Seem like a crazy thing to do for science but the most important thing about my work is that mosquitoes are as natural as they can be. Hi, im natalie graham, and this is inside out for the southeast. No, six months ago, two men from sussex went to spain on a golfing holiday. They have not been seen since. Glenn campbell now reports on the disturbing disappearance of a father and son. What would you do if your grandson, someone you what would you do if your grandson, someone you had helped nurture and watched grow into a young man, suddenlyjust vanished watched grow into a young man, suddenly just vanished while watched grow into a young man, suddenlyjust vanished while on holiday with urine spain . |j suddenlyjust vanished while on holiday with urine spain . I cant live not knowing what happens. Mike on holiday here in spain. How far would you go to try to discover the truth . I need to find proof of what has happened. I want him back. And what if that truth opened a door into a dark criminal underworld . Fears are growing tonight for a father and son from sussex who have apparently disappeared whilst on holiday in spain. This is cathy from sussex, a proud grandmother of eight who likes to knit. Cathys first grandchild is 22 year old liam, who vanished in spain with his dad, daniel, six months ago. |j vanished in spain with his dad, daniel, six months ago. I cut the cord when he was born, god love him. Just a cutie, first grandchild. I was besotted. Every time i spoke about him, it brought tears to my eyes full stops so chuffed with him, so proud. Since their disappearance, cathys family have been advised by Sussex Police not to travel to spain. But with no news, this sussex grandmother is flying out to retrace her grandsons last known movements. And i amjoining her. Six her grandsons last known movements. And i am joining her. Six months on and we are going to retrace that journey that daniel and liam took, leaving gatwick on the sunday. What can you now tell us that you know is pretty much back . Alll know can you now tell us that you know is pretty much back . All i know for fa ct, pretty much back . All i know for fact, they landed in malaga, the ended up in a hotel and after that went out for a meal. Liam ended up staying and danny went back to the hotel. Danny left the hotel about ten oclock one morning and that was it. There are two sides to the spanish holiday resorts dotted along the coasts from other couples to first, the sun soaked tourist hotspots long popular with the brits. Second, the more sinister criminal underworld that flourishes thanks to the booming cannabis and cocaine trade across the mediterranean. And it is the darker, more sinister underbelly cathys visiting. The last three years have seena visiting. The last three years have seen a very visiting. The last three years have seen a very sharp increase in Violent Crime and drug related incidents last year, there were about four assassinations on the streets in broad daylight. It is becoming a lot more obvious to People Living here that these things are living here and the drugs are coming back and forth from south america and morocco under the trade is. Highly competitive at the moment. When we arrive, the first place cathy wants to visit is the Hotel Complex where daniel and liam checked into on sunday march the sist. Checked into on sunday march the 31st. This was two days before the vanished. Here we are no, this is it. Coming into the resort now. How are you going to feel coming year . How important is this for you . M are you going to feel coming year . How important is this for you . It is important because this is the last place i knew they have been, so it is very important. Sussex police say daniel and liam are there to enjoy a range of golf and look for holiday homes but cathy says this was no golfing triple dip anything sporty werent his seen so, no, i cant see him playing golf. Well, here we are. Cathy, this is the hotel they were staying before they were last seen alive. What do you think . Massive. It is not what i expected. Not at all. To think this is the last place the boy was. They could have been staying in any one of a thousand apartments here and the police have sealed off the one that they were in, but we cannot find out where it was. There is just cannot find out where it was. There isjust a cannot find out where it was. There is just a prequalify. Cannot find out where it was. There isjust a prequalify. Did cannot find out where it was. There is just a prequalify. Did they come here very often . Was this somewhere they regularly came on holiday . Yes, i had known him to come here three times within the last four of five months. You knew they were potentially up to no good when they we re potentially up to no good when they were coming here . I had suspicions. I will let you wander up, i know you wa nt to i will let you wander up, i know you want to put of time when your own. So, liam did not play golf but he