringing their economy back in gear and turning to providing equipment and goods and Technical Assistance to other countries. People are talking about, is china going to come out of this pandemic in a strengthened position, and i think we can always count on the chinese to shoot themselves in the foot. They could probably have made some gains out of this pandemic, but the way they are going about it is clumsy. I do not think it is as effective as some people are wearing it could be. Worrying it could be. I have heard singaporeans make the point you made, secretary kerry, about two systems in competition, and the singaporeic system, and china have done a good job, but it does not explain korea and taiwan doing a good job. The answer has not played itself out yet, and many people are looking at back and not convinced. The chinese propensity to tell people they have to write a thank you note before they can get any medical equipment is backfiring around the world. I think theyre soft power efforts coming out of this are arewearing well, and there a lot of things about the mistakes they made early on that they will have to answer for. That said they are opportunistic, they are very good at seeing where the u. S. Has left the field open. If you look at what is happening with the who, we rd funding the who and china announced 50 million more dollars to the who. They are opportunistic but not gains. T translating into the heavy handedness and efforts not sitting well, i would second. They are bringing their own workers into many of these places and that creates enormous resentment. Plus, their program has taken over a number of courts, bankruptcies, and people see this as a chinese encouragement program. Who knows . I think we are significantly enough absent ever since we pulled out of tpp. Been, thesay that has retreating of the United States, has changed the dynamics with other countries in the way they are approaching china . Yes, absolutely. On the part of our allies who are treated shabbily, and in the middle of this horrible negotiations with the south koreans to jack up their costsharing agreement in the middle of this crisis, they are departureout the u. S. From the region. There are other countries and leaders who were singing the same tune you heard from the russians when you were in the gulf, that the u. S. Is in decline. Like thatey do not prospect, they are ready to have a plan b and balance the u. S. And china, thinking they cannot count on us. It is a troubling trend. Sec. Kerry what is your take on the same questions . She stole all my points. Have ceded the field, so china has opportunistically been happy to step in at a lowcost. To hold them to a higher standard, china has been advantage ofy take americas absence. You are sensitive that there is a push taking place by many to absolutely defined china. China may ultimately be more of an opponent i do not want to use the word enemy but competitor, there are different definitions. Do you think this is helping, the whole covid reaction in very cleartrumps political strategy to make china take the blame . He has focused all his energy, but they are focused on china, china, china. Where will that lead us . Is that dangerous . Think it is dangerous. We do not know where china is headed, and there are a number of possible futures. That we endpposing up closer to that. I look at covid as an accelerant for things that were in the works, and accelerant for American Companies that were thinking about supply chains will now think about them even more, not just because of the trade war, but will think about them even more carefully. Are we too reliant on other countries . It will accelerate worrying trends in china. Part of our success was our who they arenitor coming in contact with, where a push inoing, and china of where xi jinping was going as well. If you are a tech company, it is an accelerant in a good way from economy to aional more open one. That is pushing china in the direction they want them to go. Likehave problems overhanging debt, and dependence on the old state. Sec. Kerry we did have, president obama put a team in their, we had people on the ground specifically working on the coronavirus investigative track. President trump polled those people out. Pulled those people out. Isnt it obvious china can be secretive and complicated, therefore difficult to deal with sometimes, but we would be far better off with people on the ground and with a coronation process than with silence and obfuscation becoming the order of the day . Unfortunates really that the trajectory, the timing of the last four years is the time we wound down the cdc cooperative programs, pull people out of the cdc offices in beijing where they were cold located. It is hard to do monday morning quarterbacking, but if we had 45 people in their from cdc working in the building with the chinese cdc, we certainly would have known more about what is going on than what we knew in the end. We do not know where china is going, but they are not going away. We will need to engage them one way or another. They will be a fact of life for the rest of our professional lives of thein the students in the audience as well. Sec. Kerry before the pandemic more than in venezuela, and pushing columbia , give us your so an overalls there latin american dynamic or shift that might take face as a result of this, and where do you see the dangers and harm and benefits . I think your comments about leadership at the beginning are appropriate in the western hemisphere context. These countries in latin america and the caribbean look to the u. S. For leadership. As democracies, they often follow our example. One of the things we were hadking about, when we outbreaks earlier this decade, u. S. Diplomacy with the cdc, working with multilateral organizations like the organization of american states, we were able to have effective policy