All right. Thank you, jim. [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2017] one of the great challenges we face as governors istrying to is trying to anticipate the actions and consequences that our actions will have down the road on future generations. This next panel will give us some insights on what the future might look like. Theyre going to start by looking backward over the past 25 years to let us to get a capsulesized look at how the countrys changed. And most of you, if you have if you havent gone back and told me in 1992 what we have now, i wouldnt have believed it. The explosion of internet, unbelievable changes in telecommunications, social changes, how we do everything. Its just a different world than what we had 25 years ago. If you believe any of these compounding acceleration laws, the next 25 years, the rate of change will be even more rapid. Hopefully, that rate of change will be for the better. Our panel will offer a glimpse of what that future holds, promise of what is possible, and some of the challenges that the future holds for us. Its a chance for us to think about the actions we can take now for that future. Joining us today, kristen tim hodgins, director of research at gallup, richard frye, Pew Research Center, and ryan hawkins, director of state affairs and Public Policy. Whoever is calling me on my cell phone, i am not going to answer. State affairs and Public Policy at microsoft. And, gentlemen, we look forward to your remarks and good, robust conversation about the changing face of the west. Good afternoon. Thanks for the opportunity to share some things that we have learned around the office. Around the office at gallup. Im going to share five or seven minutes here about some of the things that weve learned when it comes to k12 education, College Education and the workplace, and some of the transitions that fall within that. I think the first thing that i would share is, over the last 10 years, weve had time, attention and good advances in the areas of assessment and curriculum and its on the radar , screen. Weve made good advances there, but the countrys attention as it relates to k12 education seems to be changing and , changing things we call the whole child or socialemotional learning. Theres more to the experience than how we did on the test. I am glad to hear about these graded test as a father of four. It makes college more affordable, but were studying student engagement, the belief that you are involved with and enthusiastic about your school day experience. That involves safety having a , teacher that cares about you. And so on. Last month, in the month of october, we surveyed about 800,000 students to see how in the fifth through 12th grades across the country engaged they were and to study their hopes and entrepreneurial aspirations and career and financial literacy. 50 of the nations students are engaged at school. I dont know if that is good or bad. I wish it were 100 , but 50 . Some are not engaged, and some are actively disengaged. As a researcher, when i see a number like 50 , i want to know how we got there. Here is a picture. The nations fifth graders or Elementary School students are engaged three out of four, so about 74 . Theres a precipitous decline each year six, seven, eight, nine, to 10th grade, where only about one third of our students are engaged, and it flat lines there. Once they get to high school. Three quarters of our students are engaged in Elementary School, but only one third engaged when they get to high school. Thats a system issue we need to be aware of and need to address. What is working at the Elementary School level in terms of parent involvement, parent engagement, and so on. So its a system challenge. We know there are several important components. One is great leadership. I work with School Districts across the country and have an opportunity to meet with Successful Schools that have been through a great turn around and have a great story to tell. I never see a Successful School where people apologize for the principal. Theres always a strong leader when there is Great Success at the school. One of the most important things that a School Leader does is select the right teachers on their staff. Some people are predisposed to be great at different jobs, and some have a talent to teach. The belief that every student can learn, and they get a kick out of that. So we have to identify those teachers and mitigate the Teacher Shortage that many states are dealing with. Then, we have to create a Great Workplace for them to learn, so they can give it away to the students that they serve. When students are engaged, they are more likely to achieve. How we feel today will drive how we feel in the future. So we have to deal with these issues around student engagement. When students achieve, we know theyre more prepared to be college and career ready. We need to prepare students for both. When we think about the next level, there are three things that stand out. First, key experiences. We partnered with purdue university. Governor Mitch Daniels was a catalyst about this work early on. Brandon busty and others at gallup to study the key experiences. We surveyed College Alumni and asked them what they did while at college. Theres really no difference about whether a College Graduate will be engaged or thriving in their life if they went to a public or private college, but what matters is how they go to college. Those key experiences. A lot of it comes down to having an adult on the campus that cared about them, was a mentor, plugged them into a career path, and so on, and key experiences in deep learning, a curriculum that builds one semester to the next. Internships and onthejob training has been mentioned. It is the thing most often mentioned when we asked employers what they are looking for. They want to know have you had a , job before . Can you communicate more than 140 characters. Last, managing student loan debt. The numbers have increased past 1. 