After officers charged barricades built by the demonstrators. More rallies are planned for sunday. A 25 year old man, maurice robinson, has been charged with 39 counts of manslaughter and conspiracy to traffic people after 39 bodies were found in a refrigerated lorry trailer in britain. A fifth person has been arrested in connection with the deaths. Now on bbc news click. This week, its the 50th birthday of the internet. We will hear how it was switched on, how democracy could be rebooted, and how hard it is to tell apples from. Apples. Every single day, we upload four million hours of video to youtube. We send 682 million tweets. We post over 67 million instagram pictures. 4. 4 billion of us use the internet and collectively, we create 2. 5 exa bytes, thats 2. 5 million tb or 2. 5 quintillion bytes of data every single day. And a significant proportion of all of that data searches, views, messages, social media, video streaming, goes through here. This is telehouse north, one of the most important parts of the internets backbone. Its one of four buildings here in london for with computers, cables, cooling equipment, and sheer geekery. The internet was built on many earlier ideas but the big one happened exactly 50 years ago this week. The work had origins in 1969 when the American Defense department, specifically the Defense Advanced Research projects agency decided that he needed a network to connect about a dozen University Computer systems together in order to promote sharing of information and acceleration of research in Artificial Intelligence. And so, they promoted the design and development of a packet switch network which they called arpanet. On october 29th 1969 at 10. 30pm in the evening, the first message was sent over arpanet. A computer at the university of california in los angeles sent a word to Stanford Research institute in san francisco. The word was login. Although the system crashed before they got to the g. Nevertheless, those two nodes became hundreds and then thousands and then millions of connections. A Global Network of networks now consists of over 1. 2 million kilometres of submarine cables, sometimes layed as deep as Mount Everest is high. These connect massive server buildings, and immeasurably more smaller cables connect those to Individual Computers an interconnected network that vint cerf and robert kahn named the internet. Its important to understand that the internet is not the World Wide Web. The web is a great invention. It is the way that data, web pages, services, and documents are arranged, accessed, and addressed. But all of that sits on top of the hardware that is the internet, which allows many, Many Networks to talk to each other in a really clever way. So, say you want to watch a cute video of a cat. Well, your request to see the video shoots out of your device. Along regional networks, and at some point races through telehouse north. And off across the globe to where the video is stored, and this is where it gets really clever. See, sending the whole video in one go, down one route, will likely mean that it will get stuck in traffic and take ages. So, the video is torn apart, broken up, split into little packets, and each one makes its own way back down different routes. And when they start arriving back at your device, theyre juggled into the right order. And once enough of the start of the video has arrived, there is your cat as cute as you want it. Aw this is how information spreads across the world. But unfortunately, its not always the right information. We have a tough problem ahead of us which is to try to help people distinguish good quality information from bad quality information. One of the big problems seems to be that these days we are all locked in our own echo chambers. The information we hear comes from people that weve chosen to listen to. So, as well as democratising information access, the internet seems to have isolated us from rational debate and made it really hard to distinguish facts from opinions, from fake news. London is the capital of one of the oldest democracies in the world, but it is a democracy which as you may be aware, is in crisis. Divided by a single issue struggling to move forward. Some argue that the Eu Referendum asked the wrong question. Some argue that the question was too simple for such a complex issue, and that is why we find ourselves where we are. But maybe there is another way to find consensus. Carl millers been looking at a new tool thats hoping to reboot democracy and find Common Ground even amongst the most polarised of views. And its being used in a most unexpected place. Thousands of miles away from brexit. Here i am in taiwan, a place that is sometimes known as technology island. It is famous for producing semi conductors, but now it is using technology to disrupt a completely different kind of industry, one we often dont link to computers. Democracy itself. The disruption began with the 2014 sunflower revolution when citizens stormed the legislative parliament after trade laws were brought in. Like brexit in britain, it split the country in half, not least because many thought it brought taiwan too close to china. But mostly because they felt their views, theirfears were ignored by those in power. Amongst the crowd was a new kind of protester, called civic hackers. As well as marches and banners, civic hackers use the power of computers and data. Theyve come up with new ways of making decisions, and astonishingly, got the government