Transcripts For ALJAZ Division 20240713

These demonstrations on the one hand tens of thousands of people again marching peacefully to. The main convergence point in midtown santiago while on the periphery of all that there are smaller but very violent groups many of them armed with incendiary devices throwing stones at riot police but also looting destroying public and private property on this occasion the most significant incident was the setting of the setting fire of a more than 100 year old mansion that houses the university of the firemen took a long time to get there to try to put it out because of the barricades that been set up a lot of those Peaceful Protesters tried to help them do so but it was too late for it to stop the whole building from being destroyed by the blaze that all this is happening less than 48 hours after president. Announced a long list of what he called measures to stop the violence from continuing with a defined fist in the air brazils former president has walked out of prison after 19 months supporters surrounded the city of a judge ordered his release after brazils top court ruled too bad to treat just convicted criminals last the 1st appeal the resurgence to moving 12 years in jail ahead of last years president ial election risible as more from sao paulo. Former president left the prison where hes been out for the past year and a half in the state of t. V. There were hundreds of his followers waiting for him outside carrying banners proclaiming his innocence spoke very he told his followers that bay were the voice of democracy he also said that his imprisonment was meant not to in jail a man but an idea an idea of equality that is much needed in brazil today a lot. Also said that hes ready for a fight and even though he wouldnt be allowed to run for office because of a clean slate a law that bans officials who have been convicted for corruption among other things from being part of any type of political race and thats why hes asking for the annual ments of the cases against him was imprisoned last year accused of receiving bryant from an Engineering Companies in exchange of public works contracts he has always proclaimed that hes innocent the man that put him behind bars is a very controversial charge here is the judge said is your model who is currently the minister of justice in brazil he has been accused of lacking impartiality during his trial some recordings were released where he was heard in a way helping prosecutor put a gate case against. What happened in brazil he would have the feel of a release has polarized Brazilian Society even more protestors in iraq continuing their campaign against the government demanding an overhaul of the political System Security forces of fired tear gas and used stun grenades on demonstrators in baghdad more than 280. 00 people have been killed since demonstrations began last month the vigil for a student killed in hong kong protesters turned Violent Police used tear gas to try to break up crowds of demonstrators the death of charts the lock on friday is expected to fuel more anger a former twitter employee accused of spying for saudi arabia in the United States has been granted bail. Out another employee of the edge of the access the personal account information of more than 6000. 00 twitter users that include prominent critics of the saudi royal family those are the headlines and news continues here on aljazeera after the callous. Kolo. The caliph. A form of rule in a slam. That lasted for almost 13 centuries. From the death of the Prophet Muhammad. To the overthrow of the last ottoman caliph in 1924. The arabic 10 to 28th 25 which actually in essence simply means a successor or a deputy. The ruler of the islamic world would call himself confederacy would in no successor galts most of. The centuries. The title of scholar is a term that has been used. In the time use. In june 2004 to. A militant Group Calling itself the islam ecstacy and iraq in the divine or i so. Declared the establishment of a caliphate. They call rejected by most muslims around the world. Meisel took root and expanded in iraq and syria. 2 countries flung into violence by the political turmoil and foreign intervention of recent years. The turmoil revived sectarian differences that go back over 10 centuries between song and she almost. Did the little bit at the end is us yes look at the political. Deep in the sun i just miss not talking for all to sunday all took is a certain element of that the other im living as a human you know. This is the story of the great split within islam. Of how the split a rose from a dispute of who should succeed the prophet. This is the story of the common. The mosque. Outside mecca and saudi arabia. It was here in the year 622 that a delegation from the town of medina made by on a pledge of support and shelter to the Prophet Muhammad. Shortly after he left mecca. And mcgrady to medina with a group of followers. Over the next 10 years muhammad built the 1st Islamic State. But in june 6th 32. The prophet died and his capital medina. Leaving the young state without a leader. As a tradition says that the muslims on that day were like sheep on a rainy night they were frightened and huddling together and its not clear whether or not the prophet had made any plans for his succession. Within hours of the prophets