1 trillion. Its 1. 4 trillion. Student loan debt is the largest, but its greater than all the car loans combined, greater than all the revolving line of credit debt. 1. 4 trillion. Thats a millionmillion. I drove from the airport and there was a sign that said what the Powerball Jackpot is. If you won the jackpot today and said, i want to solve the student debt crisis, the powerball winning would cover the interest until about dinnertime tonight. We have a situation on our hands that is hard to get our heads around. We have to help students make informed decisions. If you have more than 25,000 in outstanding student loan debt, you are half as likely to pursue different decisions, like moving out of your parents home, going back to graduate school, starting a new business, and becoming an entrepeneur, and so on. So we know there is a lot of starting a family is even less likely if you have large amounts of student loan debt. The last thing i will share is this term about changing in the work force. Over the last generation, whether its the advent of the 38 of our work force that is the millennial generation or increasing technology advances, the work force has changed. It has changed from a world where we care less about our paycheck to where we care about our purpose. Its changed from being involved with just our role to what is my opportunities to learn and grow and develop . When we study teacher turnover and why teachers leave the profession, people assume its because of pay and benefits, but teachers leaving the profession are less likely to say that. The most common answer they dont know a path forward. They dont see growth within the role or beyond that role to stay with the school. So we have to address that, not just focusing on our weaknesses. The world gives us enough of that. We need to focus on our strengths. We have helped people identify their talents and harness that for good. Weve transitioned from having a leader or a boss that tells us what it do, to the desire to have a coach that coaches us along in our work, and a transition from the separation of work and the rest of my life to worklife integration. A focus on integrating all of this into my entire life. Maybe those will be some opening remarks to our conversation. I will hand off to my colleagues on the panel and entertain any questions you have at the conclusion. Thank you. Good afternoon. In my brief remarks today, im going to focus on two challenges, and focusing on u. S. Work force, and one will be on the quality of labor and the other will be the quantity of labor. I will discuss the first one first, quantity of labor, and in my view, i would definitely not only say its a challenge, but i would characterize it as a headwind. The second is trends and projections on the quality of labor i have more ambiguous about. I think there are some positive aspects to it. So let me turn first to the quantity of labor. What this shows is my colleagues at Pew Research Center have done projections of the working age population, which we define as ages 25yearsold to 64yearsold. This is not the labor force. Its very, very dicey to project Labor Force Participation rates. We leave that to the bureau of labor statistics. This is the working age population, but this provides the basics of the u. S. Labor force. What you see here is a sand chart, but dont worry about the sand. Just look at the top line, the total working age population. You see a vertical line. Thats 2015. As you look to the left, thats the past 50 years of growth in the u. S. Working age population from 1965 to 2015, and then thats history. Those are actual numbers. To the right, our 20 year projection from 2015 to 2035. What you see Going Forward is, from 2015 to 2035, the working age population will grow by about 10 million persons. 10 million 25yearold to 64yearolds, but the key thing here is very simple. Look to the left. Look at history, and look how steep that growth was. As opposed to that, look to the right in what we project. Were projecting much, much reduced growth Going Forward in the working age population. To put some numbers on it, the slowest decade over the last 50 years, the working age population grew by about. 8 per year, a little less than 1 per year. That was the slowest decade of the last 50 years. The next 20 years, we project that the working age population will only grow about. 3 per year, so one third less. We can discuss this in the question and answer period. Im an economist. Economists, what they think is the way the u. S. Standard of living goes up is two ways productivity, what you get per worker, and how many workers you have in the labor force. So this is a headwind. When the Current Administration wants to set as a goal 3 annual growth thats the number theyre , shooting for, talking about. This is a headwind. It is going to be difficult to make 3 growth on a steady, continuing basis, year after year, when our working age population is only growing. 