Under the states control or starve the dire conditions are believed to be the reason why many have left despite human Rights Groups saying some of those who have gone are being detained and ill treated. We have been able to document the detention of at least 37. 00 men who left to government controlled areas these people were arrested and taken to intelligence branches in damascus and holmes also they are forcing men to join the army in a month or 2 it was agreed that they would be given 6 months. Many syrians and want safe passage to opposition controlled areas in the north and if they cant get it they want regular food and medical aid the u. N. Says it cannot make any promises as it is an observer in the repatriation process and doesnt have an restricted access to return knees so many who are staying say they have to as they are left with no choice so whether beirut one of the Worlds Largest retailer says it will stop selling for handguns and military style weapons across the United States its in response to a series of Mass Shootings walmarts which is a major arms seller in the u. S. Has been under pressure to change its policies company says it will also ask customers not to bring weapons into what stores and socalled open carry states where its legal to do so has more from washington. But moved by walmart is very significant indeed in the past its been the countrys largest weapon seller and certainly it is regarded as a conservative corporation with very much a conservative clear. Whats important to note as well is that this is not a knee jerk reaction those attacks in walmart but walmart branches took place over a month ago said clearly that the company has been considering this for a period of time the chief executive officer is also writing a letter to congress urging stricter gun control legislation now that is still up in the year Senate Majority leader Mitch Mcconnell says he would be willing to introduce new legislation once he knows what president once he says that he does not want to introduce legislation that will then get vetoed by the president well President Trump a month ago was talking about stronger background checks but in the wake of the recent shootings hes now reverting to conversation about Mental Illness being responsible which is essentially one of the claims made by the pro weapon in our a so the legislation may or may not arrive but weve heard from the Senate Majority leader it wont get to the senate floor unless the President Trump approves whatever that legislation is the venezuelan president Nicolas Maduro has escalated tensions with neighboring colombia ordering a military exercise on the countrys shared border madura says colombia is trying to start a war and is harboring militants more than a 1000 military defectors flights into london made an ongoing struggle between the president and the leader of the opposition one hi joe. A group of haitian politicians have ransacked part of parliament to prevent the ratification of the newly appointed Prime Minister theyre angry about a worsening fuel shortage and rising corruption under the government of president. Opposition supporters burn tires in the streets demanding the resignation of the president s. Germanys foreign minister is done in an effort to Bring International legitimacy to its newly formed governments berlin is offering help with sudans economy and reaching peace with armed groups met with the Prime Minister and the head of the new 3 year Transitional Government both were sworn in 2 weeks ago. South africas president has condemned the recent attacks on foreign businesses at least a 100 people have been arrested in johannesburg since violence broke out on sunday to. Denounce the violence calling it totally unacceptable saying the country will not tolerate. Phobia. Has more from john his words. Police in south africa try again to stop writing and looting in some poor neighborhoods in and around johannas bank is been like this since sunday some of the businesses and shops are vandalized belong to foreign nationals this is not the 1st time Mohamed Atta Hussein has been through this he says his other still in another part of the city was looted last if you Say Something like this. How can his dragon. Make something for my kidneys from a chicken dance on my finances day because im from sort of like not for a crime or whatever. Only for. Some time africans believe criminal gangs are responsible for the violence mario says he got a phone call aly in the morning that his business was being looted but it was too dangerous for him to move now that its relatively quiet hes come back to assess the damage are still falling people still looting as are all of you with the Police Presence and all that to say that its not about. A 14 foot in the shop on the side if a citizen blois said if you see people that worked for me in the shop and they told me its just to be a Community Effect if they dont give me another running at the last of im without words i dont know what else to say. Some say the countrys high Unemployment Rate now nearly a 30 percent white space poverty and inequality are to blame for the violence. In 2008 at least 60 people were killed and more than 50000 forced from their homes when many Foreign African nationals were targeted 4 years ago at least 7 people were killed some of the africans feel they are competing with outsiders for scarce stops. Human Rights Groups say anti immigrant comments made by some politicians are making things worse they said xenophobic sentiment underlying this about foreign us everything to leave we are a democracy we are a Democratic Society we cannot allow people to take the law into their own ends and there is no country that doesnt have for a measure now the president has condemned the attacks as in a phobic and an acceptable more than 100 people have been arrested for public violence us and but in some areas the police seem overwhelmed making it easy for some people to stay in the street how to toss aljazeera china. At least 5 Chinese Tourists died in a bus crash near a popular new zealand town the bus carrying 27 passengers rolled while going around a corner just north of road police have closed the road and theyre investigating the cause of the cross. Brazils army has joined forces with firefighters to battle blazes still raging in the amazon tens of thousands of soldiers have been deployed military will also investigate anyone who breaches a temporary fire ban almost 40000 fires burned across the rain forest in august thats the highest number since 22. 