and his dad had been here several times this year already. Why were theyin times this year already. Why were they in spain . Our Research Shows that daniel has convictions for drug dealing and our sources have told us this was no holiday but a drug deal. I knew that he had done time for drugs, because he was with my daughter at that time. We always suspected he was up to no good, but, again, wejust suspected he was up to no good, but, again, we just didnt ask questions. One crucial bit of evidence that points to foul play is this. Both liam and daniel left all of their luggage and their passports in their hotel room. All the evidence, then, is suggesting that they intended to return back to their hotel room but the vanished. I knew he was going to spain to look up meet up with somebody to do some sort of deal. Whether that be property, drugs, i really didnt know. Daniel was last seen alive on the morning of tuesday april the 2nd, driving out of the complex in his grey peugeot 308 hire car. Officially, Spanish Police have yet to find the hire car but a source have told us that the police did find it abundant on a street near the town. Why have the police kept it secret that the car was found backin it secret that the car was found back in may . I do not know. We only found. The police told my daughter only about two or three weeks ago. That they had had the car and find it . Yes. What have they done with the car . Speak about do not know, it was just being forensically looked at. The police do not know that the demand for £100,000 was received by the family that all we were told was morocco and we got a phone message to say there was a run some come through for 100,000 within about three hours, we had raised the 100,000. Nothing materialised. Sussex police are resisting the Spanish Police in the case of the disappearance of daniel and liam poole. But neitherforce, when disappearance of daniel and liam poole. But neither force, when we asked, would take part in this programme. When cathy walked into the police headquarters, there was not even a poster of her grandson on the missing board. As cathy retraced her grandsons footsteps, the fact that nobody seems to care is what u psets that nobody seems to care is what upsets are the most. I expected to walk down the street and see lots of posters saying missing. We havent seen one posters saying missing. We havent seen one in all the time we have been here. I thought i would be upset by that but i am more upset that there arent any. So, she tries to get some local bars to display her missing posters. Hi, have you seen her missing posters. Hi, have you seen this too . I have seen that in the paper. But not all the bar owners are sympathetic. So, cat, you went into one of the bars and did not seem very happy, what happened . When i showed him the poster, he said he has seen it and that they we re said he has seen it and that they were both wrong and is, and that just upset me. Liams father, daniel, is a convicted drug dealer but his son is not. He is cathys first grandson, who was just 22, and this grandmother needs to know if her liam was somehow caught up in a drugs deal that went wrong. Her liam was somehow caught up in a drugs deal that went wronglj her liam was somehow caught up in a drugs deal that went wrong. I do think liams died. I think hes been killed. We are . I hope he is not at the bottom of the sea. People say he is, i hope he is not because i want the chance of somebody giving him back. What would you have to say to anybody watching this who might have some information that could help you . Just please, please, pick up the phone. Just phone the police, phone bbc, anything you dont have to give your name, give anything, just tells what happened to liam and his dad. Coming up on inside out chathams unique Recording Studio for mosquitoes, all in the interests of science. When the male is chasing the female, wed like to know what is the optimum location of the male in order to hear the female. Now, depression can have a devastating effect on anyone who suffers from it. But now scientists are researching some Surprising New drugs to combat the condition. Heres emma thomas. This is a man who were calling paul. He lives in brighton and you might say hes a fairly average kind of guy. He holds down a respectable job and has no criminal record. But recently, his life suddenly took a turn for the worse. Four months ago, i had what id describe as a severe bout of depression. It was crippling, struggling to sort of get out of bed. Its only really, i think, the love of my family that actually stopped me doing something silly, and i was at a bit of a wits end. In fact, paul has a long history of depression and he says the anti depressants hes been prescribed stopped working. One day, a friend recommended he tried taking a tiny amount of a fungus commonly known as magic mushrooms. And within six hours, my outlook had completely changed. It felt to me like a