3 . Now, i dont want to spend a lot of time on the next slide, but we had a lot of immigration to the u. S. In the 1980s and 1990s, but the growth in the working age population in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s wasnt so heavily dependent on the immigrants coming in. We had the baby boom generation and a lot of married women that didnt used to be in the labor force coming into the labor force. So in history, over the last 50 years, immigration has been important, but it wasnt critical. Going forward, that. 3 per year, that is highly contingent on sustained basically, one Million Immigrants coming in per year. What this slide shows, if we reduce our levels of immigration, and this is a hypothetical of zero immigration. Without any immigrants Going Forward in the next 20 years, the working age population will decline, and so theres a lot of pros and cons for immigration. One thing Going Forward, in terms of working age growth in the population, immigration will play a larger role. I want to briefly turn to a Different Research project that weve done and talk about the quality of the labor force, and for times sake, i will advance to the following slide. What we did is we looked at the skill requirements of u. S. Jobs. And just a little bit of background, the u. S. Department of labor in a Data Collection , they, in a detailed fashion, look at the characteristics of well over 900 u. S. Occupations. They survey workers, and they also have job raters that talk to the workers, and, in detailed fashion, describe more than 900 occupations. What we did is we looked at characteristics, very detailed, we looked at about a dozen that we thought captured social skills on the job. This would be interpersonal communication, writing skills, and management skills. That is what we mean by social skills. What we call analytical skills. These were about a dozen different job criteria that captured Critical Thinking and computer usage. And finally, physical skills, manual dexterity, or if you had to repair machines on the job. Every job is rated on the scale. What we did is we looked at jobs that have above average social skills or high to above average analytical skills and high to above average physical skills. Keep in mind theres an overlap. Some jobs need both high social skills and analytical skills. A good example, a ceo will have good social skills and analytical skills, so will a pharmacist, so these are not not mutually exclusive. Cutting to the chase. Lets do the history. What we saw, from 1980 on to 2015, is that total employment in the u. S. Grew by 50 , but jobs that required high or above average social skills almost doubled. They were growing by 83 . Jobs in occupations that required high analytical skills almost doubled, growing 77 . As opposed to that, jobs that required high physical skills only grew by 18 . So what im saying is, the mix of jobs is changing in the u. S. , and its changing towards jobs that require higher skills, particularly in our categorization and high social skills and analytical skills. So skill requirements are going up. Why is it not necessarily a bad thing . I will skip the slide that shows that jobs above average social skills and analytical skills has higher wages. So employment mix is changing, but were creating higher wage jobs as a result. The employment mix is changing, but its toward good jobs, high skilled jobs. What is the challenger . As you all know, that might be the case, but as weve seen, were all wondering how well get our students and our workers, as well as benefiting our employers, helping them to get the skills they will need. In regards to those skills at the research center, we do not try to do occupational projections. Its very difficult, but the u. S. Department of labor, bureau of labor statistics does try. This is based on their most recent 10 year projections of how employment will change from 2014 to 2024. They go for a detailed set of occupations when they say how employment will grow. What we did, we said, ok, we have a taxomomy of which jobs require high social skills and analytical skills and high physical skills. , 1980, thehe past shift has been mixing. According to the bls, if their projections are correct, this trend will continue, and so the basic message here, i will end up here, we face two challenges Going Forward. Unlike the previous 50 years where our standard of living partly was driven forward by a large baby boom, as well as immigration, as well as the participation of married women in the labor force. That stoked the growth and Living Standards weve had over the last 50 years. We have got a headwind, at least Going Forward next 20 years according to our projections, because were not going to get the growth of the working age population that we had previously. Thats a headwind, and its going to make 3 growth and the standard of living very, very difficult. Also, the skill mix is changing. This is a mix towards better paying jobs. We all face the challenge of how well help our workers and our employers find the highly skilled workers. Thank you. [applause] good afternoon. So, im perhaps the last thing standing between this group and happy hour. Is that right . Well have a couple of questions. Perfect. Ok. Always an enviable position to have. As governor hickenlooper alluded to, we live in a time of profound change. At microsoft, we find it helpful sometimes to reflect upon, not simply the