death senior figures in the most and Community Came to. Other to choose a successor to the prophet a caliph. The debate was long and intense. It was the emigrants from mecca was afraid. He was chosen to be the 1st caliph in islam. And it was so with that i will leave him alone but about the last one was so with deni. That a belly and with no well home. Min the value to him and how there was. But though they were from his tribe. The immigrants were from the prophets close family the hashemites. The descendants of muhammads great grandfather passion. At that time in our society the family was understood as a much larger unit collateral lines uncles brothers cousins and so long all considered to be part of the clan. Senior among the harsher minds. Muhammads cousin husband of his one surviving dont fall to mother and father of the prophets only living grandson. And then hussein. But when the decision to choose the caliph was taken. Was busy elsewhere. At the time of the prophets death we know that he was ali who was in charge of the payroll arrangements. As a jew to full respectful son and all cousin with caring for the prophets body. The next day in the medina mosque i will walk was given by on the oath of allegiance by the majority of the muslim community. Ali however was not one of them. What happened that day which saw the seeds of a political divide that would gradually evolve. Into a deep religious schism. The division of a slam. Into sunni and shia. If you ask a sunni or shia muslim about that moment of mohammeds death and the decision about the leadership you will get 2 very different aunts as the sunnies suggest that he hadnt actually made any clear plans for his succession eyes death the shia would say that he had and that he was to be succeeded by his 1st cousin and son in law ali. 3 months before his death. The Prophet Muhammad made a famous speech here and he had the home. An ancient resting place on the route from mecca to medina. A speech that has been interpreted ever since in 2 very different ways. All people of forms whoever ive been mustered. Island he has to be his mouth to. Be supportive of whoever supports him. And then enemy of whoever opposes him. And they felt that through time. This is moment where if your sunni you believe the prophet. Gave ali the leadership of his family if. You believe he gave the leadership of the family but also the whole community. The prophet speech is celebrated by sharon to this day and. Each year a feast is held on the anniversary. To commemorate what she see as muhammad appointing ali to be his successor. But the mainstream majority the sunnis have no such friess. And no doubts about the legitimacy of a buck and the caliphs who succeeded him. Shortly after becoming caliph. I will buck faced his 1st major challenge a tribal revolt against the Islamic State. In this moment of peril. Chose unity over division and gave the oath of allegiance to the kind of. Eman. Back that caffeine limited that in more i e n a says shell im ok send it in. For the miss anna. That she handed him a slot in muslimeen. The hoofy and he said the sun harbor will walk a fee was she had a kettle and a kind of slam and the hole. At the bottom. Of a box room lost to just 2 years. As he lay dying he nominated almost as a successor. 10 years later and 644. Almost the 2nd caliph. Was assassinated. While leading dont prayers in medina. On his deathbed he dictated how successor should be chosen. 6 of the closest companions of the prophet including ali would come 1st together and choose one amongst. The 4 days of deliberation last month was named the 3rd caliph. Once again ali had not been chosen. Passed over by abu bakar. And then for him the man when hes part of the in favor of. The new caliph came from a family of the christ tribe called the ohmy utes. The founder of always coveted the leadership of christ. Standing in his way was his uncle hashem the patriarch of the hashemite. This rivalry that put fester through the centuries. How thats roots in mecca decades earlier. In the pagan years before the birth of the slack. Until the you were. In the year 610. In this cave outside mecca muhammad received the 1st revelation verses of the koran which set him on the path of prophecy. The emergence of a prophet among the hashemites antagonized the oh my its. And their leader abu sufyan. And. Another now been as a bin man. And them a lot of guy with a muzzle on us and i want to know both of them and i know that. For 12 years the maids led a campaign of persecution against muhammad and his followers in mecca. Persecution which culminated in their emigration to medina and 622. 