miracle. Like these churning negative spiral of thoughts are just gone. Paul is micro dosing taking amounts of magic mushrooms so small they have no effect on his ability to carry out his daily routine. But he believes it helps with the symptoms of his depression. The active molecule in them is psilocybin. Its one of a group of psychoactive substances known as psychedelics. Psychedelics like lsd and magic mushrooms are illegal, but Imperial College london has a centre for psychedelic research. They have permission to work on a study to test how effective psychedelics are at treating depression compared to traditional antidepressants. They have permission to work on a study to test how effective psychedelics are at treating depression compared to traditional antidepressants. Theyre hoping to test 50 people. Its the first time this has been done. As its a randomised test, some will get the drug and some wont. Can you talk me through whats going on here then . Sure. So were mocking up a psilocybin, magic mushroom dosing session. We have three of our team members. We have bruno, whos actually coordinating the trial, posing as our patient. We havejohnny and roberta, who are both psychiatrists. And one thing to notice is usually you would have, you know, your bare white walls and it would all feel very clinical. But here were trying to soften that. We have these nature scenes. We have this warm lighting. The patient has some art books and nature books to flick through as well. And so were trying to promote a sense of calm and serenity. The therapist will present bruno with the capsules in this beautiful dish you can see there. So theres a kind of nod to ceremony, in some sense. And then after that, shes invited to go inside, as we say it. And this is really the beginning of that inner journey. Dr Robin Carhart harris isnt micro dosing his volunteers. Hes looking into the effects of full doses of psilocybin. He has a special licence from the home office to administer the drug for the purposes of research. So psychedelics are fascinating drugs. The way they work on the mind and the brain is really unique. They allow us to see very deeply into the mind. Psychedelic means mind revealing. For the last six years i have taken lsd and other such drugs regularly. I consider it a part of my spiritual practice, i also consider it part of my scientific work. One of the first scientists to take an interest in psychedelics was dr timothy leary. He was a clinical psychologist at Harvard University in the us in the 1960s. He would give people mushrooms to see if it could change their behaviour as a kind of therapy. Unfortunately, his Research Project got rather out of control and he tore up the scientific rule book and he stopped doing Quantitative Research research with numbers, scientific research. And hejust started giving psilocybin to his students and to anyone he met. And his research experiments, rather, turned into psychedelic parties. Harvard got wind of it and they closed the project down pretty quickly. Because of this bad publicity, Serious Research stopped. And thats why little is scientifically known about psychedelics compared with other drugs. Something which dr Carhart Harris wants to change. There was some sort of irresponsible messaging going on and a wave of increased recreational use. The whole turn on, tune in, drop out message that people were coming up with, timothy leary. But what we have today is a much more mature, i think, considered scientifically informed approach to these drugs. And back in brighton, paul may think that his use of magic mushrooms is doing him good, but he has never taken part in any scientific analysis and he is breaking the law. Possession of the drug carries a penalty of up to seven years in prison, an unlimited fine, or both. So does he realise hes breaking the rules . Of course. Im aware that it is a class a drug, and the potential for trouble is certainly there. Something with this medicinal value, it just seems crazy that that it is illegal. What does dr Carhart Harris think about the safety of psychedelics . They dont seem to damage the body or the brain. However, psychologically, they really rattle the cage. You know, i certainly wouldnt advocate about use of psychedelics beyond this safe, supportive setting. The nhs says your gp is the first port of call if you have or think you may have depression. We strongly advise against self medicating with any drug for depression. And the Drugs Information Service talk to frank says if you have any Mental Health issues, magic mushrooms can make them worse. The results of the imperial trial should be out next year. But dr Carhart Harris says he wouldnt want members of the public thinking they can treat their own depression by picking their own magic mushrooms. I wouldnt be in favour of legalising that kind of free use of psychedelics, but some kind of controlled, regulated use, i think, could be really positive, actually, for treating