changes weve seen in the last 25 years, but the changes in the life of our company. Microsoft was founded in 1975 in albuquerque, new mexico in the midst of a revolution wrought by the microprocessor, and bill gates and paul allen had a very simple vision, and that was to put a p. C. On every desk and in every home. Three decades later, we see a smartphone in every hand and in every pocket. Four decades later, even more profound changes, and our company has changed. Were no longer the Software Start up from albuquerque that moved to seattle. Were now a big, multinational, Cloud Computing company. We have thousands of employees, not just in seattle or silicon valley, but we have a campus in fargo, an Engineering Center outside salt lake city, employees in arizona, nevada, colorado, throughout the west, but were also part of what a lot of people are referring to as the fourth industrial revolution. Its a revolution thats driven principally by Cloud Computing. Cloud computing, meaning the provision of services over the internet using massive data centers that can collect, store, and process huge volumes of information extremely quickly. This trend is changing everything, every industry, every segment of society. Its bringing us autonomous vehicles, changing education, creating new opportunities to connect students and workers to new training courses. Its transforming medicine. In 2003, it took us a decade to sequence the 3 billion base pairs of d. N. A. That make up the human genome. 10 years later, in 2013, a single facility can do that in a week. Its even faster now. So, all of the changes even agriculture. You have heard of precision agriculture . We have a project outside carnation, washington where you can put cheap sensors into the soil. A form with these things. Mine a form with these things. Connect back to a Cloud Service like microsoft, and you can take moisture readings and take other readings about the composition of the soil and help farmers be more efficient, increase yield, make better use of irrigation. All of those opportunities require one thing that is access to broadband. 34 million americans today, 23 million of whom live in rural communities, lack access to broadband, which means that each day that goes by, for 23 million americans, theyre falling further and further behind, as the rest of the world is taking advantage of all of the new opportunities that technology is providing. So we started and you can see on this slide you dont actually have to go very far outside of some of the tech hubs of this country to find communities that are affected by this problem. This shows, county by county, the percentage of people who have access to broadband, but even within counties, you can find pockets. You go to eastern washington, where im originally from go to okanogan county, you can find plenty of communities affected by this problem. So we started a new Rural Broadband initiative this summer. Brad smith announced it. Its an attempt to take a crack at solving the Rural Broadband gap with tv whide space. It provides broadband using unused tv channels over the air, and so it literally works by building a base station with a radio antenna. You hook that up to the internet, and you can broadcast the signal out over an area with a 10 mile radius, in homes or Small Businesses. You have a little radio, which can receive the signal, translate it to wifi. So if you are in your house, you simply open your laptop and connect to the internet, much the way most of us would. The advantage that tv white spaces has, its much cheaper to build the infrastructure necessary to get broadband up and running than traditional forms of providing broadband, which has been the classic problem as to why we have this broadband gap. Its prohibitively expensive to put fiber in the ground. It can cost 30,000 to 40,000 per mile to do so. Tv white spaces is cheaper, because the signals it uses travel further and goes through obstacles much better than other Wireless Technologies like lte. Its not and will never be a replacement for fiber or even lte. This is really an addon. The speeds you can achieve are good enough. They are not fiber speed, but its possible to achieve speeds that meet the s. E. C. s definition of broadband, which is 25 mega bits per second down, three mega bits per second up, fast enough to stream a movie or do anything that a Small Business or consumer would want to do. Our initiative has a rather ambitious goal. That is to help to galvanize the private marketplace and solve the Rural Broadband gap in five years. It has three components. First, were launching pilot across the states country. We are launching projects in the 13 states you see up on the map. In all of the projects, we will go in with a local Internet Service provider, isp partner on the ground. Microsoft is not an isp. We have no desire to be an isp. Were not entering the isp business, but well go in weve been working on this technology for 10 years. Weve launched pilots in over 20 places around the world, connecting 200,000 people. So we know how the Technology Works and well provide Capital Investment to build the infrastructure necessary to get a project off the ground. So we buy down the business and technical risk for our partner. They run the pilot. Well typically do a revenuesharing agreement with them. We sign that to recoup our Capital Investment. After that, were out of the project, and its up to them to run. And the idea is, we dump