coordination, and Health Care Resources and expertise. What we are seeing now in latin america is a dual challenge of responding to this pandemic, and dealing also with what will be a serious economic fallout for the region. We benefit in this hemisphere thosee we do not have kinds of problems. We have transnational problems like migration, like Transnational Criminal Organizations operating with impunity. These governments are going to be challenged to respond to the crisis while also trying to some kindnd promote of economic recovery coming out of this. Last year we saw a lot of political instability, a lot of protests of poverty and inequality. I think the situation in the region will be exacerbated by this pandemic, and governments i do not think we will face great instability, but governments will be held accountable and have to respond. The good news is for mostly cratic countries, people have a channel to engage. Sec. Kerry give us a sense of the order of fragility, what do you worry about most . You look at what is happening brazilow in mexico and with the response to the pandemic, where both countrys leaders were slow to organize and marshall a response. In ecuador, have 25 countries and total cases. I think the challenge will be stabilizing the response to the pandemic, and then dealing with the economic fallout, engaging in political stability. Seeing you will continue populations moving around the hemisphere, not just coming to the United States. You mentioned Climate Change, this hemisphere is one of the most afflicted by climate events , which drives a large number of migrants. We will have that problem as well on the horizon for these governments too. What can we do with these refugees piled up on the border in columbia, and the possibility of social distancing . What if anything can the United States, can we and should we be doing to try to impact our own hemisphere, our neighbors . Problem loomsla large across the hemisphere because of the number sec. Kerry with maduro as corrupt as he is, is there something specifically notwithstanding republicandemocratic administrations that the United States can offer that would make a difference . Working in this regional context with other nations, keeping pressure on the maduro seek legitimacy through viable real elections is one potential exit for the venezuelans from the crisis they are in. But it is going to require sustained engagement and leadership, both diplomatic and in multilateral form. Sec. Kerry thank you, very helpful. We will come back. Thomas, not unusual trailing in abe certain respect. Ravel,is lefss t less movement, less opportunity for it to take hold. On the other hand they have been spared the worst of the pandemic, but africa, we all know, lacks a Strong Health Care Capacity in so many places. And the consequences could be devastating if in fact the virus takes hold there. Can you speak to both of those . I know we have seen the impact and thecan leadership, impact on the Health Crisis in the region. With president obama, i will never forget sitting in the situation room in the white house being briefed in september that we would lose a Million People in west africa and elsewhere between then and christmas of that year. President obama acknowledged we do not know what we did not know, and sent 3500 troops over there and built a health Care Capacity. 11,000 people passed away. , there wase capacity no indication we would do that now. We are trying to build health ife capacity, and treading it takes hold. Can you speak to where you see the virus going in terms of africa, and the challenge of africa, and what in fact u. S. Policy ought to be, if we could be more helpful preparing or avoiding. Thank you, mr. Secretary. It is great to see so many former colleagues and friends. Sec. Kerry we have a government right here, guys. We are ready. As you said, it comes down to leadership. Secretary pompeo announced 225 million to the world, 50 million, wholly inadequate went to africa and to the world health organization. Is theou are correct things we can do that we have done. We have been successful in africa fighting ebola with a government approach were we used the military and cdc. Notle were told could social distance, could not contact trace, could not take prescription pills, can do that on a regular basis. To covid19 is something we need to do on a greater basis. The other challenge we have, we have seen great leadership by the president of south africa. Experiencened from from aids, and he has been awesome. Others are weak governors, and corruption reigns. That said, we have neglected who. China put a lot of civil u. N. Nts into who and other organizations. It is time for us to think about giving some of our young upandcoming people jobs in these organizations, funding them properly, monitoring them properly. And at the same time we need to what the african countries are now, as well a southeast Asian Countries, they are waiting for assistance. By the time they get the funds, it will be too late. These things are going to explode, and we live in a world where we have many africans who study at yale and other places, and they will go home and bring this back. There are so many things we could do with the government approach, using our unique capabilities of our military and cdc. Conclusion, we got lazy, we got fat, and we need to engage because although governments are saying they understand why we have downgraded our embassies, they are really saying, you are leading us. We need to get back. Sec. Kerry i regret to say my daughter has to go out and raise have thet did participation of the peace corps, 100 doctors a year. I regret further because her last name is kerry, the Current Administration terminated that relationship. There is no rationale for doing that. We are not in the business right now of leading and engaging with other countries the way we used to. The