on side to ask them for help, so they could listen better to. One of the people in the crowd that night was civic hacker audrey tang. It was the night before they burst in, when they were just about to burst in, and i was there providing internet connectivity. Having recently returned from a high flying career in silicon valley, she turned from technologist to politician. Describing herself as a conservative anarchist, audrey became the youngest member of taiwans cabinet, and the worlds first transgender minister. She and her colleagues became the champion of a new transparent process of decision making. It was called v, or virtual taiwan, and its first big job was to get people talking. And its first big test was literally on the roads of taiwan itself. It all started at uber, just like the one that i am in now. The company moved in and was trying to get more of a share in taiwan, but like in so many other places around the world, it was disruptive. It was disrupting laws, and regulations, and no one knew what to do. Then, a new digital platform was used and a deadlock that existed was broken. Central to the v taiwan process was a platform called polis, which originated in seattle. When the question of uber arose three years ago, citizens and drivers and Industry Experts from across the divide were all invited to join that Single Online space and submit their views. Polis would then punch them up into clusters of similar attitudes. So, what is this amazing Digital Solution . Well, first it allowed you to see just what cluster you were in yourself. But then, and this is what made it so different from other digital platforms, rather than surfacing what divided each of the clusters, it gamified what they actually had in common instead. The game, here ,is to win consensus, not majorities. Polis works to unearth what almost every one has in common. Not just the 52 . So, i log onto polis, ijoin the debate, i can respond to the statements of others, and then eventually draft my own. But my statement has to win support from all sides of the argument, notjust my own. So, i have to rewrite it. But if i keep drafting the same entrenched message over, and over, i wont be heard. I might as well not be there. Its only when ive refined my message enough to reach across the whole debate that polis allows me to be heard. Meanwhile, the site sits there with all the statements as they are added and redrafted to work out Common Ground. And as the discussion changes, so do people. Like avatars, to reflect their new relative position within the debate. After a handful of weeks, the most central statements emerge. They might not look like anything that were set at its beginning. But now, because they are consensual, they can be turned into regulations and laws. It certainly settled the uber question three years ago. But now v taiwan is tackling a new problem e scooters on the roads. These are the things that disrupt democracy. They come out of nowhere and disrupt all the laws and regulations. They deserve all the rules and regulations that exist, and if they all adapted quickly enough itself, it quickly becomes more relevant. Whether e scooters should be around on public roads and walkways has been dragging on for about five years. Almost as long as its taken me to stand up straight on one. But these guys have no such problem. They are keen riders and they want change. Is this giving you a route to deal with this, how we do democracy in the normal ways which we do it . It makes things go easier. Because you use facebook every day. Mixing it is easier because you use facebook every day. Are you ready to listen to people that may be listening to people who are not thinking every legal should be made illegal and that is why youre here . I am back to audrey to ask why v taiwan is so successful. It is the people who know more about what to do when there is an emerging technology, when there is an emerging social issue. It shows the division and the consensus. It closes the division promotional, much more importantly, it shows that the consensus outweighs the division. And for now on, at least some element of it will be used for all future legislation too. But it will be interesting to see if it will ever be used for highly sensitive significant divisive issues. I am not convinced politicians are ready to give up this much powerjust yet. We still have a so called digital gap in our society which means some older people or some people in other places dont use Digital Tools very much. So that is why i think we still have some function to collect opinions from different groups. But the digitally savvy groups found that previously distant views had actually much in common with each other regarding both taxi safety and writing convenience. Uber was allowed to operate in taiwan under certain conditions while relaxing the laws on taxi so they could operate more like uber. As for e scooters, people express fears about safety and whether roads could cope, but all the diversion attitudes and oppositions boiled down to the two main groups. Through the platform, the next agreed step was to watch a site, which is being debated tonight so bill up before polis there would be people on poor opposites who would refuse to sit down. But what we switched to polis, it never happens again. Audrey sees these changes driven by agriculture vital for democracy. My question is whether what we have seen is really truly here to stay. The v stands for virtual, but it could also stand for