00 on the fars of drawing worldwide criticism of brazils Environmental Policies brazils president is refusing to give additional land to indigenous tribes so youre both scenarios government could also Council Approvals that have already been given all this comes as some indigenous areas have been wiped out by the wildfires raging in the amazon rain forest or latin america editor of the sea of newman has more from the rather in the brazilian state of mato grosso. Did you notice what a neat guy you know what elders chant to chase away their anguish. And their explains theyve just been attacked by gunmen trying to force them off with a claim as their rightful land given a shared void came all came here ben my shut down on friday for the 3rd time in broad daylight and just now to return them to everything almost hit my baby in the head they will shoot us no were in brazil our land rights war dispute. With the countrys largest Indigenous Group lives in squalor. A century ago theyre going to need were forced into 8 reserves and their land distributed by the government to outside farmers. Today the reserves are hopelessly overcrowded and so hundreds of families have left and set up camps on what they consider their ancestral land is one are screaming at the security guards that are directly in front of the whole door before the landowners are controlling the land of the roads over there which they say belongs to them. They occupied this land about 2 weeks ago and since then theyve been having one confrontation after the other in fact they say that about an hour ago the security guards fired on them so now the good little move on this young lad anyone who had clearly been drinking was beaten when he confronted the guards alcoholism and suicide are alarmingly high explains flavio bunch of the missionary council for indigenous people. Or the last 18 years has been ones who side a week 70 percent of the young man of marrying age confines away to support a family they are marginalised and called find a work outside so they hang themselves. But many like 80 year old than me or not divine yeah believe the answer is to fight for their rights she lives by the highway facing the land that was once her home when generations of her family a buried her husband 2 children and a grandchild were killed by trucks speeding down the highway. I tell my family lets all group together and recover our land if were going to die its better to die fighting where our ancestors are and not on this highway for 20 years the land that she and thousands of other families claim has been under consideration for demarcation but now brazils president says all outstanding requests for Indigenous Lands are cancelled. This is the latest serious blow to the original settlers of this vast nation whose culture and very survival are increasingly at risk you see in human i just see that brazil. Have again the top stories on aljazeera the british Prime Minister Boris Johnson is threatening to call a snap election if m. P. s go against him on wednesday all of that is voting on a law which were blocked and no deal broke said on october 31st on delay britains in new divorce state by 3 months or more from the. Everybody is dissecting. How it came to be that a full 21 can say out of them please could focus against their own governments and they also seems to be that they were so absolutely disgusted by the threats that that the bullying tactics from downing street say to them if you vote against the governments in this bill then youre out of the conservative party you cant stand in the election he will be selected and after they voted against the government last night they were phoned up one rory stewart you speak of the minister said he got it by text you know you know he selected and so this is absolutely hardline tactic from downing street to say youre either with us or youre dead iran says it will release 7 crew members who were detained when a british flag the oil tanker was seize in the strait of hormuz in july meanwhile irans Deputy Foreign minister says the country would return to the Nuclear Deal Commitments but only if it receives 15000000000. 00 for all cells the deal was proposed by france in a bid to salvage the accord Hurricane Dorian is moving towards the southeast United States after hitting the bahamas as a category 5 at least 7 people died there more than a 1000000 people in the u. S. Have been ordered to evacuate to safety. At the 5 individuals that were transported to new programs 2 has already said. That it take their number of deaths to 7 and again i want to assure. And in. That. Expect there to be recorded one of the Worlds Largest retailer says it will stop selling our munition military style weapons across the u. S. Walmart had been under pressure to change his policies after a series of Mass Shootings those are the latest headlines on aljazeera inside story is coming up next. The u. K. Is reportedly considering using drones in the gulf region the area has already seen multiple drone attacks in recent