state Department Budget is the same as it was i was there, and when hillary was there. She had the last dustup when president obama came in. Our budget was 52 billion or so , and that is for everything we do. That is for embassies, Foreign Service officers, security, travel, you name it. Belt, onechinas one road is a 1 trillion program in many countries all the way to europe. They have built railroads that go to europe, that take goods from china to europe by rail. Other people see a different world than our nation. You all as diplomats have been privy to that. Anybody feel free, if you have an observation, listeners would be happy to have everybody dig in here. I would like to ask dave, how do you see chinese strategy overall . Is china that the hemet behemoth, because of one party status, and is hellbent to be there. They want to survive, that is the first order, and to do that they have to feed the mighty beast of their economy. To do that, they have to be all over the place with contracts and commodities and so forth. With commandandcontrol capacity, they call shots in ways we have been incapable of doing because we cannot pass a budget in the United States congress. Is that what is guiding china . Do they have a Larger Mission . A bigger strategy . Is the militarization component a greater concern to us . Are a lot of things china is doing that should be of concern to us. Part of what i see in china with is aelt Road Initiative natural consequence of china , and their system follows their interests. As they are developing in africa and the middle east, so is their present. Ce. Alarmed, irprised or do not think it is a on 100 year marathon to overtake the United States. It is a country of 1. 3 billion people with the gdp i am not surprised their interests are increasingly global. Sec. Kerry given the challenges we face trying to get china to help us rein in north korea, and the to that situation tibet situation, how would you play china at this point . This,y get in and oon weigh in any time. I am going to sound the command from another millennium. Not winto be we will or can be well if we try to be better chinese. In other words, more authoritarian, more state involvement in the economy, directing our economies. By being better americans, emphasizing our ,trength, openness, democracy 70 year history of creating International Organizations and partnerships and leading them. That is what i think the answer to the challenges to china. By cuttingswer ourselves off are pulling away from leadership, we are not going to be competitive, it will push us in a bad direction. One of my favorite people to work with in the state department, we had a meeting with our undersecretary, but ran apple in china. She had come from a briefing about chinese developments in artificial intelligence, and the chinese have gotten but she made the point we are not going to get anywhere by trying to trip up china, by trying to focus all of our attention on undermining what china is doing and trying to reverse it, put butter on the stairs when they come down, you know . Sure we areake running faster because that is the only way we are going to stay ahead, and thats what the american spirit is all about. We dont try to keep other people down. We try to do better ourselves. I think thats what dave is getting at. Theso dont agree with National Security strategy, emphasis on major power, geostrategic competition. Our future challenges are going to be transnational challenges. That is what this disease is, that is what Economic Development is, that is these technologies. How are we going to find in a fork for people to do around the world when we have all this technology . Climate change obviously is a transnational challenge. Ande things know no borders our emphasis now is miss placed on this Great Power Competition throwback to the last century and we havent made up our minds and adjusted our positioning enough to see the real future and see the real reality before us. It is very concerning, i think. Doing tohould we be jack up american diplomacy and our role specifically in response to covid19 . What is your ideal of our america ought to be right now in trying to help deal with this pandemic . Mr. Secretary, first we need to get our people back out there and we need to have sufficient staff out there and we have people that know these health issues. They are just not on the scene, so to get accurate information. Sec. Kerry so get out there without waiting for curbs . Their life is risky. We cant deter American Leadership anymore and these countries need our help. The second is to coordinate to the diplomats agree with that . Get them out there, absolutely. You have had contact with people. Fundamentally developing countries, you have to have people who know people and can get information. That is our first roll right now, accurate information. The second is organizing an International Response and i have never seen an International Response to a hurricane, an earthquake, displaced people that wasnt fundamentally led by the u. S. Embassy. That doesnt mean there are not great people in International Organizations or other embassies, but unless the American Embassy is in there pushing that process, it is not successful, so thats the key role embassies set. Finally, the coordinated u. S. Response. I remember we had an emergency in columbia. 