that money into another project and continue building out the network of projects. We think, over the course of five years, our project alone can connect 2 Million People in rural america. So there are a couple of other components to the project. First, i should emphasize that i alluded to this earlier its not a silverbullet to solve the problem. We think a mix of technologies would enable us to solve the broadband gap. Frankly, we dont care how people getconnected. Get connected. We just want them to be connected. Whether its through tv white spaces, other Wireless Technologies, expanding fiber. We think that is all great. After all, were a cloudcomputing company. If you dont have access to broadband, you cant be our customer. Its in our business interest and, frankly, every businesss interest with a presence on the internet to have more people connected to broadband. The second aspect of our initiative is a Technology Licensing program. Because our goal is to galvanize the marketplace, we want entities to start their own project, own businesses. So we have 39 patents related to tv white spaces. Weve announced well provide access to them royaltyfree, free of charge, to any company. If you want to start a tv white spaces program, well help and provide you thetechnology to do that. The last piece is a Digital Skills and Digital Literacy piece. We have announced a multiyear novelty Million Dollar partnership with 4h, where well train teams in communities that are receiving new access tobroadband, so they can turn around and train members of their community to provide them with Digital Skills to help them make better use of thebroadband the Broadband Access they will be receiving. So theres a lot of work going on with this initiative. There are proceedings at the fcc to make sure that there will be adequate spectrum available for the public to use, to use tv white spaces technology. Weve been asking state and local leaders to speak up and help with us that, and thank you to several governors for doing that. Were constantly looking for communities and partners who would be good candidates for new pilots. If you have ideas in your state, wed love to have those conversations. Lastly, were just starting to explore the possibility of doing matching funds, whether theyre Grant Programs or Something Else from the public sector, to perhaps take the 2 Million People we plan to reach directly until bus make it 4 million, 6 million, or 8 million. Thank you very much. I would be happy to answer any questions that the governors may have. [applause] great. We have time for a few questions. I think you all did a great job. I want to thank you for taking time out of your busy schedules for being here and illuminate us. As moderator, i get a chance to ask the first question and then i will yield to the governors. Its royaltyfree, you are giving up, allowing access to the patents. It really is, i think, a philanthropic effort to a large extent. Obviously, you benefit by more people being connected, but so do businesses and every governor and every state benefit. I love the pilots. Youve been doing this for 10 years. It can see through buildings. I get that. It has not proven out yet at acommercial level. How does that justify broader deployment . Thats what you are recommending. And then the second part is, and this is the fcc is looking at Net Neutrality. And how would this assuming that they do bull back, if Net Neutrality is eliminated, as it appears it will be, what kind of an effect could this have . My dad is a trial lawyer and they have a tag line, doing well by doing good. That is how i think about this initiative. You are right, governor, there is a philanthropic component to it, but it is, as i mentioned, in our best interest to have more people connected. The i dont know on the second question how Net Neutrality might affect this. I havent thought about that, to be perfectly frank. As for your first question, we are actually ahead of schedule in terms of getting the fcc to develop rules to allow tv white spaces to the marketplace. The fcc initially issued rules allowing tv white spaces to function nine years ago. It took 13 or 14 years for cellular to be brought to market. Frankly, theres been regulatory uncertainty. Congress passed a law in 2012 that there were concerns that, given the rise of cellular so Congress Passed a law in 2012 that required the fcc to auction off more spectrum to cellular providers. As result, forced them to take a look at all of their rules relating to spectrum, including to tv white spaces. Theres a network of chip manufacturers and others that make the components to make tv white spaces work. Theyre ready to go. Theyre ready to produce at scale. They need to know. They need regulatory certainty, so they know there will, in fact, be a market for their product, if they do so. We know the Technology Works. Its what were trying to prove with our pilots. And wed love to work with some of you governors to make this happen. Great. Wed love to do that. Ive had some discussions around the Net Neutrality and i think it would have a positive effect. I think it would expand Net Neutrality into different regions and provided a kind of balance. Governor walker, you had a question . I did. I had a question for the last presenter. Thank you for the map of what you are doing on the air band projects. I noticed that alaska wasnt on the map. So i will look forward to seeing that at some point, but find