weeks so how will these Unmanned Aircraft shape future conflicts and ah the legal this is inside story. Though and welcome to the Program Fully back to the use of drones or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles has changed the way militaries around the world conducts the operations the United States and others have said they prefer them to sending in jets or using other weapons now with the crisis in the gulf the u. K. Is reportedly considering using drones in the region they would help with surveillance as british warships escort oil tankers some of the strait of hormuz which began after iran sees a British Black tanker last month we have a lot to get into with our guests in just a moment but 1st alex got top has more on why many. Armed drones were initially designed for surveillance but within a few years theyve gone from being an experimental Assassination Program to an integrated part of the worlds militaries able to survey wide areas they could be guided by pilot sitting half way around the planet over a potential target and destroying it if needed. Drones have been used in all the recent conflicts and ive seen action in the skies above pakistan somalia yemen and libya once the preserve of the United States they used by countries such as israel russia and china and china now operates a factory in the middle east making cheap hunter killer drones but with the ability to kill without interrogation or trial all Legal Process who can police this form of conflict and how because now there is no trial no interrogation and no extraction of information from a suspect only death people can be killed millions suspicion of being members of organizations designated as the enemy and with advances in Artificial Intelligence and increasing autonomy in future drones will human Decision Making one day be a thing of the past. Lets now introduce our panel joining us in amsterdam away as when a member of a humanitarian disarmament projects leader at a dutch think tank packs in nottingham in the u. K. We have. A socio professor at the center of a conflict security and terrorism at Nottingham University and in boston glen col former Deputy National Intelligence Officer for transnational threats at the cia welcome to inside story gentlemen very good to have you with us women in amsterdam if i can start with you how concerned are you about the proliferation of drones as a weapon to counter threats from enemies good afternoon fully and thanks for having me on your show i think all your shows addressing a really urgent problem weve seen now that military drones in all shapes and sizes are becoming more readily available and we see states like china israel in the u. S. Stepping up their game to export drones and weve seen other states. Really looking forward to use them on the battlefield so simple for example libya weve seen turkish drone is being used by the government of National Court to strike the armed militias from the Libyan National army under under the command of general officer who inist of his position is also using chinese drone which are flown by the United Arab Emirates to strike various targets and only early august weve seen in the large amount of civilian casualties from drone strikes inside of libya so indeed this is a big issue and we also see when whats the risk groups picking up the base there as well in your view what risk do they pause because theres a notion that drone save more lives and they kill and that they lower the threshold of conflicts what do risks you see them posing. So of course military wants to avoid risk for their own personnel on the battlefield which is understandable but because drones can fly around over a certain area for a long period with missiles and bombs they can actually leave but they could also be using covert operations so the risk is that indeed you see in cross Border Operations with all manner of craft which wouldnt have been used with manned or crude crude aircraft like jet fighters so its more easy for states to resort to the use of lethal force and weve got more remote violence which goes so you did lead to escalation of force in in areas like weve seen for example with the drone incident in iran but also recently in the border with israel and in the syria and indeed between israel and hezbollah. In nottingham the u. K. Has weve seen increased its defense contracts in the gulf region in recent years and now theyre considering using drones to help us or oil tankers in the straits of homo solving the recent tensions with iran do you think sending these drones to this region will be perceived as less of an escalation than Old Fashioned hardware are they less threatening these drones and Old Fashioned way. Well i dont think we can measure a threat because they are a military capability and what they do put a provider is a capability that is cheaper and more persistent and in most cases far more accurate than other capabilities in the region so if these drones werent available then a larger number of manned aircraft would have to be deployed to provide the intelligence reconnaissance and response capability that these drones can provide in terms of threats they said its difficult but. A drone that is posing a threat to one side can be shot down without that much of a retaliatory response than if an armed aircraft with a manned aircraft was there a manned aircraft with a of this lean mean a threat to life and nations would feel that they need to respond to that so i would argue that you can you can make the argument both ways and i dont think its a its i think its a futile argument to discuss whether drones in themselves increase or decrease the threat they just one more capability in the mix in terms of force night glenn kahl in boston based on your experience what is your