00. But when the prophet returned to conquer america. And realized resistance was futile and joined slammed. By 644. The rising Islamic State had expanded into a vast empire. And the caliphate that come into the hands of an almighty. Off months. With man was a genius but he employed far too many of his young cousins to me odds where they are stick rat of mecca and theyd been great leaders the pagan resistance and soap or making these characters who were his lovely cousins was also you know a bad political position. A rebellion erupted against off mans alleged nepotism. In 656. And after 12 years as kind of. He was killed and his house in medina. By the un has. A sufficient lead what was at an inn and the nest a half of that in a how when and. How when and when i can buy that that it was had and i lost the Hutton Islamiya the wyly and yes that she. Was yahoo. And saddam. Almost a quarter of a century after the death of the prophet. Ali finally became the 4th caliph. Who are bashed every. Day when i let the n. R. A. You know me about it with my name in a fan. Within my been abusive. A sham. Many of us moms relatives were hostile its all his leadership im always demanded that all the 100 of the killers. The dispute quickly escalate. To strengthen his position ali move the capital from medina to his own power base in confront iran. The Islamic State was now divided into. East under hushing my calif and the west under an oh my you gov. Mischa. You should benefit in which. She out here on the. Shia. It was always it will net you know enough and i can limit it she. Knew she did it and look meant that and more how did and when them econet had. His it forwarded what is it. In 657. Ali marched his army into syria to crush us mutiny. After days of bloody skirmishes and on the last day of the bottom. The army of malia was on the 1st shock defeat. In my mind and im also the thing about malia. Malia well that often. d you know. That it can. Kind of ingestion of i dont. Know who was. Kind of thoughts in another to have got to look out of water when the who had the well i can hold a company that well that it can color that its. Little enough. To know who. Covered the months achin night at the home a month at the time they have got to the mother then the cut you know. These dissidents from alis army how it is fixed on the roof this way to bring an end to the struggle. The moment it was chosen fresh dawn prayers of the 27th of january 6th 61. The 17th day of the holy month of ramadan. 3 assassins made their way to 3 different places to fight for. Damascus for malia and for style to egypt from. All over the last saw this in the office with the wall of the surf and saw the familiar to be a force that could deal with saudi especially the one on one edge. The. Not just in iraq. A holy place to she almost since. They believe fallujah is buried here. For them he is more than a colorful. He has an immense. Imbued with religious authority that could be passed on only through his bloodline. So when i least the caliphate passed to his older son. But he would not be long in the post. Cameras. To 15 hour the care and no less cool in iraq a joy theres a lot while we have a lot. With the highlight and yet and theres a little has an even highly and he would be laughing well karma has a and i do with a bad one yet the. Human. Form. The muskets. 13 centuries ago the my youth capital. Though the caliphate remained in the great stride. It had passed from the hashemites to all my us. And there it would remain for the coming century. The crunch point really comes late in not always rain when he designated his son. As his successor and this was a real touch point for generating controversy and opposition. Succession. On the death of ma we are in 68. Triggered the series of events that resonate to this day. In a defiant show of opposition for saying younger son of ali refused to pledge allegiance to his ear and set off towards mecca on pilgrimage. On the way. He began to receive messages asking him to come to iraq. Where his supporters plan to install a scholar. He gathered together his family and decided to move to confront his fathers former capital. Unfortunately for sane his plan got to the a myatt governor of iraq and he was able to block his route to the city of kuta and so hussein was trapped without substantial military support at a place called cavalia. And it was at karbala in october 618. 00 that hussien and his small band of supporters met their bloody fate. In makati and dont let in middle of folly when the. Turn at the mill hammer to a. Yanni imad all well hard to hit at the. Bottom of the sword in the measure i see that. He and his entourage many of his family were massacred and his head was sent to his aid in damascus. Each year on the anniversary of the battle of karbala. Around the world mark the event public displays of penitence. Extending sometimes even to ritual self punishment. To atone for their forebears failure to support the law saying. Its really seen as the great tragedy of his law from the she respective this is the vic the great disaster is that the prophets family didnt get to take kayla fate into leeds muslims. But 70 years after karbala. The revolt would finally succeed in bringing the caliphate back to the family of the prophet. The hotshots. Of the current efforts to contain the spread of Nuclear Weapons doing enough to keep the world safe the most crucial political challenge is how to stop Nuclear Explosions from happening on this planet again because like you to secretary of the comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization is seen as their boat took style jazeera. A story of blackmail. Scarcity. Has killed i have strangled i have a story of current a lot and the fear is real. Passion. And a very serious just. These are the top stories on aljazeera protests in chile capital of taken another dangerous turn in the past few hours. Police have fired tear gas and water cannon the demonstrators in santiago who have responded by throwing rocks the protests started