vulnerable. But the spirit of collaborative governance is larger. But the spirit of collective. Its a gorgeous than any experience. I think it is enduring and indeed inevitable. If the democratic executions do not hold ourselves accountable to this new culture, then we risk being rendered irrelevant. The relativity of institutional democracy will go down for some, hello, and welcome to the week in tech. This week apple ceo tim cook became an adviser to a Top Business School in china, india announced it is conveyed to watch the worlds biggest facial recognition system and we saw what Artificial Human skin looks like on a phone. The creator of the skin case said he understood why people found his project a bit creepy. It was also the week that google claimed a mile stone in quantum supremacy. In a paper published, it said its quantum computer performed a calculation in three minutes and 20 seconds which it said would take over 10,000 years on a classical supercomputer. But not everyone agreed with the definition of supremacy including ibm who said they mislabeled their achievement. Facebook ceo at Mark Zuckerberg was questioned by sceptical us lawmakers by his attempt to, launch libra. Lawmakers said that it could be abused by crimson terrace. Criminals and terrorists. He said it would not be once without government approval. Amazon chief jeff bezos announced his Space Company blue origin would be working with a group of industryjoin us to build a Lunar Landing system capable of transporting humans to the moon. And here on earth, air taxis might be getting one step closer to reality. German start up william ruiz video of what it said was its first air taxi, its 36 rude electric prototype may be ready to take passengers as soon as 2025. You remember all those massive data halls filled of noisy computers . There are five fours of those above me and it will not be long before this becomes one too. And as the internet continues to expand, we wanted to hear from one of its creators about its future. 50 years on, vint cerf as a googles internet if angeles and he sat down with us to talk about the dangerous road that the internet has taken, how to fight back and what the future, vint cerf. My name. My name is vint cerf and i am chief internet evangelist at google but people know me as one of the co inventors of the internet. First of all, the good part, is the World Wide Web emerged there was this an enormous desire and the general population that had access to the internet to share information that they knew and the World Wide Web was a tremendous facilitating means by which this could be done. Then, in the 2000s, we start to see the arrival of social networking. But those platforms have been essentially subverted by some people who wake to use them as a way of injecting misinformation and disinformation in the system, for either put a coat or pecuniary or other nefarious, political. We have a tough problem ahead of us. Which is to help people distinguish good quality information from bad quality, we have a problem in front of us. People hope that this can be done algorithmically, i am noticing about that. Algorithmic detection of misinformation and disinformation is not so easy. The expectation that Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning and computer programmes will somehow solve all these problems is an expectation which cant be fulfilled. Some people will say the country should have rules and enforceable rules that suppress misinformation and disinformation. Just make all that bad stuff go away. At that particular practice has a very dark abusive side. It is called censorship which is intended to suppress access to information that the general public should have. There are regimes in the world that you can, if you have any information of the, which is critical the regime should be uncensored. I think the best tool we have with dealing with disinformation is called what is up here, and it is an exercise of what is called Critical Thinking where you ask questions like where did this information come from, doesnt have any corroborating references from other sources. All those things should be top of mind, and part of the Digital Literacy that we need to have as we use these online technologies that are so global in scope. I think, if we are trying to move towards the future of the internet, one thing thats for sure is that more and more of it will be accessible. The second thing that we know thats happening is the arrival of an avalanche of programmable devices that have the ability to become part of the internet. If we want to go a little further out into the future, one thing that we know we will see, i am sure you will see, is the expansion of the internet off the planet. Way back in 1998, we began asking ourselves what would happen if we had a network that is the size of the solar system that could support manned and robotic space expiration . So we now have a set of protocols that together create an interplanetary backbone network. Its an operation between earth, mars, and the International Space station. So you can anticipate that there will be an evolving interplanetary backbone over the next days to support robotic, manned and robotic exploration. This exhibition in london provides an insight into ai data trailing. Huge numbers of pictures like these are needed to create a artificially intelligent algorithms. From apple to anomaly, attempts to show visitors how some things are simple to categorise. For example, and