viewpoint on the use of drones in war theyve been use for a long time now but more increasingly in recent years how have they changed the way war is conducted and are they International Laws that regulate the way drones are used in war. Well thank you for having me like any technology. In particular a revolutionary want rather than incremental one that it changes the equation on the use of force and then raises a lot of legal and policy issues and the focus really has been in the United States and i think everywhere in the International Community on the Legal Framework that is imperfect or behind the technological evolution if there is a technology that is potential or coming into use it will be deployed and the challenge. That and that is how do you incorporate this in the framework that regulates the use of force and the enforcement of laws and thats been where the United States and all other nations have struggled so far now the professor in birmingham pointed out and both both of our callers that that the use of drones dramatically really lowers. Unwanted error casualties so it but that incident and yes in instances gates involving the United States for instance where drones have killed innocent civilians in places like afghanistan for instance what is the biggest risk the biggest vulnerability if you will when it comes to using these drones in war. Well its true that the innocents continue to die which is a terrible thing its terrible that anyone has to collar someone charges that someone has to die but when you look at the number of. Intended casualties burst right. Or in a conflict the trend line actually is a positive one meaning that there are fewer and fewer innocents who are killed there still are but when we compare even with the 1st gulf war which is now 30 years ago the number of. Errant bombs dropped to compare with the accuracy of a drone its its orders of magnitude more more accurate so the issue then becomes theres a persistent threats because you can have a drone flying for days at a time you can deploy drones regressively the u. S. Military underwater that just sit there waiting to pop up when wanted so thats a useful technology but it does raise the issues of how do you regulate the use of force in ways that never been counted encountered before thats really the challenge right way women as that then says the Legal Framework is indeed imperfect and you know that the questions about that legal and ethical ramifications of using drones in war how do you see the legislation evolving especially when the technology is developing rapidly has the legislation for the use of drones evolved in line with the development of the technology. I think you you address a very valid point there because as my colleague in us. Outlined is indeed the legal issues thats now currently being that need to be debated so for example the u. S. Have not clearly outlined the legal position on the use of force and they argued that for example the use of drones in Counterterrorism Operations can be equal to the use or should be the laws of Armed Conflict should be applied to that were in cases like yemen and pakistan and somalia this is not the case and it should be interpreted as the use of International Human rights law which has far more restrictions on the use of lethal force well a program where there is well is that the use of drones and current terrorism operations also deals with lack of transparency over whos been targeted and why and for example as mentioned there are many civilian cozies over hundreds if not thousands in pakistan yemen and somalia. Who have not been they dont know where they have been targeted and the question is that operation of ordos if those operations were effective and we already disagree and on that and so far the problem now is that there has been hardly any pushback against us practice for other states feel they have more space to engage and use drones in counter there are there is an operations as well because yeah the states refrain to push back against us practice in an. Absolute ashraf weve talked about the states right now what about the nonstate actors weve seen in yemen for instance in the war in yemen the who fees increasingly use drones to target saudi arabia to go deep into saudi territory suggesting that they have quite Sophisticated Technology where do the nonstate actors get the one who provides them and how risky how dangerous is it that these drones are in the hands of nonstate actors like the healthy. Theres a good question but before i answer it let me just to the points that clan and women made the point is that drones currently are 90 something 98 percent 99 percent accurate in terms of the target they intend to hit what we are getting is some data is indicating up to 30 percent of Collateral Damage and that is occurring because of what i describe as of the technology the Hardware Technology outpacing the our the precision of our intelligence so the reason we get a lot of casualties is because of poor targeting or mistakes being made in targeting in intelligence rather than human error call systems and we must remember. Cities it is essentially human error so i think its worth looking at this problem in a slightly more focused way the other point of course about laws is that i dont think legislation has evolved as much as interpretation of legislation has evolved and i think its a very good point to make that this is an area that should be debated and laws should be constructed to control this area but who having heard of i mean obviously that is not a Wide Organization sorry to interrupt you who could well im talking about a number of the United States china who could be responsible for coming up with such a law. Or to be honest to our i think most states as they have done in all