because of an increase in metro train fares but it spiraled into anger against the governments economic policies more than 20 people have been killed nearly 2000 injured in the past month brazils former president has walked out of prison in corbett or after 19 months a judge ordered luva decision was released after brazils top court ruled to end mandatory jail time for convicted criminals who have lost their 1st appeal who was sentenced to more than 12 years in jail ahead of last years president ial election. Now. You have no idea of the significance for me to be here with you i know my whole life talk with the brazilian people never thought that today i could be here talking with men and women who during the past 580 days were here saying good morning lula good afternoon lula and yelling good night lula no matter if it were raining if it were 40 degrees or 0 degrees protesters in iraq are continuing their campaign against the government demanding an overhaul of the political System Security forces of fired tear gas and used to stun grenades on demonstrators in baghdad more than 290. 00 people have been killed since demonstrations began last month. Indias top court is expected to rule on the ownership of a controversy a plot of land considered the holy by hindus and muslims thousands of troops have been deployed in the northern town of biogen while security is being tightened across the country. Opposition leader says hell be back in cambodia on saturday sam rainsy posted on social media that hes boarded a flight from france but didnt specify where hes landing hes vowed to lay demonstrations against cambodian Prime Minister who sent a former twitter employee accused of spying for saudi arabia in the United States has been granted but ill. Go and another employee allegedly access the personal account information of more than 6000. 00 twitter users that include prominent critics of the saudi royal family those are the headlines the news continues here on out to 0 after the calf. Southern jordan. In the 8th century it was a settlement of one of the 2 major branches of the hashemites. The prophets own family of the christ troy. Known as the us its these were descendants of. One of muhammad uncles the other branch where the islets descended from. The prophets cousin and son in law. In 716. 1 of the eyelets arrived in and how my name and with a strange story. Had been at the toilet. I live only silliman and have been many of them are who had. Well she i would if he ill medina you know what i shall be modeled in the home and some in the castle a man. Up the luddite and my mom. But in his final hours he confessed to his our basset cousin muhammad that he was the head of a plot to topple. Us not a do. Is be a living im a little luck of the and the only min and me in the living man to someone that even to be thought of in a. Home a limb you really know me and then im going to. Walk in the muslim realise im gonna drive in our own free b. Day live we have. The mohammed. Over the next 30 years this message persuaded many islet shias to join the opposite cause. In 746. The secret movement turned into full blown revolution in the eastern part of the islamic empire and what is today the shia state of iran. Its very very hard to say whether the abbasids used the attic. They certainly wanted to accrue as wide a support base as they possibly could and they were sent and he wanted those he supported and cayle if to join them means meant. Within 3 years the opposites had captured coup for the colorful capital of ali. It was in this mosque that the name and identity of the caliph in waiting were finally revealed. They proclaimed a man a scale if called abu allah sufiah and he was a descendant of one of the prophet mohammeds uncles and he based his claim to the caliphate on that kinship with the prophet mohammed. And 750. Bastards entered damascus the capital of the mighty or might states. The largest empire yet no. But in the years to come they would struggle to maintain the unity of the vast state they now controlled. By the mid century the busses had seized control of the caliphate but did little for their cousins. A sense of betrayal to coal and fermented among the islands. In a bold and dangerous move they declare the rival caliphate in medina. And i busted army was rushed to the city. Its roof to sleep crush the rebellion. In the midst of the but who ordered it up but she knew of it and. Of the moment they let the server. And then they had let the corn in a little murky libby. As she been at low enough she. The so now bus its consolidated their dominance of the center of the state from their newly built capital but that. But they had failed to exert the same control over the provinces of the far west. In 756 and 0 made fugitive prince called abdul rahman reached under lucio. Only 6 years after the collapse of his grandfathers caliphate. He succeeded in reviving then a state with coat of as its capital. And them up doesnt that will sons of the well you want to be understood by the whole to think if it if you must come up obviously done you know a number. One and i bet you know. What it was on the other hand the a lot of the club doesnt fit out of that. Well with buffett and that was. The old maid and the written under the c. E. O. Was the 1st to break from the caliphate. But it would not be the