out were so the problem we have is, the rural areas are the least populated. So the focus of attention is always on the bigger populated areas. I as a governor am looking for balance. Governor walker, you had a ways we can connect some of our rural areas. We had standardized testing it took them longer to download the tests, because it was referred to as a rubber band rather than the broadband. So we need to work with Companies Like yourself to find out what we can do as a state to help level the playing field. Because i think those that dont have equal access to broadband will no question, suffer. So im anxious i appreciated your presentation very much. Im anxious to work with you to see what is happening on rural level. Governor, you will be surprised to find that weve gotten that question before. Why isnt my state on the map . It doesnt mean that your state wont be on the map rolling forward. We intend to roll out pilots over the next five years and your state would be a good candidate for a pilot. The scenario you are describing we have a project, for example in southern virginia. Its a project we call the home work gap. Its intended to provide broadband to schoolkids that dont otherwise have it. Theyre trying to take Computer Science courses 500,000 jobs require a Computer Science degree but were only producing 45,000 graduates. So im anxious i appreciated you cannot get access to those courses without broadband. Wed love to continue to have a conservation with you. Wed love to talk to you about the communities that would be a good fit. Most of the communities that we chose in the first round we chose our home state, washington, obvious tie, but they wanted to be in states where they could find a partner that is a good fit. So if you have ideas on who would be a good partner, wed love to have conversations, too, about whether theres a role that public funding will help us do this work and expand it more quickly. I think did i see a hand . Youre selected. If youre the last question, i want to be sure. I was going to say, again, theres been 10 governors that have sent a letter to the ftc hickenlooper is one of them that signed it as well, supporting i was going to say, again, this. And i would just say, i would say thanks to microsoft for in general driving the initiative. Its taken spectrum thats available and repurposing it in a smart way and it has a great role for precision agriculture. We spend a lot of money bringing broadband. It goes everywhere. Its broadband. It will reach a tractor. It will reach somebody on a horse with a cell phone and that schoolkid that may have gotten broadband at the school but when he takes the bus back home doesnt reach him. We have to have it to everybody all the time, 24 hours a day, to be able to take advantage of it. And for industry i know a lot of people are interested in energy. Well have Remote Monitoring on pipelines, transition lines. We need those connected. Its an internet of things and not just internet of people. Its a terrific initiative and were happy to be supporting it and looking forward to working with you on the rollout. I hope youre happy now. [laughter] thank you, governor. Thank you for your leadership. I will be quick. Thank you. Its a fascinating subject and thank you, all, for being here. We, as governors, try to predict the future and anticipate the past and what will happen in the future, so we get good policy in place is important to us. And i do fall down on the side of that great new york yankee halloffamer yogi berra, i hate to make predictions, particularly about the future. [laughter] my question is for you, richard. I have Great Respect for the pew center. You do great work for all of us and we appreciate your good work. It seems to me you were talking about the headwind and talking about the fact that we are trying to have a goal of a 3 gdp growth. I dont think that has to do with any administration. Its been the growth trend on average and all administrations would like to retain that. Our headwind, as i understand it, is because our working age population of american born to American Parents is going to drop. And that gap is being filled by immigration in all of its forms and gdp is equal to the employers, workers, times their productivity per employer, equals gdp. Why could we not still increase our gdp by increasing the production of the employee, the worker, even if the numbers are stagnant. As we look at history for the past 100 years, i think our gdp has grown dramatically because of advancements in science and technology and increased production for labor. We could see third world countries where theyve had increase in population, but their production thats why theyre third world. Its in proportion to the advancements we made in america and other Free Democratic countries. Help me understand im missing something, im sure here, as to why we cannot have increased gdp growth in spite of the immigration issue, as we increase with science, technology, increasing skills and production per worker . Richard and tim, why dont you give it 1 1 2 minutes and then well let people go find a beer. Thank you for the kind words towards the work of the Pew Research Center. We certainly do, indeed, aspire to raise our standard of living through greater productivity. And weve had periods where weve had productivity growth. Particularly with the rollout of the internet and broadband from 1995 to 2004, there was a to raise our standard of