aspects of war will subordinate laws or interpret laws to meet strategic requirements but the the Legal Systems are national so you need state i think the debate needs to take place and in International Fora such as the uns the interNational Court of justice and so on all these bodies should go ahead and stipulate and work up laws which will eventually high. I hope influence national strategies. Let me just give you an example of how these laws are being interpreted in britain in british under british law we can only kill somebody if they present an immediate threat and when joe hardy john the british terrorist was killed in in the middle east it was interpreted by the Prime Minister as an imminent opportunity to deal with what i think he interpreted as a persistent threat so what we are seeing is the evolution or an interpretation of existing laws going back to your original question about who which they get them from the these drones particular smaller ones that many terrorist organizations and certain to organizations are can be bought commercially theyre available for Recreational Purposes but also some of them are available for civilian survey and other. Roles which can be bought at a few 1000. 00 tens of thousands of dollars and not much more and i think its very important to to be very careful not to interpret the the the actions of the yemeni rebels. As being in possession of Sophisticated Technology what they did demonstrate and what all they have been able graduations are succeeding decides rating target deep inside saudi arabia so wouldnt you say that theyre using Sophisticated Technology. Well its everything is relative its a 50 k. To 4 foot for rebels and insurgents groups historically but it isnt sophisticated in terms of what is available to states what we are seeing is an asymmetry an asymmetric operation and what this was a minor operation in terms of military capability destroyed nothing of any value what it has done is to have you and i and others debate it right and so this is a lot of what happens in modern warfare is about public statements about grabbing headlines and thats where i suppose they have demonstrated sophisticated thinking as opposed to using Sophisticated Technology let me let me ask glenn what he thinks about that then after says what the the who these have been doing as far as targeting saudi arabia with these drones is about grabbing headlines what are your thoughts on that to do does the fact that these drones this type of technology is able to get into the hands of nonstate actors like the whole thiis or other socalled terrorist organizations how big of a threat is that well terrorism. A large part of a terrorist subject even for most terrorists who are not particularly coherent but are just idealistic usually young men. Seeking to strike a blow someplace is to. Obtain. Media attention and to change the perceptions. Of the broader or even or a targeted public so so thats central what the Technology Used is is secondary it can be an airplane or can be a drone it can be a machine gun the point is to shape in a. Certain way the. Perceptions of the United States or Great Britain or whoever the target audience is and id like to make 2 points on our discussion that i think are important. The United States for more than 20 years now and the us unfortunately the whole world has struggled with how does one approach as a good argument a terrorist organization or individual right in the u. S. Because there is elaborately rigorously defined regulations laws treaties procedures to regulate a warfare among states there isnt really for what are called. Nonstate actors and terrorists there is criminal law and Law Enforcement procedures that are very elaborate both in nation states and internationally but the terrorists in the United States you fell between these occasions that frankly was a huge error. But is the United States trying to have a arguing that we can treat them not according to the laws of war and not according to the obligations of our legal system for a criminal activity which raises in this instance some of the issues on the use of drones and individuals its a huge dilemma the answer is that you treat them either as criminals terrorists or if they represent or acting on behalf of a state as state actors and then frankly the world has developed a pretty coherent series of mutually accepted procedures and regulations for the use of force and Law Enforcement let me just the 2nd issue for you to adopt i just want to ask you about the fact that in the past the americans have been reluctant to transfer you know such aircraft because if you is that it might fall out of government control or you could be used against israel but it seems that things a somewhat changing under the administration is that correct well i dont recall ever having had a positive thing to say about the Trump Administration but in this instance it may not be that that we can finger them specifically. U. S. Policy has always been to transfer whatever technology seems relevant at the moment and to our church. And we can wish to aid or against which we wish to work something thats a particular qualitative evolution there i mean theres a lot of confusion in contradiction in what trump says and what the u. S. Government now is doing with respect to libya we talk about libya right thats certainly true when sebi bring you back into the conversation and to the subject of our discussion today how do you see drones changing the future of warfare. Where you see states or unknowns that actors or more willingly to. Acquire them to develop them and to use them in their military operations so this is also because theres less empathized to to deploy troops because of the political
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