Mental Illness and perhaps even more broadly than that. And paul, of course, would like psilocybin to be taken off the banned list. Obviously, its something that grows out of the ground. It seems a bit strange to make a plant illegal. I think sooner or later thats going to change. I think it has to change. While this potential new treatment might not appeal to everyone, dr andy letcher says psilocybin has been used in indigenous healing ceremonies for years. And he sees them becoming as standard as other Prescription Medications on the nhs. Obviously, theres a lot of research that needs to be done, but i see a future in which psychedelic therapy is just a normal part of modern medicine. Emma thomas reporting. Now, whats the most dangerous animal in the world . It is, in fact, the mosquito. Mosquitoes carry lots of diseases and kill more than a Million People every year. Thats why a team of scientists in kent is studying the insects to save lives. Heres yvette austin. A blood meal. The female mosquito needs the nourishment to grow and mature her eggs. And as she bites, potentially fatal diseases like malaria can be spread. But while most of the world thinks of the insect as a menace to be fought and feared, professor Gabriella Gibson takes a different view. Shes fascinated by them and leads a team of scientists who are working on protecting us all. In order to be able to control the effect mosquitoes have on people, we have to understand what makes a mosquito tick. And once we know how an organism works, then we can build something which is a trap or a control measure or a way of manipulating that behaviour in our favour. Mosquito Borne Disease was once here in the southeast. When this fort was built in the 19th century on the north kent marshes, fevers which were most likely malaria plagued populations living around the stagnant water. And theres evidence here in the graveyard of St Jamess Church in cooling. The graves of 13 infants made famous by Charles Dickens in his great expectations. Its thought they died of it in the late 1700 to early 1800s. We know that marshlands, they were very challenging in terms they were challenging places to live. And people who lived in marshlands were less healthy than People Living outside of marshlands. However, this situation has completely changed today. Malaria died out here naturally. It was in conjunction with improvements in public health, improvements in living standards. So, for instance, where people used to live above the cattle in the same building, as you got barns developing, people got wealthier, then the cattle moved away, the mosquitoes went with them because they preferred cattle, rather than people. And so we saw the natural eradication of malaria. If only the solution was so simple elsewhere. In the warmer climes, where the malaria parasite persists, the species of mosquito that spreads it readily feeds on humans. Gabriella and her team are gathering intelligence to their foe. And ive been given special access to their Research Laboratories here at the Natural Resources institute in chatham. Inside is what can only be described as a mosquito farm. Theres no danger here, but out in the wild, in tropical zones, these key species are capable of spreading disease. Theyre being bred here to be studied. We are actually learning things about mosquitoes that nobodys ever known before. They are the tiniest organism and yet on their head, they have these amazing antennae that pick up sound, that are more sensitive than any other insect hearing system. And then next to that, they have eyes that can see in the dark. And then they have the same antennae that are listening to sounds also pick up all these odours, these smells. Theres about 300 chemicals, specific chemicals they detect to find someone to bite. The larvae, become pupae, which turn into the mosquitoes. And for more eggs to be produced, the females need blood, which gabriella gives them twice a week. Ijust put my arm in. Can you feel it . Nothing. It does seem like a crazy thing to do for science. But the most important thing about my work is that the mosquitoes are as natural as they can be. So we have them in this room, which is at 28 degrees, and we have bright sunlight, which would be like african light. And so the food that the mosquito eats really should be the same as what it feeds on naturally. And you dont get the big bumpy bites . No. I challenge you to tell me where. You are so lucky i think that might be one there, but maybe. And that little pink spot, maybe. Yeah. Thats all ill have. You can see it sort of gets a little bit paler around for a bit, but they never itch. Two hours from now, i cant see ive been bitten. Droning a distinctive whine a male and female mosquito before mating. And its that sound which intrigues musician lionel, whos using his expertise to learn about how mosquitoes get together. With a few chilled on ice, a warm wax is used to attach them to a fine wire. Its like theyre