last. Of the. Soon another states at the western edge of the muslim world and the mass of it would break away from the a bus its. And this time. It would be their own cousins the islets. But at the canal of the sort i dont know you can you come in. And when its it must look in the event i dont because they dont have a tough a tough guy took. A lesson on how do you say no and the whole you. Had. In 788 you did east and alex fugitive arrived here in the moroccan city of my will a decent room. A city that now carries his name. Recognizing him as a descendant of the prophet. Local burma tribes were quick to offer him their oath of allegiance as ruler of the region. And so was born the at the recent emirates the 1st independent state. That is how. Youll get until he. Sold out of necessity of cuba for most of what there would be for said if. I did and then i did what the rules there would up i dont feel. That he let me have the money. But with a new and expanding state just 3 years old. He was laid to rest here in the city that still bears his name. Legibly been poisoned on the orders of harun alrashid. The most famous soviet bus caliphs. The statue of shah e r and shot i said in back that. The 2 main characters of a 1001 nights. Legendary stories inspired by the opulence of harun alrashid scored. The golden age of the a bus in calif it. But that a spot but you know to do nia then who had he met you know. That that. With a few. 100 sea island the bad island weather that excitement. Under the. Scholars began the great task of transcribing in translating the cultural and scientific works of former civilizations. Encouraged and supported by the ambassador calif so. Muslims began adding their own scholarship to the stock of human knowledge. Laying the groundwork for europes run of songs and centuries to come. In siena or the west gnosis and the center had written not only philosophical texts but also a very important treatise and medicine was translate into latin became the standard textbook for european medical schools for centuries. But the golden age of the a bus its was destined to be short lived. In a 36 the 8th a bus a kind of. Moved his capital here to some era in iraq. It was also to be a military base for the caliphs new army. An army of target mercenaries. Toughened by life on the steps of central asia. An army. That would soon erode the power of the caliphs. But that im certain i will be yet died she and she and i mustnt and it all more if we dont and i better see how you like that Martha Sim Milat that iraq was wow home. And new when at 80. 847 here and some era turkic Army Commanders installed and moto a kill as the 10th of a bassett calif. Group. Youre. And for a century to come. They would effectively route the caliphate. Appointing deposing. Cheering and even killing a string of 12 caliphs who are little more than puppets. Yanni. Its me was sherry at the county. Of us but you know whats even worse what. The caliphate really had become a symbol and we had no effective power anymore and in the muslim world we had a multitude of different political regimes in the various reaching from the us today spain to this up asian continent often this period is seen as a period of decline because of these political divisions. But it wasnt just a matter of the slow fracturing of the state. As its western edge and new threat was on the rise. Match day yet. This small town on the to newseum coast would soon emerge as the seat of a rival caliphate. And this new caliph would not be sunny. But shia. Iran heartland of shia islam in the modern world. Today she make up around 15 percent of the global Muslim Population of more than one and a half 1000000. In their belief it is the title of eman and not calif that confers the right to rule. The vast majority of shia in the world are known as 12 years. They follow a hear read a terry line of 12 a mans descended from the prophets cousin and his wife fatimah the prophets daughter. A line ending with the last eman al maddie. The 12 or she belief holes that are maddy disappeared in some era and 874. He will reemerge at the end of the world as the ultimate savior of mankind. And you know she has been in the mimic them a human being has shia. Militia it was here the clue to look. Here with if he should live that a shrewd maneuver that he for people whom. Were bitterly fought in her d. In. For the better will she be well a ship liberty. But this holy commandment was no protection against the deep divide than she belief. Of cause im a a mosque back that. The shrine of the man who marks the division of she has him into 2 strands. It is the tomb of the 7th of the 12 years in ams. Cause im. Who died here in the year 71009. Of those however dispute his status. They consider the real 70 man to be his brother is my. They came to be known as a smiley. The 2 over. Which additionally. Not interested or did not strive to take political power because they believed that they were waiting for the return of the man the so that at that point the righteous regime would be consoled and anything in between would basically you have risen to rule and in this land. But for the ismaili shia. There was to be no waiting for the return of the man. By the late 9th century. There preaching the taken root among the berber tribes in north africa. A new movement was on the rise. With this