32eone told me there were out centers in the u. S. Government and they are all jumbled and want to help. You need people on the ground who can coordinate the u. S. As u. S. Military, cdc, intelligence, whatever the situation requires, but my point, mr. Secretary, is we have confidence in these countries. When they see the u. S. Cut and run, they think the Worlds Largest superpower isnt there, much less for us. Maybe i should cut and run soto. Impact of u. S. Al presence is hugely important, maybe more important than these other issues. Thats a very important statement. We could talk about that at some length, but let me follow under it by asking on our diplomats weather in the context of covid19 and its response or these other components i have mentioned in the course of our discussion, is the postworld war ii socalled liberal order at risk . I dont see anybody jumping to that. I think you look at the last major pandemic, the spanish flu of 1918. Four empires collapsed. I dont think we can take for granted that the recovery, when the world recovers from this pandemic that we will be back to the world that we knew before 2020. That doesnt mean we are doomed, but history can move in sudden about annd i talked accelerant before and i worry if we dont handle it correctly, when we come back out of this, we will be in a very different world. Handle correctly, i want to come back to that. What about the world order . Youve just asked the question my undergrads have looked at the day before yesterday, and i would just point out to colleagues on the panel and to people in the audience, there is a really interesting article by richard haas, who used to work at the state departments policy Planning Office and is now the president of the council of foreign relations. His article is in Foreign Affairs magazine last week and he made an interesting argument, which was basically the liberal world order is already having big problems before the pandemic, and the pandemic may not change everything, but it dynamics,rate several several trends that are already underway. One of them is greater nationalism. Countries responding to the virus not in a collective manner as the European Union or as part of the United Nations system. Responses are largely on the national level, including that of the United States. Another trend he pointed out was that there will be new threats to globalism and reductions in i think, mr. So secretary whatever comes out at the end of this pandemic or when it subsides substantially, the world is going to look different, but it may not look entirely different from how it looked, say, in january or february of 2020, but i think in anothero few years is going to look even more different. Thank you. Anne . Same issue, same question. I dont think it has yes, of course, it is going to look different but i dont think we should say the implication of the question to me is always analogous time is up and i dont think that is true. The russians are desperate for us to be back there, even though they are complaining about us endlessly. No, i dont think it is over. I think it is mainly up to us and our allies whether we can sustain it in the light of this Global Crisis, and i dont think there is any reason to think we cant if we get our act together. If we get our act together. I would agree, sir. I really think this will be an opportunity for us to rethink how we do things. Nato, the u. N. , who. Organizations that have benefited the United States. We need to explain to the American People how that is done, but at the same time, lets think about how we are going to lead into the next 50 years. Artificial intelligence, as susan pointed out, the chinese are leading investment than the United States. Tpp was a great thing to show we want to hegemony not only in the military but economic influence. Why not use this imminent collapse to help african and Southeast Asian economies retold their economies retooled their economies. In turkey, his time may be up soon. We are so focused on china this, china that. We need to be better at what we are as americans and leading and helping others. The United States is wellpositioned with our friends and outlin allies because we have shared political values and i dont think they are going to walk away from a world order just because of this pandemic. They are going to look to the United States for engagement and leadership, and how we respond once we solve the pandemic, because there are going to be deep problems. Economic problems, problems of poverty and inequality, and if american values, the generosity of the american spirit, the equity of our political system is what will hold this hemisphere together and i think ultimately is the thing that will attract people across the globe to maintain the liberal world order. You got a little next, there, but basically, david, im going to turn it over to him because we have questions from our session, but i end this by saying underneath what everyone of you has just said, the only way we are going to deal with these major on the table put here today is if the United States leads and i dont say that with chauvinism. There is just a reality of the role we have played since world war ii and the imperative of the richest country on the planet we are still richer than china. By, not by double, but a bigger gdp. We have a terrific economy, obviously. Some of it focused on the wrong things, so i think we are staring at one of the greatest opportunities we have ever had and november 3 of this year is a moment for us to start taking that and the country because we have an opportunity to put people back to work and create structures with the focus and kind of work that is really going to create a virtuous Economic Cycle for us and other people, and i think the world is going to be in enough disorder at the end of this that we are going to have to challenge ourselves to see whether we are going to be prepared to play that role with the same vigor that a same vision generation before us did at the end of the war when they created this fundamental structure. I dont think it will all be the same, nor should it be necessarily. Adapte to be flexible and and pretty nimble in how we move. I used to say, i know youve heard it 100 times, when i was first nominated and went before the senate, i said in todays , Foreign Policy is Economic Policy and Economic Policy is Foreign Policy. We really have to look at