on a lead. Once warmed up, they can fly, but not away. And to listen into them lionel is using the worlds only Recording Studio of its kind for mosquitoes. The males create a huge swarm and they wait for a female to come and mate, at sunset, usually. At dusk there is very little light and they have to use the sound of their wings in order to locate the other one. So the mosquitoes are recorded in the sphere of microphones. When the male is chasing the female, wed like to know what is the optimum location of the male in order to hear the female. So we record the sound all over the female and we compare the sounds. But why does that matter . Its a very basic research on how they mate, the parade behaviour just before the mating. So its very important if we understand that, we may be able later to propose some way to target, to disrupt the swarm. Disrupt mating behaviour. Africa, where 90 of the worlds 400,000 annual deaths from malaria one of my highest ambitions is to do anything that could cure malaria. But they are present here in the uk. Theyre part of the ecosystem some species do cause a real nuisance so i would be dramatically proud of their was some way we could also manage those species so that they we re manage those species so that they were not so much of a problem. Much has been learned here in chatham about this most ancient of insects, but it still holds secrets that the scientists wont give up trying to unlock anytime soon. Yvette austin reporting. And dont forget, if you have a story you think we should be covering on the programme and wed like to hear from you. Thats it from us this week. Thank you for watching. Good afternoon. The weather is certainly causing a bit of disruption out there this afternoon. Some of us have low pressure in charge, wait and windy weather, especially in the south. This is the picture on shore by sea. Some really big waves around the coast. We have had gusts of around about 109 mph recorded at the needles on the isle of wight. That combination of gales and heavy rain is causing some disruption to travel. Seen reports of trees down, for instance, and fireworks displays cancelled. Here is the area of low pressure in charge of our weather. Lots of isobars to the south and north of that area of low pressure. Wait and windy weather continuing across some parts of northern scotland, particularly the mainland. Shetland drier and brighter with some sunshine. Heavy rain by south wales, parts of southern england at times. Combined with those of strong gusts of wind. He winds easing into this evening. Gusts of about a0 to 50 mph for a time. Into tonight, the winds will start to ease away. Most of the heavy rain as well. It is not going to bea heavy rain as well. It is not going to be a cold, frosty night. Temperatures around 6 8 celsius. But miss dennis for the likes of northern ireland, north west england, the midlands and north west wales. Tomorrows weather, low pressure but not as windy or await as it is out there today. Still a few showers on the cards tomorrow, especially for northern and eastern scotland, eastern parts of england and the south west with heavy showers later in the day for but a much improved day for east anglia, the south east, the midlands, north wales, northern ireland. Sunshine around. Still if you blustery showers here and there but a different feeling they. We will have lost those strong gusts in the south today. Up to 1a degrees on sunday, reasonably mild. Things will start to turn colder through the course of next week. Monday will bring us another day of if you sunny spells but still lots of showers, especially for southern scotland, northern england, northern ireland, south western parts of england. Some heavy, potentially thundery, showers. Some drier, brighter weather in between the showers. It continues to turn it little bit colder through the week ahead. Through the middle part of the week, in fact, many opposites like in single figures. More unsettled weather on the cards with some showers at times as well. Do be prepared forfurther, showers at times as well. Do be prepared for further, very strong winds and heavy rain, especially across parts of southern england and south wales for the rest of the day. This is bbc news im shaun ley. The headlines at two south africa are victorious in the Rugby World Cup final, beating england 32 12 at yokohama in japan. Jubilation in capetown as the sprinkboks win the trophy for the third time, the first with a black captain. So near yet so far for england fans who take comfort in team coach eddiejones achievements. South africa deserved it. It was a disappointing game to watch, because there was simply not enough rugby being played. Hey, itsjust a game of rugby, mate, its all good. The government halts fracking for gas in england until there is evidence the controversial process is safe. Labour unveils a plan to make all new build homes zero carbon
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