roots firmly in the shia tradition. Ill add. Up and after that. I have. All ive been a couldnt sleep and the thought of off. Yet again for s. S. How dekha vet what. But. How what. You know. In the year 900 the 9 in cairo on tunisia. By the law a man claimed to be a descendent of this my was declared the caliph of the 1st ever shiite caliphate. It would be known as the phantom and after the fall to my daughter of the Prophet Muhammad. An ancestor of all the men. The concept of the ismaili caliphate is completely different from the opposite kind of thing because of the claim to divine inspiration and divine guidance which the thought put forward they certainly developed institution which was the right at least completely different from the us that. The fatah meds now began to expand their state westwards into the market. But this would lead to a clash with another major muslim power. And soon the islamic world would find itself in a surreal position. Yeah. By 912 they were made emirates in under sia was over a century and a half old. Ruled from cordoba by the 8th m. E. U. Obdurate among the thirds. After crossing all rebellions. And uniting under the sea and he looked towards expanding southwards across the mediterranean. Yes starvation and of the fighting the caliphate what is no. One to us call the fear of the men big threat for the my yes terms of the political control all the better but it is that excess that india. To strengthen his position. In 929. The raman declared the under the sea an emirate an independent almighty caliphate. 3 centuries on from the founding of the title the islamic world was now divided between 3 colors to sony and one. The ultimate result of that really was a decline in the value put on the notion of the caliphate itself so it leads to rifts politically speaking within the community as well as the religious differences that these different caliphate signal. In but that the suffering of the abbas of caliphs continued under Turkish Military domination. But by the mid 10th century a new force had emerged. The boy or. A persian then a city. Put an end to turkish control of a colorful. Bengal boy while home shia. Live a normal. Manner look at the american on a well known lovable and of the ill have the sunni when im out in the been done now because the real. Were still was to come for the our bassetts. And 969. 00 a phantom it on me captured egypt. 3 years later the forefront the macallan and moyes abandoned his capital. In tunisia and headed east. For the next 2 centuries the newly built city of cairo which served as the seat of the shah kind of. The fatah its considered back caliphate universal so ideally they wanted to expand that palace from their original base in north africa back into each it on into syria and ultimately to encompass the whole islamic well they werent able to achieve that and were instead happened in the 10th century was the islamic world became divided between a number of different caliphates. Meanwhile in the west. A storm was gathering. Christians uniting under the banner of the cross. Were looking eastward to conquer the holy lands. The approaching struggle could not have come at a worse time for a divided muslim world. And for the caliphs were at their weakest point as they turned to face the crusades. A story 1400 years in the making. A story of succession and leadership. A jazzy a tells the story of what the client of the innocent and the end of an empire. The kind of episode 3. Hello another streak of cold weather is on its way through itll take a couple of days 1st of all we remove this front thats pushing most of the warm air out of the way its become a weak and rugged thing some of this is cloud some of it is what the satellite is picking up his low temperatures already on the ground particularly in canada so the day maxima minus 3 winnipeg plus 4 minneapolis this is a warm of them was the case on friday but the streak of snow indicates yet another in. Insertion of cold air if you like doesnt reach further west the high ground in talk about montana and washington and were up in the teens but the clouds misty so the cold is confined to the Northern Plains states and the midwest it dips down and goes out again but it is trying to make further subtly progress during sunday going to start up toward 22. 00 again and the up is down to rather cold plus well these are day high temperatures in the caribbean showers are becoming fewer further between weve had this concentration of rain to the west in mexico honduras nicaragua etc follow suit is not particularly heavy floods dont seem particularly likely but the fairly you get is a big thunderstorm over now again and repeated the next day and flash floods are a possibility. When an ethiopian mother put her daughter up for adoption she knew little of what was to come. With family boneset it a traumatized child tone between 2 world struggles to return home in a profoundly human story exposing deep flaws in denmarks adoption system. Girl in return a witness documentary on aljazeera. This is aljazeera. This is the news hour live from daughter coming up in the next 60 minutes i was. A wave of anger on the streets of chile a day after the president announced tougher measures against violence was. Brazils former president Lula Da Silva is freed from jail after a Supreme Court ruling. Iraq