the demands of climate, particularly economy as thegy framework around which we organize ourselves and doing that, we will facilitate our response to the covid19s and other challenges and pandemics that may be coming at us. I was told the other day the coronavirus has proved to be the most infectious virus they have ever encountered. And it isbering, going to demand our discipline and our efforts over these next months, for sure. Ted, do you want to take off with the questions we still have . Sure, and thanks so much, mr. Secretary and all the panelists. We had a lot of questions coming into the feed and we will try to get to as many as them of them as we can in broad categories. We definitely have a lot of questions centered around what should be the goals of the state department in particular, both overseas for and those investors here who run a country team. How does state interact with the health and Economic Experts within its own country team . How should it be interacting in our state with its counterparts . How would you articulate a top three immediate priorities in this crisis . And we have so many folks here who could do this, but maybe i ms. Pattersonh because she talked about getting the diplomats out of the embassy. Had usaidlways people, cdc people. A Naval Laboratory that had been there since world war ii. Theres always been a Strong Health component of american diplomacy. We have the Global Health initiative, the same initiative but smaller programs too. Our job is to coordinate this and there wasnt a post i was in either as ambassador or in any other role that didnt have a strong relationship with the health ministry. This is pretty much standard procedure for u. S. Embassies and now it seems like something in outerhappened space. It has always been a huge component and weve made huge progress, especially in child mortality, in the last 20 years. The embassy leads this, but weve always done this sort of thing and very well, frankly. Ambassador, just to bring you in here, harry, director general of the whole Foreign Service at the state department, executive secretary, as well. What is the coordination mechanism look like or should look like across embassies in a crisis of this sort . Thank you, ted. First of all, you have to come up with a plan, and a plan to be not run and hide. Coordinate with the u. N. And other Donor Agencies for how you are going to get ppe. States,w, we have cities competing against each other in the United States. The United States competing against our allies for this, so what is the plan for getting ppp out . Is that for protecting americans and our Foreign Service nationals . Our embassies . And get the world to buy into this plan and as i said before, we have done this before. We did it with ebola and sars and cupepfar. It requires leadership, coordination, and funding, and the people who were against bailouts, they are not against bailouts right now, so we have to show them that helping the rest of the world will keep us safe as well as help our economy. Robert, did you have your hand up, as well . Yeah, i did. Maybe i am scarred by my 25 years working in errant police states, but i dont really trust the numbers that are coming out of countries like egypt or algeria or even iraq about how many cases they actually have and what the situation is, and i certainly dont believe there are only 45 coronavirus cases in syria right now, as the government says. One function of the embassy is to get an estimate, the kind of anne was talking about, engaging people on the ground at the Health University ministry or universities to get a sense of what the government says is close to the truth or not. I dont want to call it an intelligence function, but an information function. The second things embassies have to do is figure out and explained to washington what are the priority problems and priority needs of the country where the embassy is located . Who are our partners with whom we can engage in those give a sensed also to washington of what the other resources whether that be orer bilateral donors multilateral donors or private sector or whatever it is it is going to be hard for washington to get that. Labor intensive. Embassies are much better at doing that. Pull all of that together. Here is what is needed and here is why it is needed and here are the gaps. You send that back to washington and people like assistance, secretarys, we have a couple on the panel, they get the job of what are the actual priorities in terms of American National interests . Is the priority cameroon or is it algeria . That is not a decision that an embassy in cameroon or in algeria can make. That has to come out of washington. Can i jump in with one other thing. What harry said made me think of, which what worries me about the departure of a lot of senior people from the Foreign Service is you need people who have been before through it before. Specifically coronavirus epidemic, but been through a crisis and can sit down and realize, i dont have any idea what is going on here, but i have an idea of what you do when Something Like this happens. You take a deep breath, you find out people you can count on, you find out what is going on and you set up lines of communication. How much of how you deal with a crisis and get from day one to day 30. From assistant secretary perspective, one of the critical elements that our embassy country teams, to those of us back in washington, is the ability to see beyond where the soccer ball is right now in front of us and where it is going to be and that kind of embassy reporting both from the state department and other elements helps us get our heads up and looking down the field for where we need to be 6, 12 months, two years from now and that is what i think from a washington perspective, why our embassies are such critical outlets. I admire the dexterity of taking a hockey phrase and