living through greater productivity. Productivity spurt. At least economists, they talk a lot about productivity growth, but we dont understand it very well. At least since 2005, measured productivity growth has been more abundant. Thats not to say that, indeed, we cant get to a higher standard of living and i agree. Not to say it wont happen. Current productivity trends have been stagnant and so thats why its taken on greater importance. As a result of the baby boomers aging and declining fertility, its not going to be Third Generation americans higher that will grow the ranks and so immigration is playing a more important role. I think there is incredible Untapped Potential in our American Work force right now. A few months before i started at gallup, we wrote a book called first break all the rules. We introduced the importance of Employee Engagement and weve tracked 40 percent surveyed. 30 are engaged. Half are not. More transactionally related. And 1 6 of our work force is disengaged, frustrated about their workplace and not afraid to say so. I would say we have incredible Untapped Potential. The 2 3 of employees that are less engaged would be a good economic strategy. Maybe its recognition. Having an opinion that counts or a manager that sets you up for success. If we could address the basic human needs and tap into the potential of the 2 3 of employees that are there with their head and hands but not their emotions. So i think thats a strategy that is in front of us. Great. Thank you very much. A manager that sets you up for i want to recognize gallup for the work. Jobs war its a short book, but very good. Ryan, thank you for brunging this to the table. Your work and microsoft continue to help us. The skillful effort that you and linkedin have been pushing, wonderful progress. Richard, thank you. We all depend on factual, Accurate Information and pew does that better than anybody. All three of you, thank you very much. [applause] that concludes todays panels. We look forward to seeing you all at 7 00 in biltmores gold room that will feature an address by john ratsenberger. See you tonight. Thanks for being here. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] [captions Copyright National if you ever get a chance to read cable satellite corp. 2017] tonight, the Reagan National defense for them takes a look at the militarys role in space. Among the speakers, air force secretary rosen and general john heighten. The u. S. Is prepared to fight but not prepared to fight in the future. The strength that we have today is based on the mass and sheer numbers of capabilities we have put up over the years. It dwarfs any adversary that we face. Because of that, it makes it very difficult for an adversary to deny the capabilities of the United States. But we dont have war fighting abilities built on those systems. Our adversaries have been watching us ever since the first gulf war. They watched the enormous conventional power we created, in many ways with the naval space. When you see that enormous capability, you have to decide am i going to ignore that huge advantage or do something about it . The chinese and russians in particular for the last 20 plus years have been watching what we have been doing, developing capabilities and they have not been secret about it. Building weapons, testing weapons. From earth into space, laser weapons. They have not kept it secret. They are building those capabilities to challenge the United States of america, our allies, and change the balance of power in the world. We cannot allow that to happen. We would win today but not necessarily in the future. Im worried about the future because i dont know how it happened, but somehow this country lost the ability to go fast. We have adversaries going fast. We dont go fast anymore. We take four years to study a problem before we do anything. We do four years of Risk Reduction of technology we did built years ago. We take that much time because we have been able to because the advantage we have over adversaries. Threat andok at the deal with the threat, we dont have that much time anymore. We have to move right now and we have to move fast. We are other significant advantage today but five years from today that advantage if we dont do Something Different will be gone and 10 years from now it will be gone. You can watch the rest of the discussion from the Forum Tonight at 10 30 p. M. Eastern on cspan. Cspans student cam, the tweets say it all. Studentcam in action. Video editing for a constitutional documentary. This group shows is how it is done. Two stellar interviews in one day. Hardhitting questions about Immigration Reform and the dream act. Choose a provision of the u. S. Constitution and create a video illustrating why it is important. Our competition is open to all middle school and high School Students grades six through 12. 100,000 in cash prizes will be awarded. The grand prize of 5,000 will be awarded to the student or team with the best overall entry. The deadline is january 18. Get contest details on our website at studentcam. Org. Year, democratic legislators from around the country met in washington, d. C. To discuss the innovation. This years conference included an entrepreneur, professor jeffrey sachs, and a former new york state senator. They discussed their goals for multiple state legislatures. This is just over one hour. Hello. All right, thats enough about
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