apple is an apple, we all agree on that but some concepts are a lot harder to explain. And the algorithms we create have to deal with these abstract ideas. Even as a human, it can be quite tricky to do in five what an artist model or a creeper may look like or in fact many of the concepts up here but people are having to create these categories and then teach what they believe to be the right answers to the machine. A train set is a database that is organised into concepts and each of those concepts have pictures associated with them. But as you go further through the installation, the concept gets more abstract. We move through apple picker, and other things having to do with apples but towards the end we come to the concept of an anomaly. It is very abstract and yet abstract concepts like this are still built into technical systems. If you have a concept like a bad person for example, that indicates a certain worldview. The whole point of this is that we may think that al is all about technology, algorithms and statistics. But actually it has human bias at the heart of it. Take the search term obama for instance. Obama is a figure in many different categories. It is almost like where is waldo. Is been labelled as a good person, a greedy person. And a leader, a loser. What you find, and i think the example of obama speaks to is that you have a kind of underlying bedrock of sludge and contradictions and absurdities quite often that al systems are built on. Creating this display of approximately 30,000 images was a hefty process. To make this installation, i pretty much sat down and go to at about 14 million images that were organised into the tens of thousands of categories. The database that this is drawing from was made by researchers who went and scraped the internet and collected tens of millions of pictures. They put those images together and then hired online workers on the amazon platform to sort those pictures into many thousands of categories. All of this just leaves me feeling that there is a so many different ways of seeing the same thing. Is a person you add some textual and can. And as a person, you and contextual. But can we train and machine to do the same . That was laura appreciated the beauty of data. Now, if you would like to see lara onstage at click life, this is your reminder you have less than a week two of, to register. Shes appearing on stage. But if you can be in dundee on november the 19th, we would love to see you there. The website you need is. That is it for now though. Thanks for watching and we will see you, for watching. Hello, once again. There is a significant change in weather type for the british isles. It cannot come too soon. Said one nz across england and wales i know when to when you see just much rain has fallen in parts of paris and also parts of derbyshire and also through the midlands as well. And the reason for the changes that we are pushing away the weather front at last from england and wales. Keeping low pressure close by. A lot of isobars so pressure close by. A lot of isobars so it still stays windy. The effect of that front moving away to the southis of that front moving away to the south is taking away the milder and we are all in a much fresher feed in regime as we start the need to be on sunday. Could be a touch of frost on some locations. The skies were clear and the winds will be light overnight but it converts into a gloriously sunny day. There is plenty of wind and some pretty punchy showers across the north of scotland. One or two in Northern Ireland of england. Forget about the 18 and 19 in kent. Top on the day 13 01 so. 18 and 19 in kent. Top on the day 13 or so. Next week not a great feel changes. We stay drier and sunnier but noticeably coded both by day and by night. Here is the pattern to ta ke by night. Here is the pattern to take you out on sunday and into monday. Very much that High Pressure thatis monday. Very much that High Pressure that is dominating the scene. A little veg of High Pressure keeping it fine and settled. A frosty start, mark you. Not so much and away winds except for the north and north east of scotland. One or two spots in the eastern shores. Fearing the keenness of that northerly wind. A difference there in the far south west. And of cloud for the odd shower a burst of rain. These are the highs on the day. Six or seven to around 11 or 12 at the very best. Not a feel of difference as we move from monday into tuesday. Isa by squeezing up down the south west quarter so the wind is a keen one at that coming in from the east and the south east. Just a chance of rain again into the far south west. May be a shower or two. The onshore breeze here from the north sea. Again it is dry but not warm. Seven, eight, nine to about 11 or 12 at the very best. As far ahead as the middle part of the week not a great feel changes from many of us though this set of fronts may cause a change for the second half of the week. For the most part. We will keep you posted. This is bbc news. Im duncan golestani. Officials in california are warning that historically strong winds expected this weekend are likely to fan the destructive wildfires that have taken hold. A state of emergency has already been declared in los angeles and sonoma counties. Chris buckler reports. In several parts of california, families have been forced to flee as wildfires have learned through thousands of acres of dry land and into residential areas
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