making it about soccer. Im impressed. Investor thorton, do you want to ambassador thorton, do you want to comment . Also, the assistant secretary perspective . What broader Regional Cooperation could look like if there is not going to be a u. S. Led or u. N. Led effort . Thathere regional efforts are greater than at least one or two countries that can be brought to bear . I think what dave said about having been to a crisis before is relevant, what should the state department be doing in Something Like this . Andte Department Secretary kerry can speak to this eloquently, but in the january, anom in International Summit meeting, as in 2008, 2019 financial crisis, this is a multiple level crisis with health and economics both. Nvolved it is disconcerting to see the g7, g20, and Security Council all failed to come up with statements and coordinated efforts. Regionaly hard to see organization, a Global Presence taking the leadership. It is the u. S. That has to do it. The u. S. Has done it in the past and you can see in the absence of u. S. Leadership how the International Response effort is stumbling. Sadly, we are running to the end of our time here and i just wanted to give you, secretary kerry, an opportunity for any reflections and reactions to any of that and maybe then we will hand it back to Jim Levinsohn to close up. Thanks very much. Of teachingivilege at the jackson institute, soon to be school of global affairs. Over the course of that, we talked a lot about what is diplomacy and the tools of diplomacy. The tools of diplomacy have changed dramatically in a world globalization, but a nation has to define its interests and values simultaneously. Is a constant balance of choosing whether the values are more preeminent than the interests or whatever. Right now, ive never seen higher need for interests being served or values by the u. S. Getting back into the job of being the leader of the free world. Everyone and ive said many times as secretary, i never said it with an ounce of chauvinism or arrogance, but with humility. It is the responsibility, the burden of being more developed, havingthe technology, constructed this postworld war ii order and girl we played in the 20th century. And the role we played in the 20th century. There isnt one diplomat sitting here who didnt know the structure of the order of things was going to be different. Why, because china did what we wanted it to do. Developed. You can run the list of es that have taken place because they reflect what we wanted to happen. Nations that have grown their economies and gotten bigger and want to play a role in the world. We cannot be a country that now pretends it is the same thing it was when we were the only economy standing after world war ii. Others need to be brought to the table and i found we are able to do more when we recognize that fact and when we were approached when we approach the with theus challenge same sense of bringing people to the table, looking for answers, letting other people play a toger role and giving credit other people. Ronald reagan was the one who said you can get a lot done when you are willing to give other people credit. The way we make America First is by behaving like a country that is actually drawing people to us, not pushing them away, and i admire each and every one of the diplomats you purred from today because they were just artists, practitioners of what they did on behalf of our country and made the world of better place and the sooner we get back to doing that, the better. Thank you. Over to you, jim. Thanks, secretary kerry. Thank you so very much for leading this, for all that you do at jackson and at yale and for our country. All of the ambassadors who have joined us, thank you so very much. Ted, thank you for running yet another wonderful virtual discussion. To our attendees, thanks for joining us. I hope you might join us next week. We have general mattis. To all, stay well. Thank you, guys. Thank you very, very much. Thank you. Take care. Cspan has roundtheclock coverage of the federal response to the coronavirus pandemic and it is all available ondemand at cspan. Org coronavirus. Watch white house briefings, updates from governors and state officials, track spread throughout the u. S. And the world with interactive maps. Watch ondemand any time, unfiltered at cspan. Org coronavirus. Cspans washington journal, live every day with news and policy issues that impact you. Coming up this morning, lucy cody, director of hungry discusses childhood hunger in the u. S. During the covid19 pandemic. Onthe John Locke Foundation how state budgets are being affected. Richard swan with s p global talks about the drop in oil prices and its impact on the u. S. Economy. Watch cspans washington journal, live at 7 00 eastern this morning. Join the discussion. No one is prouder to put this birth certificate matter to rest than the donald. And thats because he can finally get back to focusing on did wethat matter, like faked moon landing . Fake the moon landing . What really happened in roswell . And where our biggie and tupac . This years white house Correspondents Dinner is postponed due to the coronavirus. To mark the annual tradition and future speeches from ronald reagan, george h. W. Bush, bill clinton, george w. Bush, and barack obama. White house Correspondents Dinner speeches tonight at 8 00 eastern on cspan and cspan. Org, or listen on the free cspan radio app. At a News Conference on capitol hill, House Speaker nancy pelosi talked about congresss response to the coronavirus outbreak. She announced House Democrats would move quickly to advance the next rescue bill geared towards cities and states. , House Speaker nancy pelosi held her weekly News Conference with reporters. She talked about the Coronavirus Response and yesterdays passage of an economic aid package to help small
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